Abstract:
:To produce chronic infection, microbial pathogens must escape host immune defenses. Infection with the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is typically chronic. To understand the mechanism by which C. neoformans survives in tissue after the infection of immunocompetent hosts, we systematically studied the course of pulmonary infection in mice by electron microscopy. The macrophage was the primary phagocytic cell at all times of infection, but neutrophils also ingested yeast. Alveolar macrophages rapidly internalized yeast cells after intratracheal infection, and intracellular yeast cells were noted at all times of infection from 2 h through 28 days. However, the proportion of yeast cells in the intracellular and extracellular spaces varied with the time of infection. Early in infection, yeast cells were found predominantly in the intracellular compartment. A shift toward extracellular predominance occurred by 24 h that was accompanied by macrophage cytotoxicity and disruption. Later in infection, intracellular persistence in vivo was associated with replication, residence in a membrane-bound phagosome, polysaccharide accumulation inside cells, and cytotoxicity to macrophages, despite phagolysosomal fusion. Many phagocytic vacuoles with intracellular yeast had discontinuous membranes. Macrophage infection resulted in cells with a distinctive appearance characterized by large numbers of vacuoles filled with polysaccharide antigen. Similar results were observed in vitro using a macrophage-like cell line. Our results show that C. neoformans is a facultative intracellular pathogen in vivo. Furthermore, our observations suggest that C. neoformans occupies a unique niche among the intracellular pathogens whereby survival in phagocytic cells is accompanied by intracellular polysaccharide production.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Feldmesser M,Kress Y,Novikoff P,Casadevall Adoi
10.1128/iai.68.7.4225-4237.2000keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-07-01 00:00:00pages
4225-37issue
7eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522journal_volume
68pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In pathogenic bacteria, iron acquisition is important for colonization and proliferation in the host under iron-limited conditions. The ability of Vibrio spp. to acquire iron is often critical to their virulence, causing gastroenteritis or excessive watery diarrhea in humans. In the study described here, we cloned the...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
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doi:10.1128/IAI.73.2.722-729.2005
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
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doi:10.1128/IAI.00439-09
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
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更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relapsing fever (RF) is a spirochetal infection characterized by periods of sickness with fever at time of high bacteremia that alternate with afebrile periods of relative well being during low bacteremia. Patients with epidemic RF who are doing relatively well have extraordinarily high levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00587-08
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
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doi:10.1128/IAI.23.1.99-107.1979
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.6.4.438-443.1972
更新日期:1972-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism of in vitro synergistic lysis of sheep erythrocytes by Corynebacterium ovis and Corynebacterium equi was investigated. Hemolysis required (i) the action of phospholipase D from C. ovis, (ii) the action of an extracellular protein of C. equi, and (iii) Mg2+. Maximum lysis required imposition on the system...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.29.1.123-131.1980
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted pathogen associated with several acute and chronic reproductive tract disease syndromes in men and women. To evaluate the suitability of a pig-tailed macaque model of M. genitalium infection, we inoculated a pilot animal with M. genitalium strain G37 in the uterine cervi...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01322-12
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.37.2.720-727.1982
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01377-09
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Binding of radiolabeled human fibrinogen and aggregated beta-microglobulin was measured in 60 strains of beta-hemolytic group B streptococci. Positive fibrinogen binding was detected in seven of the strains. Six of the group B strains showed an uptake of aggregated beta 2-microglobulin. Four individual strains carried...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.31.3.856-861.1981
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.55.6.1393-1398.1987
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00359-06
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human colostrum, parotid saliva, and serum were assayed for the presence of naturally occurring antibodies to five serotypes of Streptococcus mutans. Appreciable levels of agglutinins to strains AHT, BHT, 10449, 6715, and LM-7 (groups a leads to e, respectively) were detected in normal colostrum and saliva, whereas re...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.14.2.355-362.1976
更新日期:1976-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00310-15
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rabbit-specific enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (REPEC) is an attaching and effacing pathogen of young rabbits. Using signature-tagged mutagenesis, we identified several known colonization factors of REPEC as well as a gene predicted to encode a novel autotransporter protein. This novel gene was termed rpeA for REPE...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00972-06
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oophorectomized, estrogen-treated rats were immunized by the intravaginal or intranasal route with a mannoprotein extract (MP) or secreted aspartyl proteinases (Sap) of Candida albicans, with or without cholera toxin as a mucosal adjuvant. Both routes of immunization were equally effective in (i) inducing anti-MP and ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.70.5.2725-2729.2002
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytoskeletal lesions associated with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli adhering to cultured HeLa epithelial cells were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy. The microfilament-associated proteins actin, alpha-actinin, talin, and ezrin were localized with adherent enteropathogenic E. coli, whereas tropomyosin, ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.60.6.2541-2543.1992
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.8.3490-3495.1993
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
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doi:10.1128/IAI.2.5.686-688.1970
更新日期:1970-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
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更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.59.2.638-644.1991
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1974-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
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更新日期:2016-09-19 00:00:00
abstract::Although the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis must withstand high levels of nitrosative stress while in the oral cavity, the mechanisms of nitrosative stress defense are not well understood in this organism. Previously we showed that the transcriptional regulator HcpR plays a significant role in defense, ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::Fimbrial adhesins that mediate attachment to host cells are produced by most virulent Escherichia coli isolates. These virulence factors play an important role in the initial stages of bacterial colonization and also in determination of the host and tissue specificity. Isolates belonging to serotype O78 are known to c...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.68.10.5901-5907.2000
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::D-Amino acid oxidase (DAO) is a hydrogen peroxide-generating enzyme that uses a D-amino acid as a substrate. We hypothesized that DAO may protect against bacterial infection, because hydrogen peroxide is one of the most important molecules in the antibacterial defense systems in mammals. We show here that DAO suppress...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed an in vitro model to study the temperature-regulated cytotoxicity and intracellular growth of Mycobacterium haemophilum in cultured human epithelial and endothelial cells. M. haemophilum associated with human epithelial and endothelial cells at similar rates when incubated at 33 and 37 degrees C, but only...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.64.1.269-276.1996
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complete sequence analysis of the 210-kb Shigella flexneri 5a virulence plasmid was determined. Shigella spp. cause dysentery and diarrhea by invasion and spread through the colonic mucosa. Most of the known Shigella virulence determinants are encoded on a large plasmid that is unique to virulent strains of Shigel...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.5.3271-3285.2001
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00