The ionic channel of neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors is funnel-shaped.

abstract：:In IMR32 neuroblastoma cells, the two adenosine receptor agonists N6-R-phenylisopropyladenosine and 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine dose-dependently stimulated membrane adenylate cyclase activity with potencies consistent with the presence of adenosine receptors of the A2-subtype. The S enantiomer of N6-R-phenylisoprop...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Abbracchio MP,Cattabeni F,Clementi F,Sher E

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depression is a chronic disease that affects nearly twice as many women as men, and symptoms can differ by sex. Preclinical models disproportionately use male subjects and test a single behavioral endpoint immediately at the cessation of stress. We conducted variable stress in male and female mice for 6, 28, and 56 da...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Johnson A,Rainville JR,Rivero-Ballon GN,Dhimitri K,Hodes GE

更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:D2 receptor null mutant (Drd2(-/-)) mice have altered responses to the rewarding and locomotor effects of psychostimulant drugs, which is evidence of a necessary role for D2 receptors in these behaviors. Furthermore, work with mice that constitutively express only the D2 receptor short form (D2S), as a result of genet...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Neve KA,Ford CP,Buck DC,Grandy DK,Neve RL,Phillips TJ

更新日期：2013-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the major mode of transmission for serotonin in the brain is volume transmission, previous anatomical studies have demonstrated that serotonergic axons do form synaptic contacts. The olfactory glomeruli of the olfactory bulb of mammals receive a strong serotonergic innervation from the dorsal and medial raphe...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Gracia-Llanes FJ,Blasco-Ibáñez JM,Nácher J,Varea E,Liberia T,Martínez P,Martínez-Guijarro FJ,Crespo C

更新日期：2010-08-25 00:00:00

abstract：:In some brain regions, previous studies reported the frequent coexistence between neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and somatostatin (SOM). In the hippocampus, nNOS and SOM were mainly expressed in GABAergic nonprincipal neurons. Here we estimated the immunocytochemical colocalization of nNOS and SOM in the mouse ...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Jinno S,Kosaka T

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of the C-terminal glycopeptide of the vasopressin prohormone was mapped in rat brain by an immunocytochemical method using antibodies to the sheep glycopeptide. The antibodies did not react with vasopressin, oxytocin or their related neurophysins. Stained neural perikarya were observed in the hypothal...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Dubois-Dauphin M,Zakarian S

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1-Bromopropane is a newly introduced substitute for specific chlorofluorocarbons whose production was prohibited because of depletion of ozone layers. In this study, we analyzed disinhibitory effects induced by repetitive inhalation of 1-bromopropane for 12 weeks in the hippocampal CA1 and the dentate gyrus. In additi...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Fueta Y,Fukuda T,Ishidao T,Hori H

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gonadal hormones are known to influence the regulation of emotional responses and affective states. Whereas fluctuations in progesterone and estradiol are associated with increased vulnerability for mood disorders, testosterone is mainly associated with social dominance, aggressive, and antisocial behavior. Here, we r...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： van Wingen GA,Ossewaarde L,Bäckström T,Hermans EJ,Fernández G

更新日期：2011-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Western diets are high in fat and sucrose and can influence behavior and gut microbiota. There is growing evidence that altering the microbiome can influence the brain and behavior. This study was designed to determine whether diet-induced changes in the gut microbiota could contribute to alterations in anxiety, memor...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Magnusson KR,Hauck L,Jeffrey BM,Elias V,Humphrey A,Nath R,Perrone A,Bermudez LE

更新日期：2015-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Arousal enhances the readiness to process sensory information and respond to it. Rapid increment of arousal, referred to as arousal reaction or startle, increases the level of attention and the chance of survival. Arousal reaction is known to originate from the brainstem ascending reticular activating system and to mo...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Löfberg O,Julkunen P,Pääkkönen A,Karhu J

更新日期：2014-08-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin-like growth factor-I elicits a long-term depression of the glutamate-induced GABA release in the adult rat cerebellum that lasts at least several hours. We studied whether protein kinase C and nitric oxide may be involved in this effect of insulin-like growth factor-I on GABA release since both signalling path...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Castro-Alamancos MA,Arevalo MA,Torres-Aleman I

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An animal's choice behavior is shaped by the outcome feedback from selected actions in a trial-and-error approach. Tonically active neurons (TANs), presumed cholinergic interneurons in the striatum, are thought to be involved in the learning and performance of reward-directed behaviors, but it remains unclear how TANs...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Inokawa H,Matsumoto N,Kimura M,Yamada H

更新日期：2020-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Response inhibition is a central aspect of cognitive control. Usually, response inhibition is examined using information from a single sensory modality. Yet, evidence suggests that conflicts between information from different modalities affect response inhibition. It is, however, crucial to consider that there are mod...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Friedrich J,Beste C

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Characterization of the expression pattern of connexins in neural tissue is a necessary prerequisite for understanding the functional relevance of the corresponding gap junction channels in brain. Here we describe the cell type-specific expression of connexin45 in the CNS and the spatiotemporal expression pattern from...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Maxeiner S,Krüger O,Schilling K,Traub O,Urschel S,Willecke K

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Creatine supplementation has been shown to protect neurons from oxidative damage due to its antioxidant and ergogenic functions. These features have led to the hypothesis of creatine supplementation use during pregnancy as prophylactic treatment to prevent CNS damage, such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Unfortuna...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Sartini S,Lattanzi D,Ambrogini P,Di Palma M,Galati C,Savelli D,Polidori E,Calcabrini C,Rocchi MB,Sestili P,Cuppini R

更新日期：2016-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Our working hypothesis is that brain neurotrophins and brain Na(+),K(+)-ATPase may be strongly associated with the occurrence of depression in animals subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Still, we believe that chrysin, a natural and bioactive flavonoid found in honey and some plants, can provide sat...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Filho CB,Jesse CR,Donato F,Giacomeli R,Del Fabbro L,da Silva Antunes M,de Gomes MG,Goes AT,Boeira SP,Prigol M,Souza LC

更新日期：2015-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Stimulation of the cornea activates neurons in two distinct regions of the spinal trigeminal nucleus: at the transition between trigeminal subnucleus interpolaris and subnucleus caudalis and at the transition between trigeminal subnucleus caudalis and the upper cervical spinal cord as estimated by expression of the im...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Bereiter DA,Bereiter DF,Tonnessen BH,Maclean DB

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Erythropoietin (EPO) and its receptor (EPO-R), mediate neuroprotection from axonopathy and apoptosis in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). We examined the impact and potential mechanisms of local EPO signaling on regenerating PNS axons in vivo and in vitro. As a consequence of injury, peripheral nerve axons and DRG ...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Toth C,Martinez JA,Liu WQ,Diggle J,Guo GF,Ramji N,Mi R,Hoke A,Zochodne DW

更新日期：2008-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Growth-associated protein-43, an established marker of neuronal plasticity during development and in injury, was used to characterize innervation in the normal human pancreas and changes in chronic alcohol-induced pancreatitis by using light microscopic immunocytochemistry and computer-assisted image analysis. Immunos...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Fink T,Di Sebastiano P,Büchler M,Beger HG,Weihe E

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have re-examined in the rat the nuclear localization of the medullary catecholamine-containing cell groups (A1 and A2) and their relation to the vagal motor nuclei using a double labeling method. The vagal nuclei were defined by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase applied to the cervical vagus, and n...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Ritchie TC,Westlund KN,Bowker RM,Coulter JD,Leonard RB

更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the organization of spinal networks controlling locomotion in the isolated spinal cord of the neonatal rat, and in this study we provide the first demonstration of plateau and bursting mechanisms in mammalian interneurons that show locomotor-related activity. Using tight-seal whole-cell recordings, we char...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Kiehn O,Johnson BR,Raastad M

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:'Significant' objects contribute greatly to scene recognition. The lateral occipital complex (LOC), parahippocampal place area (PPA), and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) play a crucial role in the cognitive processing of objects and scenes. However, the associated mechanism between objects and scenes remains unclear. In th...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Wang S,Cao L,Xu J,Zhang G,Lou Y,Liu B

更新日期：2018-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of transitory blockage of substantia nigra pars compacta glutamatergic inputs by intracranial injections of kynurenic acid were evaluated in two monkey treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The MPTP protocol was designed to mimic the gradual evolution of human Parkinson's disease...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Bezard E,Boraud T,Bioulac B,Gross CE

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of cardiac sympathetic afferents elicits pain and excitatory cardiovascular reflexes including acute hypertension and tachyarrhythmias. Our previous studies have shown that specific regions in the medulla, such as the nucleus of solitary tract and ventrolateral medulla, are involved in central regulation of...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Guo Z-,Li P,Longhurst JC

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the glomerular layer of the rat main olfactory bulb, we previously reported three chemically defined interneuron groups: GABA-like immunoreactive, calretinin-immunoreactive and Calbindin-D28k-immunoreactive groups [Kosaka K. et al. (1995) Neurosci. Res. 23, 73-88]. In the present study, we analysed the structural f...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Kosaka K,Toida K,Margolis FL,Kosaka T

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neurochemical and behavioural recovery following unilateral and bilateral lesions of the nucleus basalis was investigated in adult male Wistar rats 20 days and 6 months after surgery. The lesions were made by stereotaxic injections of ibotenic acid. Twenty days after surgery there was a statistically significant c...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Casamenti F,Di Patre PL,Bartolini L,Pepeu G

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The bed nucleus of stria terminalis is a basal forebrain region involved in regulation of hormonal and behavioral responses to stress. In this report we demonstrate that bed nucleus of stria terminalis has a high and localized expression of tissue plasminogen activator, a serine protease with neuromodulatory propertie...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Matys T,Pawlak R,Strickland S

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The basal forebrain (BF) comprises morphologically and functionally heterogeneous cell populations, including cholinergic and non-cholinergic corticopetal neurons that are implicated in sleep-wake modulation, learning, memory and attention. Several studies suggest that glutamate may be among inputs affecting cholinerg...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Hur EE,Edwards RH,Rommer E,Zaborszky L

更新日期：2009-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have shown that when peripheral nerves in axolotl limbs are cut and surgically misdirected, regenerating axons grow back to the original pathways and innervate their correct muscles. In the present study however, we demonstrate that when given a choice between their correct nerve stump and an incorrec...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Aaronson OS,Golding JP,Tonge DA

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acoustic trauma is the major cause of hearing loss in industrialised nations. We show in guinea-pigs that sound exposure (6 kHz, 120 dB sound pressure level for 30 min) leads to sensory cell death and subsequent permanent hearing loss. Ultrastructural analysis reveals that degeneration of the noise-damaged hair cells ...

journal_title：Neuroscience

authors： Wang J,Dib M,Lenoir M,Vago P,Eybalin M,Hameg A,Pujol R,Puel JL

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00