Abstract:
:Concludes that depression consists of low reward motivation and high punisher motivation. The argument is as follows: Clinical observation and research agree that depression is primarily a motivational deficit. Learning theories agree that motivation consists of both the organism's expectations and the outcome's impact (value or aversiveness), i.e., motivation = expectation X impact. Popular theories and research agree that depressed people's expectations and their impacts differ from those of nondepressed people. Depressed people often expect few rewards and many punishers, and the impact of rewards is low while that of punishers is high. By substituting known expectancies and impacts into the motivation equation, it becomes clear that depressed people suffer a motivational deficit. A specific deduction is that depressed people exhibit their most severe motivational deficits in ambiguous social situations. This deduction generates the hypothesis that in ambiguous social situations, depressed people should engage in few instrumental, operant behaviors, but many escape and avoidance behaviors.
journal_name
J Clin Psycholjournal_title
Journal of clinical psychologyauthors
Layne Cdoi
10.1002/1097-4679(198007)36:3<647::aid-jclp2270360subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1980-07-01 00:00:00pages
647-52issue
3eissn
0021-9762issn
1097-4679journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Incompleteness-the troubling and irremediable sense that one's actions or experiences are not "just right"--appears to underlie many of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Because incompleteness may reflect basic sensory-affective dysfunction, it presents a challenge to clinicians wishing to apply cog...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jclp.20080
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The positive personality characteristics of optimism, hope, self-esteem, and perceived availability of social support are believed to play an important role in psychological adjustment to stressful life events. For example, these characteristics have been shown to be associated with fewer mood disturbances i...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jclp.22083
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates imaginative, dissociative, and schizotypal processes that are potentially relevant to obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms. Students (n = 377) completed questionnaires that assessed inferential confusion, absorption, schizotypal personality, and other domains. Hierarchical regression revealed tha...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jclp.20729
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This article aimed to critically review the literature on online counseling. METHOD:Database and hand-searches were made using search terms and eligibility criteria, yielding a total of 123 studies. RESULTS:The review begins with what characterizes online counseling. Outcome and process research in online c...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jclp.21974
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Determined whether individuals who adapted well or poorly to the loss of their vision could be differentiated on the basis of the Cattell 16PF. Well adjusted individuals were defined as those who displayed minimal depression and high social independence, while poorly adjusted individuals were highly depressed and soci...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-4679(197801)34:1<84::aid-jclp22703401
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Used the House-Tree-Person as a measure of pathology in 10 schizophrenic patients of both sexes between the ages of 19 and 30 before and after experimental hemodialysis treatment. Results obtained through the quantitative HTP scoring method, and reflected in HTP IQs, indicate that significant improvement as a function...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198305)39:3<448::aid-jclp2270390
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The interpersonal-psychological theory (IPT) of suicidal behavior suggests that an individual who does not feel they belong and believes they are a burden combined with the capability to attempt suicide is more likely to attempt suicide. The study aimed to investigate this hypothesis in the context of psycho...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jclp.22233
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Examined the possibility that college students' status on Whitehorn and Betz' (1954) A-B dimension would be related to their descriptions of the ideal psychiatric inpatient treatment setting. Sixty-one Ss completed the A-B scale, as well as Moos' (1974) Ward Atmosphere Scale-Ideal Form. Analysis demonstrated a statist...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-4679(197904)35:2<429::aid-jclp2270350
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This is a broad review examining the relationships between religiosity and the psychological outcomes of trauma. Previous studies showed that some constructs of religiosity are associated with lower severity of symptoms of mental disorders, whereas others, for instance, negative religious coping, predict dete...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jclp.22867
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to identify juvenile delinquent boys who had low social self-concepts as measured by the Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS) and to enhance their self-concepts through a program of photographic feedback of successful social interactions. A total of 30 Ss engaged in social interactions each week...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-4679(197707)33:3<833::aid-jclp2270330
更新日期:1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Investigated factorial structure of social status in hospitalized schizophrenics, alcoholics, executives and prison populations totaling 965 Ss. Five major factors were derived from the data obtained by administration of a 200-item Social Status Study instrument: Factor I--Social Class Role; Factor II--Conservative Ci...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198104)37:2<239::aid-jclp2270370
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We aimed to expand the scant research on disordered eating in women identifying same-sex sexual attractions. METHOD:We used multiple linear regressions to explore potential mechanisms driving disordered eating--both explicit and implicit weight bias and heterosexism--in a cross-sectional, online-recruited co...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jclp.22244
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcoholic Ss were categorized into four subtypes based upon differential levels of perceived locus of control and experienced control. The relationship between generalized psychopathology, as measured by the MMPI, and subtype classification was investigated. Alcoholics with an internal locus of control and high levels...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-4679(197610)32:4<899::aid-jclp2270320
更新日期:1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mental health professionals have been described as biased in the evaluation of mental illness, almost always in favor of illness. It is a professional bias does exist, two factors could be responsible--situational expectancies and/or professional training. Undergraduate students (N = 32) and psychiatric residents (N =...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198001)36:1<99::aid-jclp22703601
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Examined the relationship between preference for major counseling orientations and perception of counselor behavior in theoretically derived counseling interviews. Seventy-seven undergraduate students viewed demonstration interviews by Rogers and Lazarus, rated the counselor behavior on the Counselor Rating Form, and ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198407)40:4<1111::aid-jclp227040
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current literature on effects of childhood lead poisoning and high blood lead level on psychological test performance was reviewed. A pathognomic configuration of mental ability test scores is described. A sample of 18 moderately to severely lead poisoned children was found to have a significantly higher frequency of ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199301)49:1<94::aid-jclp22704901
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The development of a constructive therapeutic alliance may represent an important feature of interpersonal adaptation in clients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). The present study explores cognitive heuristics as dynamic features of change in relationship with the therapeutic alliance in the treatm...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jclp.22775
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The therapeutic relationship is crucial to the ethical and effective practice of any psychotherapy. In Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) as formulated by Aaron T. Beck, the generic elements of the relationship including expressed empathy, expressions of positive regard, agreement on goals, and agreement on tasks within...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jclp.23116
更新日期:2021-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::To conclude this issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session, the authors identify several next steps for clinicians interested in religious and spiritual therapy. They call for more clinically useful definitions of religion and spirituality and suggest that new methods of clinical practice that employ bot...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jclp.20562
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study compared 69 adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs) with 30 control college students on scales from the revised MMPI (MMPI-2). ACOA subjects could be differentiated from control subjects on several MMPI-2 scales and two-scale profiles, many of which differentiate alcoholic from nonalcoholic samples. However, t...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199405)50:3<446::aid-jclp2270500
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of the MMPI to classify five well-defined patient groups was investigated (N = 394; control, neurologic, psychiatric, chronic pain, and random). Clinical inspection and discriminant function analyses of basic clinical and research scales could not classify groups correctly, but discriminant function analys...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199503)51:2<258::aid-jclp2270510
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The psychoanalytic understanding of suicide has greatly expanded in the past 30 years, and the older therapeutic approach has been modified. Although the turning of murder on the self inferred by Freud 90 years ago remains a cornerstone, current practice concentrates on the identification of a precipitating event, the...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jclp.20225
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We examined Veterans' perspectives on discussing moral injury in veterans affairs (VA) evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other VA treatment. METHODS:Fourteen male warzone veterans (ages 25-74) who completed an EBP for PTSD within the past year participated in ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jclp.22887
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study of 109 undergraduates found that sex and sex role identification, as assessed by the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), were related significantly to sex sequence, sexual differences, and quality of drawing on the Draw-A-Person (DAP). Specifically, males and masculine persons tended to draw males first, female and...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199007)46:4<460::aid-jclp2270460
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recently developed instrument for the quantification of mother-infant interaction, the Parent-Child Early Relationship Assessment (PCERA), was used to observe drug-abusing mothers and their infants. Compared to the standardization sample used in the development of the PCERA, these drug-abusing mothers (N = 5) showed...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199103)47:2<316::aid-jclp2270470
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been long recognized and well established in children, but its continuation into adulthood has only recently been supported by the research. ADHD symptoms and concerns typically appear differently in adults, but treatment options, conceptually at least, are similar t...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jclp.20117
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subjects completed questionnaires designed to assess (a) attributions along internal-external, stable-unstable, and global-specific dimensions subsequent to undersirable events; (b) negative affect; and (c) retrospective psychological and physical health. Subjects then kept weekly records, for 12 weeks, of their visit...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199507)51:4<507::aid-jclp2270510
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two indices descriptive of patterns of differential cognitive impairment have been derived from principal component analyses of the normative data of the Wechsler scales for adults (WAIS-R) and children (WISC-R), respectively. The former index is sensitive to the test-specific cognitive effects of unilateral cerebral ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198901)45:1<106::aid-jclp2270450
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors C.R. Snyder and T.R. Elliott of this special issue's target article, "Twenty-First Century Graduate Education in Clinical Psychology: A Four Level Matrix Model" (this issue, pp. 1033-1054), are right that scientific distinctions should sometimes be de-emphasized in service of understanding the larger scien...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jclp.20138
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Routine outcome monitoring and clinical feedback systems might be beneficial for adolescent psychotherapy processes. METHODS:Clinicians (n = 34) and adolescent clients (n = 22) aged 14-19 from seven different outpatient clinics located in Norway participated in the study. Adolescents were interviewed in indi...
journal_title:Journal of clinical psychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jclp.23100
更新日期:2020-12-15 00:00:00