Abstract:
:Astrocytes purified from primary cultures of neonatal rat cerebrum can now be grown in a synthetic medium supplemented with putrescine, prostaglandin F2 alpha, insulin, fibroblast growth factor, and hydrocortisone. These five supplements have a marked synergistic effect on growth when used in combination but have little effect when used individually. Astrocytes grown in the defined medium exhibit dramatic changes in morphological characteristics in comparison to cells grown in serum-free or serum-supplemented medium. In addition, these cells express the astrocyte-specific marker glial fibrillary acidic protein and are estimated by several criteria to be greater than 95% astrocytes.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Morrison RS,de Vellis Jdoi
10.1073/pnas.78.11.7205subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1981-11-01 00:00:00pages
7205-9issue
11eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
78pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Infection during the neonatal period commonly induces apnea episodes, and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta may serve as a critical mediator between these events. To determine the mechanism by which IL-1beta depresses respiration, we examined a prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2))-dependent pathway in newborn mice and huma...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0611468104
更新日期:2007-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::Live proliferation-competent and irradiated proliferation-incompetent L5178 murine lymphoma cells (Eb cell line) were compared for their potency to induce systemic anti-tumor immunity in syngeneic DBA/2 mice. The tumorigenic potential in vivo of live Eb cells was suppressed through local secretion of interleukin 4 (IL...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.16.7430
更新日期:1994-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::Activator protein-1 (AP-1) is a crucial transcription factor implicated in numerous cancers. For this reason, nine homologues of the AP-1 leucine zipper region have been characterized: Fos (c-Fos, FosB, Fra1, and Fra2), Jun (c-Jun, JunB, and JunD), and semirational library-designed winning peptides FosW and JunW. The ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0509880103
更新日期:2006-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the surface delivery pathways followed by newly synthesized plasma membrane proteins in intestinal cells. To this end, we developed an assay and characterized an epithelial cell line (SK-CO-15) derived from human colon adenocarcinoma. Polarized confluent monolayers (2000 omega.cm2), grown on polycarbonate f...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.23.9313
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypoxia, reoxygenation, and the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate activate the transcription factor NF-kappaB, involving phosphorylation of its inhibitor IkappaB-alpha on tyrosine 42. This modification does not lead to degradation of IkappaB by the proteasome/ubiquitin pathway, as is seen on stimulation of ce...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.2.429
更新日期:1999-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::Phycobilisomes isolated from eight different species of cyanobacteria contain in addition to the light-harvesting phycobiliproteins, a small number of colorless polypeptides with molecular weights higher than those of the chromopolypeptide subunits of the phycobiliproteins. In the phycobilisomes of the species examin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.4.1635
更新日期:1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A descriptive medium for the presentation of protein structure has been developed and used to evaluate the structure of the active site of bovine trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4). This technique, involving advanced computer graphics technology, permits the facile display of a representation of the molecular surface of proteins o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.11.5409
更新日期:1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ionizing radiation (IR) induces a variety of DNA lesions among which DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the biologically most significant. It is currently unclear if DSB repair is equally efficient after low and high doses. Here, we use gamma-H2AX, phospho-ATM (pATM), and 53BP1 foci analysis to monitor DSB repair. We...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1002213107
更新日期:2010-08-10 00:00:00
abstract::We have used DNA transfection to identify several regions of the adenovirus genome needed to induce replication of the defective parvovirus, adenovirus-associated virus (AAV). Previous studies have indicated that only early adenovirus functions are needed to aid the replication of AAV. In this report, we demonstrate t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.3.1925
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two additional peptides with inhibin-like activity have been isolated from human seminal plasma. One consists of 52 amino acids and the other, 92 amino acids. They are designated alpha-inhibin-52 and alpha-inhibin-92. Sequence analyses show that the NH2-terminal 31 amino acids of alpha-inhibin-52 are identical to the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.12.4041
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies on proteins whose N and C termini are in close proximity have demonstrated that folding of polypeptide chains and assembly of oligomers can be accomplished with circularly permuted chains. As yet no methodical study has been conducted to determine how extensively new termini can be introduced and where ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.21.11591
更新日期:1996-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::To define the gene content of the HLA class I region, cDNA selection was applied to three overlapping yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) that spanned 1 megabase (Mb) of this region of the human major histocompatibility complex. These YACs extended from the region centromeric to HLA-E to the region telomeric to HLA-F....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.24.11870
更新日期:1993-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::There is great interest in understanding the mechanisms of expression underlying long-term potentiation (LTP). They are agreed to involve an increase in synaptic efficacy, which is described by three multiplicative parameters: p, the probability of neurotransmitter release; n, the number of active release sites; and q...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.11.5888
更新日期:1997-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a method for predicting the structure of alpha beta class proteins in the absence of information from homologous structures. The method is based on an associative memory model for short to intermediate range in sequence contacts and a contact potential for long range in sequence contacts. The coefficients ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.252753899
更新日期:2003-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-1 maturation involves conversion of the immature Gag polyprotein lattice, which lines the inner surface of the viral membrane, to the mature capsid protein (CA) lattice, which encloses the viral RNA. Maturation inhibitors such as bevirimat (BVM) bind within six-helix bundles, formed by a segment that spans the jun...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1917755117
更新日期:2020-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::Ischemia of the myocardium and lower limbs is a common consequence of arterial disease and a major source of morbidity and mortality in modernized countries. Inducing neovascularization for the treatment of ischemia is an appealing therapeutic strategy for patients for whom traditional treatment modalities cannot be p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1117885109
更新日期:2012-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which the embryo proper and suspensor of plant embryos activate specific gene sets shortly after fertilization. We analyzed the upstream region of the scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) G564 gene to understand how genes are activated specifically within the susp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0813276106
更新日期:2009-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::Whether G protein-coupled receptors signal from endosomes to control important pathophysiological processes and are therapeutic targets is uncertain. We report that opioids from the inflamed colon activate δ-opioid receptors (DOPr) in endosomes of nociceptors. Biopsy samples of inflamed colonic mucosa from patients an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2000500117
更新日期:2020-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Inherited deficiencies of the enzymes adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase; EC 3.5.4.4) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (purine-nucleoside:orthophosphate ribosyltransferase; EC 2.4.2.1) preferentially interfere with lymphocyte development while sparing most other organ systems. Previous experiments have s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.12.5677
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expression systems based on the Escherichia coli arabinose operon P(BAD) promoter exhibit the all-or-nothing (autocatalytic) induction of expression that was first documented in the lac operon. Under conditions of subsaturating levels of inducer, some of the cells of the population are fully induced, whereas other cel...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.122227599
更新日期:2002-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::Adolescent trauma (AT) is a common risk factor for adult-onset posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the vulnerability to AT among different individuals varies dramatically, indicating that other cofactors are important. Despite extensive studies, the identification of those cofactors has had little success. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1219601110
更新日期:2013-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::Using cell-based aptamer selection, we have developed a strategy to use the differences at the molecular level between any two types of cells for the identification of molecular signatures on the surface of targeted cells. A group of aptamers have been generated for the specific recognition of leukemia cells. The sele...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0602615103
更新日期:2006-08-08 00:00:00
abstract::In skeletal muscle, dihydropyridine receptors and dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channels are preferentially localized in the transverse tubular membranes. Starting with an antigenic membrane fraction enriched in rabbit muscle transverse tubules (T-tubules), several monoclonal antibodies were produced by a fusion of s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.14.5019
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have tested the effect of increased ribosomal fidelity on a modified version of the programmed release factor 2 (RF2) translational frameshift. In the constructs tested, the original UGA codon at the site of the shift was replaced by either of two sense codons, UGG (tryptophan), which allows a frameshift of approxi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.6.2315
更新日期:1993-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochrome c (cyt c) is a stable protein that functions in a monomeric state as an electron donor for cytochrome c oxidase. It is also released to the cytosol when permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane occurs at the early stage of apoptosis. For nearly half a century, it has been known that cyt c forms ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1001839107
更新日期:2010-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Depolarization of isolated nerve terminals (synaptosomes) has been shown to stimulate neurotransmitter release and to increase the phosphorylation state of a number of proteins, including synapsin I, in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Synapsin I, a prominent nerve terminal phosphoprotein, interacts with the cytoplasmic surfa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.20.8108
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes are down-regulated during osteogenesis, myogenesis, and adipogenesis, necessitating a mechanistic understanding of interrelationships between growth control and phenotype commitment. Here, we show that cell fate-determining factors [MyoD, myogenin (Mgn), Runx2, C/EBPbeta] occupy rDNA loci an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0800970105
更新日期:2008-05-06 00:00:00
abstract::Neutrophil spontaneous death plays essential roles in neutrophil homeostasis and resolution of inflammation, whereas the underlying molecular mechanisms are still ill-defined. Neutrophils die because of programmed cell death or apoptosis. However, treatment with inhibitor of caspases, which are responsible for the maj...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0605722103
更新日期:2006-10-03 00:00:00
abstract::Transcriptional repression via methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) by the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is conserved in higher eukaryotes. The Arabidopsis PRC2 controls homeotic gene expression, flowering time, and gene imprinting. Although downstream target genes and the regulatory mechanism of PRC2 ar...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1104232108
更新日期:2011-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::Alternative ribosome subunit proteins are prevalent in the genomes of diverse bacterial species, but their functional significance is controversial. Attempts to study microbial ribosomal heterogeneity have mostly relied on comparing wild-type strains with mutants in which subunits have been deleted, but this approach ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2009607117
更新日期:2020-08-11 00:00:00