Structural similarities between viroids and transposable genetic elements.

abstract：:In the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, several events in the process of conidiation are influenced by light. Two genes, con-6 and con-10, which were previously shown to be transcriptionally activated during conidiation and by exposure to light, were found to be unexpressed in mycelium maintained in constant dark...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lauter FR,Yanofsky C

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aromatic polyketides make up a large class of natural products with diverse bioactivity. During biosynthesis, linear poly-β-ketone intermediates are regiospecifically cyclized, yielding molecules with defined cyclization patterns that are crucial for polyketide bioactivity. The aromatase/cyclases (ARO/CYCs) are respon...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Caldara-Festin G,Jackson DR,Barajas JF,Valentic TR,Patel AB,Aguilar S,Nguyen M,Vo M,Khanna A,Sasaki E,Liu HW,Tsai SC

更新日期：2015-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The rat mammary cell line Rama 25 [Bennett, D.C., Peachey, L.A., Durbin, H. & Rudland, P.S. (1978) Cell 15, 283--298] differentiates morphologically in vitro from a cuboidal form to a fusiform cell resembling myoepithelial cells. This differentiation occurs in all clonal isolates of the line. By using three different ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lennon VA,Unger M,Dulbecco R

更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A transcript generated by the distal part of the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) gene was initially detected in cells where the full size 14-kilobase (kb) messenger RNA is not found at a significant level. This transcript, approximately 4.5 kb long, corresponds to the cysteine-rich and carboxyl-terminal domains of d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hugnot JP,Gilgenkrantz H,Vincent N,Chafey P,Morris GE,Monaco AP,Berwald-Netter Y,Koulakoff A,Kaplan JC,Kahn A

更新日期：1992-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We have isolated a human gastrin gene from a genomic library by employing a human gastrin cDNA clone as a hybridization probe. The total length of the gene is approximately 4.0 kilobase pairs, and the gene is separated into three exons and two introns. A 130-base-pair intron interrupts the coding region and a 3.0-kilo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ito R,Sato K,Helmer T,Jay G,Agarwal K

更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fibrocytes are collagen-type-I-producing cells that arise at low frequency from hematopoietic cells. We have analyzed in mice which leukocyte subsets are required for generation of fibrocytes and show that murine fibrocytes develop from the subpopulation of CD11b(+) CD115(+) Gr1(+) monocytes under the control of CD4(+...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Niedermeier M,Reich B,Rodriguez Gomez M,Denzel A,Schmidbauer K,Göbel N,Talke Y,Schweda F,Mack M

更新日期：2009-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA-membrane attachment in cultures of E. coli B/r is found to depend on the pattern of DNA synthesis, (a) When the number of replication points increases, the fraction of the DNA that is membrane bound also increases. The relationship between the amount of DNA-membrane attachment and the number of replication points ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Parker DL,Glaser DA

更新日期：1975-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding molecular mechanisms in the context of living cells requires the development of new methods of in vivo biochemical analysis to complement established in vitro biochemistry. A critically important molecular mechanism is genetic recombination, required for the beneficial reassortment of genetic information...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cockram CA,Filatenkova M,Danos V,El Karoui M,Leach DR

更新日期：2015-08-25 00:00:00

abstract：:In the search for selective and long-acting analogs of somatostatin, nearly 200 compounds were synthesized by solid-phase methods, purified, and tested biologically. Among these octapeptides, some contained N-terminal (Formula: see text) were 177 times and 113 times more potent, respectively, than somatostatin in test...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cai RZ,Szoke B,Lu R,Fu D,Redding TW,Schally AV

更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The utilization of the isoaccepting species of leucyl-tRNA in protein synthesis has been examined in E. coli. Two minor leucyl-tRNA species, isoacceptors tRNA3Leu and tRNA4Leu, are the predominant species found bound to ribosomes during exponential growth in minimal medium. In rich medium, an increased proportion of t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Holmes WM,Goldman E,Miner TA,Hatfield GW

更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) DNA was treated with four restriction endonucleases (EcoRI, HincIII, Bgl II, and Xba I) and eight fragments were purified and labeled with 32P in vitro. The kinetics of renaturation of each of the fragments was measured in the presence of DNA extracted from 333-8-9, a hamster cell l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Galloway DA,Copple CD,McDougall JK

更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Time series data on arthropod populations are critical for understanding the magnitude, direction, and drivers of change. However, most arthropod monitoring programs are short-lived and restricted in taxonomic resolution. Monitoring data from the Arctic are especially underrepresented, yet critical to uncovering and u...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Høye TT,Loboda S,Koltz AM,Gillespie MAK,Bowden JJ,Schmidt NM

更新日期：2021-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The alternative splicing of mRNA is a critical process in higher eukaryotes that generates substantial proteomic diversity. Many of the proteins that are essential to this process contain arginine/serine-rich (RS) domains. ZRANB2 is a widely-expressed and highly-conserved RS-domain protein that can regulate alternativ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Loughlin FE,Mansfield RE,Vaz PM,McGrath AP,Setiyaputra S,Gamsjaeger R,Chen ES,Morris BJ,Guss JM,Mackay JP

更新日期：2009-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated synaptic currents were studied in dissociated primary cultures of neonatal rat cortex with the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Immunocytochemical staining of the cultures showed the presence of a large number of glutamic acid decarboxylase-containing neurons, and electrica...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vicini S,Alho H,Costa E,Mienville JM,Santi MR,Vaccarino FM

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the cytoplasm of well-spread cultured normal fibroblasts, actin is organized into a network of cables that run the length of the cell just inside the adherent cell membrane. A diffuse matrix replaces the cables in fibroblasts that have become tumorigenic as a result of oncogenic transformation. We have found a simi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kopelovich L,Conlon S,Pollack R

更新日期：1977-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Kitaev model with an applied magnetic field in the [Formula: see text] direction shows two transitions: from a nonabelian gapped quantum spin liquid (QSL) to a gapless QSL at [Formula: see text] and a second transition at a higher field [Formula: see text] to a gapped partially polarized phase, where K is the stre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Patel ND,Trivedi N

更新日期：2019-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:A likely mechanism of chromosomal rearrangement formation involves joining the ends from two different chromosomal double-strand breaks (DSBs). These events could potentially be mediated by either of two end-joining (EJ) repair pathways [canonical nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ) or alternative end joining (ALT-EJ)]...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bhargava R,Carson CR,Lee G,Stark JM

更新日期：2017-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The HB-19 pseudopeptide 5[Kpsi(CH(2)N)PR]-TASP, psi(CH(2)N) for reduced peptide bond, is a specific inhibitor of HIV infection in different CD4(+) cell lines and in primary T-lymphocytes and macrophages. It blocks virus-particle attachment to permissive cells by binding and forming a stable complex with nucleolin expr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Krust B,Vienet R,Cardona A,Rougeot C,Jacotot E,Callebaut C,Guichard G,Briand JP,Grognet JM,Hovanessian AG,Edelman L

更新日期：2001-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:NY-ESO-1 is a "cancer-testis" antigen frequently expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and is among the most immunogenic tumor antigens defined to date. In an effort to understand in vivo tolerance mechanisms, we assessed the phenotype and function of NY-ESO-1-specific CD8(+) T cells derived from peripheral blo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Matsuzaki J,Gnjatic S,Mhawech-Fauceglia P,Beck A,Miller A,Tsuji T,Eppolito C,Qian F,Lele S,Shrikant P,Old LJ,Odunsi K

更新日期：2010-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The CD4-8- thymocyte subset contains immature precursors for phenotypically and functionally mature CD4+8- and CD4-8+ thymocytes and peripheral T cells, as well as nonmature CD4+8+ thymocytes, most of which die in situ. The intrathymic death of most thymocytes is probably related to selective influences that ensure th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guidos CJ,Weissman IL,Adkins B

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The canonical function of the human telomerase protein (hTERT) is to synthesize telomeric DNA, but it has other biological activities, including enhancing cell proliferation, decreasing apoptosis, regulating DNA damage responses, and increasing cellular proliferative lifespan. The mechanistic relationships among these...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mukherjee S,Firpo EJ,Wang Y,Roberts JM

更新日期：2011-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Copper is a required metal nutrient for life, but global or local alterations in its homeostasis are linked to diseases spanning genetic and metabolic disorders to cancer and neurodegeneration. Technologies that enable longitudinal in vivo monitoring of dynamic copper pools can help meet the need to study the complex ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Heffern MC,Park HM,Au-Yeung HY,Van de Bittner GC,Ackerman CM,Stahl A,Chang CJ

更新日期：2016-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Hox5 genes (Hoxa5, Hoxb5, Hoxc5) are exclusively expressed in the lung mesenchyme during embryogenesis, and the most severe phenotypes result from constitutive loss of function of all three genes. Because Hox5 triple null mutants exhibit perinatal lethality, the contribution of this paralogous group to postembryonic l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hrycaj SM,Marty-Santos L,Cebrian C,Rasky AJ,Ptaschinski C,Lukacs NW,Wellik DM

更新日期：2018-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Mixed-metal oxides play a very important role in many areas of chemistry, physics, materials science, and geochemistry. Recently, there has been a strong interest in understanding phenomena associated with the deposition of oxide nanoparticles on the surface of a second (host) oxide. Here, scanning tunneling microscop...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park JB,Graciani J,Evans J,Stacchiola D,Ma S,Liu P,Nambu A,Sanz JF,Hrbek J,Rodriguez JA

更新日期：2009-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:A mammalian A-type cyclin, cyclin A1, is highly expressed in testes of both human and mouse and targeted mutagenesis in the mouse has revealed the unique requirement for cyclin A1 in the progression of male germ cells through the meiotic cell cycle. While very low levels of cyclin A1 have been reported in the human he...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liao C,Wang XY,Wei HQ,Li SQ,Merghoub T,Pandolfi PP,Wolgemuth DJ

更新日期：2001-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:In cerebellar granule neurons of neonatal rats micromolar concentrations of 7-chloro-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2, 4-benzothiadiazine S,S-dioxide (IDRA-21) and cyclothiazide, two negative modulators of the spontaneous agonist-dependent rapid desensitization of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Impagnatiello F,Oberto A,Longone P,Costa E,Guidotti A

更新日期：1997-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon monoxide (CO) synthesized by heme oxygenase 2 (HO2) and nitric oxide (NO) produced by neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) mediate nonadrenergic/noncholinergic (NANC) intestinal relaxation. In many areas of the gastrointestinal tract, NO and CO function as coneurotransmitters. In the internal anal sphincter (IAS), NANC ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Watkins CC,Boehning D,Kaplin AI,Rao M,Ferris CD,Snyder SH

更新日期：2004-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural environments can present diverse challenges, but some genotypes remain fit across many environments. Such "generalists" can be hard to evolve, outcompeted by specialists fitter in any particular environment. Here, inspired by the search for broadly neutralizing antibodies during B cell affinity maturation, we ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sachdeva V,Husain K,Sheng J,Wang S,Murugan A

更新日期：2020-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Peritoneal macrophages were obtained from DBA/2 mice that were untreated or after the injection of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), thioglycollate broth, proteose-peptone broth, or gamma-irradiated P-815 tumor cells. These macrophages were "activated" to become cytotoxic for a fibroblast cell line (L 929) by the additi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Blumenthal EJ,Roberts WK,Vasil A,Talmage DW

更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of pyrophosphate on RNA binding and ATPase activities of Escherichia coli transcription termination factor rho have been studied. Mutant rho-115 protein has a temperature-sensitive RNA-dependent ATPase activity due to the thermolability of binding to RNA [Kent, R.B. & Guterman, S.K. (1981) Fed. Proc. Fed. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kent RB,Guterman SK

更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00