Abstract：
:Recent studies have generated a four-system structure proposed as a replacement for Sokolov's unitary OR concept. This conceptualisation developed from a logical consideration of stimulus--response relationships based upon mean response magnitudes over subjects, and paid no attention to individual response types. It is conceivable that no individual subject exhibited responses compatible with such a formulation. This paper addressed that problem by using factor analysis as a means of descriptively summarising the data of each subject, and examining its compatibility with both unitary and four-system structures. Of 72 subjects, none exhibited a factor structure compatible with Sokolov's unitary concept, while 70 exhibited structures compatible with the four-system structure. These results support the validity of the structure proposed to replace the unitary OR.
journal_name
Biol Psycholjournal_title
Biological psychologyauthors
Barry RJdoi
10.1016/0301-0511(79)90045-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1979-05-01 00:00:00pages
161-78issue
3eissn
0301-0511issn
1873-6246journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Increasing evidence suggests that cross-frequency spectral coupling between slow (SW) and fast (FW) wave activity in the EEG supports information exchange between separate and functionally distinct neural systems. Further, evidence suggests that states of uncertainty, anticipation and anxious apprehension involve a hi...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.11.010
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by information processing biases, however, their underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. The goal of this review was to give a comprehensive overview of the most frequently studied EEG spectral and event-related potential (ERP) measures in social anxiety du...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.09.013
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study analyzes differences in blood pressure (BP) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in relation to trait worry. 36 high worry and 21 low worry females were selected from scores on the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Cardiovascular parameters were obtained during rest, a self-induced worry period, and defense refle...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.11.005
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic burnout refers to a syndrome caused by chronic stress. Clinical observations indicate that chronic burnout is associated with impaired cognitive functioning. However, there have been no systematic studies of the cognitive performance in chronic burnout patients. We have evaluated general cognitive ability, mem...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.08.003
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 25 adolescents in a modification of the odd-ball paradigm. On alternate blocks subjects were required to detect either a missing stimulus or a change in pitch, each of which occurred 17% of the time and was embedded in a series of background tone pips (66% occurrence)...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(84)90028-0
更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study we measured event-related potentials (ERPs) and evoked heart rate (EHR) to investigate performance monitoring in 10-12-year-old children. The children received feedback on their performance while conducting a probabilistic learning task. Error-related ERP components time-locked to the response increased ...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.07.006
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interoceptive accuracy is frequently assessed using the Heartbeat Counting Task (HCT), requiring participants to count the number of times their heart beats. The HCT validity has been questioned, as participants may perform the task by estimating, rather than counting, their felt heartbeats. Participants could estimat...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107904
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Elevated cortisol is recognized as a transient response to stress, and is also found among patients with major depressive disorder. Abnormally high levels of thyroxin are associated with nervousness and irritability, while very low levels are associated with lethargy. Therefore it is reasonable to ask if variations in...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(94)90007-8
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous research has suggested that reflex amplitude may be influenced by the direction of attention. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of an attention-demanding visual reaction time task upon the elicitation of reflexes and modification of reflexes by an antecedent prestimulus in young an...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(86)90022-0
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between habituation of the electrodermal orienting reaction (OR) and asymmetrical hemisphere functioning. Subjects were exposed to lateralized visual input with fear-relevant and neutral content. Skin conductance recordings were taken bilaterally. Th...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(82)90030-8
更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous research shows that dependent drinkers respond more strongly to alcohol-related cues and suggests that alcohol cue-reactivity may be relevant to understanding dependence liability. However, a significant weakness in many studies is the fact that cue-reactivity is studied without actually conditioning subjects...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0301-0511(99)00022-8
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Response to psychological stress can vary based on the extent to which the context is perceived as stressful, especially under different social conditions. The purpose of this preliminary study was to compare physiological stress (cortisol) and regulation (respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA) of 10-12 year old children ...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.12.010
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present research investigated the effects of miscuing a shock stimulus on dishabituation of the skin conductance response and on the allocation of processing resources. In both experiments, a control group received 21 S1-S2 pairings intermixed with 23 S3-alone presentations. For the experimental group, S2 was misc...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(90)90036-v
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sympathetic nervous activity plays a prominent role in acute stress responses in the immune system, enhancement of innate immunity and suppression of specific immunity. The present study was conducted to examine the temporal characteristics of such immune responses to acute stress and to determine their association wi...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.12.006
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blunted cardiovascular stress reactions may be a marker for poor behavioral regulation. The present study examined the association between heart rate reactivity and perseverance, operationalized as the failure to complete a subsequent follow-up assessment. The heart rate (using electrocardiography), cardiac output (us...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.06.001
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Comparison of the characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) records treated as realizations from a nonlinear process were compared under four different conditions: eyes shut resting, and three silent observation instructions to predict the patterns of randomly generated lights which illuminated every 10 seconds. T...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(90)90016-p
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extinction-resistant fear is considered to be a central feature of pathological anxiety. Here we sought to determine if individual differences in Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU), a potential risk factor for anxiety disorders, underlies compromised fear extinction. We tested this hypothesis by recording electrodermal a...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.05.001
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has long been known that the diameter of human pupil enlarges with increasing effort during the execution of a task. This has been observed not only for purely mechanical effort but also for mental effort, as for example the computation of arithmetic problems with different levels of difficulty. Here we show that p...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.10.002
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The object of this study was to explore the relevance of an amplitude threshold for defining alpha in biofeedback studies. One of the lowest thresholds used in earlier studies (1.5 microV) was selected and the EEG base level of 94 subjects measured. Due to the importance of reinforcement rate in biofeedback, results w...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(80)90021-6
更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evoked cortical potentials were recorded from rats reared in either a complex sensory environment or in isolation. Potentials from enriched animals showed a decrease in amplitude with repeated somatic stimuli, whereas those from isolated animals did not. One hour after this experiment both groups showed similar decrea...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(85)90038-9
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Viewing personally familiar and loved faces evokes a distinct pattern of brain activity as demonstrated by research employing imaging and electrophysiological methods. The aim of the current investigation was to study the perception of loved faces combined with recalling past emotional experiences using whole-head mag...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.09.014
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human behavior is influenced by three core personality systems: approach, avoidance, and supervisory control. The supervisory control system is inversely related to impulsivity. Although past research has related some aspects of impulsivity to frontal hemispheric asymmetry, impulsivity as a multi-faceted construct has...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.01.006
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Decreased heart rate variability and depression are both independent risk factors for cardiac mortality in clinical and non-clinical samples. The purpose of the current study is to examine the hypothesis that severity of depressive symptomatology is inversely associated with respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in a non...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.03.008
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to investigate the developmental programming part of the theory of biological sensitivity to context using family environmental factors and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning. Specifically, we investigated whether perceived parenting (Rejection and Emotional Warm...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.12.013
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pupillary size, pupillary light reflex and pupillary motility were measured every 15 min, for 10 continuous hours, in eight young adults. Time series constructed from the range of pupillary motility revealed 75 to 125 min rhythms; these were significantly out of phase with rhythms of similar periodicity in pupillary d...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(79)90022-x
更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The type of threat shown in an image influences the emotional salience of unpleasant images. Seventy-four participants (21 male) rated high threat, moderate threat, and neutral images featuring reptiles, firearms, or humans as electroencephalographic activity was recorded. The magnitude of P3b amplitudes coincided wit...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107788
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of selectively attending to specific combinations of stimulus location and color were measured by means of event-related brain potentials in a trial-by-trial cueing paradigm. A symbolic precue was presented at the beginning of each trial indicating the response-relevant position and color of an upcoming impera...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(95)05139-2
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study is a randomized controlled trial that aims to evaluate the efficacy of Neurofeedback compared to standard pharmacological intervention in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The final sample consisted of 23 children with ADHD (11 boys and 12 girls, 7-14 years old). Parti...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.09.009
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent development in the cognitive modelling of visual selective attention is the incorporation of design principles derived from the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the primate visual system. In this paper, we describe these recent 'neurocognitive' models in more detail, point out the underlying neurobiologica...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0301-0511(96)05228-3
更新日期：1997-03-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Past psychological theory and research suggest two opposing relationships between effort and reward valuation. Cognitive dissonance theory and research suggest that increased effort is associated with increased reward valuation, whereas theory and research on effort discounting suggest that increased effort is associa...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107910
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
