Abstract：
:Previous research has suggested that reflex amplitude may be influenced by the direction of attention. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of an attention-demanding visual reaction time task upon the elicitation of reflexes and modification of reflexes by an antecedent prestimulus in young and elderly adults. In young subjects, eyeblink inhibition was augmented by the task, yet there was no effect upon overall reflex amplitude. Elderly subjects showed no effect upon reflex inhibition while overall reflex amplitude was diminished by the task, independent of the amount of inhibition. In young subjects, the prestimulus also accentuated the initial decelerative component of a biphasic heart rate response. The reaction time task also served to augment this deceleration. The elderly heart rate response was not affected by the experimental conditions. These results provide evidence that reflex inhibition is modulated by attention. However, the relationship is complex, developmentally sensitive, and involves generalized attentive processes as well as selective attention toward specific stimuli or sensory modalities.
journal_name
Biol Psycholjournal_title
Biological psychologyauthors
Harbin TJ,Berg WKdoi
10.1016/0301-0511(86)90022-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-02-01 00:00:00pages
81-94issue
1eissn
0301-0511issn
1873-6246journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:When one of the two hemispheres directs visuospatial attention to some contralateral location, this may imply that inhibition is exerted on the other hemisphere. In the dual rapid serial visual presentation task, two targets (T1 and T2) occur among two different visual streams, rapidly presented left and right. We rep...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.02.008
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect that motivationally relevant stimuli have on processes of attentional engagement and disengagement was investigated during two modified peripheral cueing paradigms. Sexual, mutilation, threatening, and neutral stimuli served as peripheral cues in both experiments. Responses were made to target location in E...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.12.007
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In reply to Verleger's commentary, I first clarify what the term "MRP overlap" implies; by means of a simple additive simulation it is shown that overlap between a stable P300 and a MRP that moves in time with reaction-time, may cause two types of artefacts--amplitude reduction and double peaking of P300. Following Ve...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(88)90005-1
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The type of threat shown in an image influences the emotional salience of unpleasant images. Seventy-four participants (21 male) rated high threat, moderate threat, and neutral images featuring reptiles, firearms, or humans as electroencephalographic activity was recorded. The magnitude of P3b amplitudes coincided wit...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107788
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigated differences in ERP parameters related to intelligence. For that purpose 74 individuals (Intelligence: M=107; S.D.=12; range 73-135), of average creativity passively listened to two tones and performed two auditory, and two visual oddball tasks while their EEG was recorded. The approximat...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0301-0511(00)00076-4
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Personality assessment has been challenged by the fact that different assessment methods (implicit measures, behavioral measures and explicit rating scales) show little or no convergence in behavioral studies. In this neuroimaging study we address for the first time, whether different assessment methods rely on separa...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.06.012
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An opioid mechanism may help explain hypertensive hypoalgesia. A double-blind placebo-controlled design compared the effects of opioid blockade (naltrexone) and placebo on electrocutaneous pain threshold, pain tolerance, and retrospective McGill Pain Questionnaire ratings in 35 unmedicated patients with essential hype...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.10.006
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between habituation of the electrodermal orienting reaction (OR) and asymmetrical hemisphere functioning. Subjects were exposed to lateralized visual input with fear-relevant and neutral content. Skin conductance recordings were taken bilaterally. Th...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(82)90030-8
更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extinction-resistant fear is considered to be a central feature of pathological anxiety. Here we sought to determine if individual differences in Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU), a potential risk factor for anxiety disorders, underlies compromised fear extinction. We tested this hypothesis by recording electrodermal a...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.05.001
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) has been shown to play a role in variety of cognitive and social processes and different hypotheses have been put forth to explain OT's effects on brain and behavior in humans. However, these previous explanatory accounts do not provide information about OT-related temporal mod...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107917
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared individual differences in the ERP associated with incorrect responses in a discrimination task with other ERP components associated with attentional control and stimulus discrimination (N2, P3, CNV). Trials with errors that are detected by the subject normally produce a negativity (N(E)) immediately follow...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0301-0511(01)00080-1
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Response to psychological stress can vary based on the extent to which the context is perceived as stressful, especially under different social conditions. The purpose of this preliminary study was to compare physiological stress (cortisol) and regulation (respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA) of 10-12 year old children ...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.12.010
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to analyze the covert attentional time course in early body processing areas in women with high body concerns. Therefore, we assessed the effect of pictures of one's own body and other bodies as distractions from a demanding dot detection task in 24 women with low and 20 women with high body concerns....
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.02.010
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies on depression have found that childhood abuse (CA) is associated with a persistent sensitization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis to stress in adulthood. So far, it is unknown whether this HPA-axis sensitization is specific to depression, or whether this is a more general outcome asso...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.09.006
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research on deception focused on the investigation of event-related potentials (ERP) to facilitate our knowledge on cognitive-motivational processes underlying deception. We investigated the reliability of the frontal N2 amplitude in a modified Concealed Information Test (CIT) (N = 64 participants). Variations of Cron...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108026
更新日期：2021-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) symptoms demonstrate a marked persistence over time, but little is known empirically about short-term processes that may account for this long-term persistence. In this study, we examined how self-reported and physiological stress reactivity were associated with persistence of SAD symptom...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.03.003
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some experimental data demonstrate the existence of at least two different P300s distinguished by latency, topography and functional significance. These positive waves are preceded by a negative component which has been labelled N200. The purpose of this study was to analyze the modifications of these negative and pos...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(81)90036-3
更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thirty-two male subjects were divided into four groups based on their performance on the remote associates test and alternate uses test, two measures of creativity. Right EEG alpha presence was monitored under basal conditions, while subjects took tests of creativity and intelligence, and while they attempted to enhan...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(75)90011-3
更新日期：1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three independent studies are reported in which periods of "relaxation" (A) and presumed stressors (B) were given to female students in an ABA design. The "stressors" were: (1) obligatory time-wasting activity; (2) a mental "IQ" test; and (3) delivering a speech. Saliva was collected immediately after "relaxation" and...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(92)90006-g
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although there have been suggestions that altered cognitive control and food reward sensitivity contribute to overeating in obese individuals, neurophysiological correlates of these mechanisms have been poorly investigated. The current study investigated event-related potentials (ERP) in 24 severely obese and 26 norma...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107804
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:People with specific animal phobias react with increased autonomic activity when exposed to fear-relevant stimuli. The present study examined whether individuals having a less circumscribed fear (public speaking fear) also react with increased autonomic responses when exposed to fear-relevant i.e. social stimuli. A Hi...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(86)90001-3
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evolutionarily old threat stimuli are likely to require less conscious information processing than threat stimuli of a more recent date. To test this proposal two differential conditioning experiments, with biological threat stimuli (e.g. snakes) in half the groups and cultural threat stimuli (e.g. guns) in the other ...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.08.004
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Various ventilatory and metabolic parameters were monitored in 12 subjects while they performed each of three tasks: Voluntary cardiac acceleration with the aid of continuous heart rate feedback; a static hand-grip exercise at 1/3 maximum voluntary contraction; and a combined task involving both voluntary acceleration...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(83)90012-1
更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reward dysfunction has been implicated in a wide range of psychological disorders, including internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Basic neuroscience research has shown that reward is a multistage process, yet it is unclear how specific stages relate to individual differences in reward sensitivity. The curr...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.07.008
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study isolated and compared ERP components associated with flexible behavior in two action-control tasks. The 'withhold' groups had to withhold all responses when a signal appeared. The 'change' groups had to replace a prepotent go response with a different response on signal trials. We proposed that the s...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.10.005
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Log-transformed EEG power spectral estimates (6-7, 9,10-11,18-22, and 36-44 Hz), obtained from skilled marksmen and novice shooters at sites F3, F4, C3, C4,T3, T4, P3, P4, O1, and O2 during the aiming period (6 s) of a target shooting task for each of 40 trials up to the moment of trigger pull, were contrasted to dete...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0301-0511(00)00047-8
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Accumulating evidence suggests that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be conceptualized within a framework of reward processing impairments. The Social Motivation Theory of Autism posits that reduced motivation to interact with people and decreased pleasure derived from social interactions may derail typical social d...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.12.008
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purposes of this exploratory study were: (1) to describe a 2-h segment of the early-morning salivary cortisol levels of morning (M) and evening (E) types of healthy, day-active adults on one morning; and (2) to compare selected demographic and sleep characteristics. The sample consisted of 20 subjects, aged 23-39 ...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0301-0511(91)90009-6
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Comparisons between expectations and outcomes are critical for learning. Termed prediction errors, the violations of expectancy that occur when outcomes differ from expectations are used to modify value and shape behaviour. In the present study, we examined how a wide range of expectancy violations impacted neural sig...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.09.007
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the first experiment, somatosensory event-related potentials (SERPs) were recorded to tactile pulses and vibration bursts applied to the left middle finger in trains of 4-8 stimuli with 1 s intervals. In addition to the negative N140 deflection, also the positive P50, P100 and P300 waves attenuated in amplitude wit...
journal_title：Biological psychology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0301-0511(97)05249-6
更新日期：1997-08-22 00:00:00
