Abstract：
:In birds, a variety of subtotal thoracic spinal cord lesions were made to determine the spinal cord pathways essential for avian hind limb locomotion (bipedal walking). The various surgical disruptions included: section of the dorsal half of the cord, a hemisection, section of the dorsal cord and ventromedial funiculi, section of the dorsal cord ventrolateral funiculi, section of the entire thoracic cord except for one ventrolateral quadrant, section of the ventral half of the cord, and complete transection of the thoracic cord. The study compared the locomotion following these lesions in both chronic surviving and acutely decerebrated, brain stem-stimulated birds. Behavioral assessments and electromyographic recording techniques were used to evaluate locomotor activity. Our results showed that transectioning pathways within the dorsal cord did not hinder the activation and maintenance of self-supported walking in either preparation. However, sparing the spinal cord pathways within either the ventromedial or ventrolateral funiculi of the thoracic spinal cord was essential for the activation of self-supported walking in both preparations. When our findings are integrated with previous studies, medullary reticulospinal pathways (projecting through the ventral funiculi) are strongly implicated as a common descending projection for the activation of spinal cord locomotor networks and the initiation of locomotion. Similar findings have been found in quadrapedal mammals and, as a complement, birds may make an excellent model for the study of bipedal locomotion.
journal_name
Exp Neuroljournal_title
Experimental neurologyauthors
Sholomenko GN,Steeves JDdoi
10.1016/0014-4886(87)90148-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-02-01 00:00:00pages
403-18issue
2eissn
0014-4886issn
1090-2430pii
0014-4886(87)90148-8journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Extracellular single-unit responses of neurons in the ipsilateral pulvinar-lateral posterior complex were recorded in 10 encéphale isolé cats with stimulating electrodes implanted in the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pars lateralis. Fifteen percent of 101 pulvinar-lateral posterior complex thalamic neurons incr...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(88)90167-7
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both fresh and cryopreserved-thawed human fetal ventral mesencephalon have been used for preclinical research and implantation into the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease. Further characterization and an evaluation of the effects of cryopreservation on immunocytochemical and neurochemical markers of monoamine...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1993.1084
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutations in the human NOTCH3 gene cause cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), but the pathogenesis of CADASIL has remained unclear. Recently, endocytosis of the Notch ectodermal domain into ligand-expressing cells, called transendocytosis, has come to be...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.020
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extrinsic factors appear to contribute to the lack of regeneration in the injured adult spinal cord. It is likely that these extrinsic factors include a group of putative growth inhibitory molecules known as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). The aims of this study were to determine: (1) the consequences of sp...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1999.7184
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, we investigated whether cultured astrocytes derived from adult neural precursor cells (NPCs) obtained from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of wobbler mice display metabolic traits of the wobbler astrocytes in situ and in primary culture. We also utilized NPC-derived astrocytes as a tool to investig...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.06.008
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Potassium and caffeine contractures of isolated small bundles (100 to 200 micron diameter) of muscle fibers isolated from the diaphragm of normal and dystrophic (C57BL/6J dy2J/dy2J) mice were compared. In diaphragms of pathologic mice (3 to 5 months old) the resting potential, the characteristics of the twitch, and so...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(84)90126-2
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The piriform cortex is recognized to play critical roles in focal ictogenesis, both in animal models and in humans. We review here the contribution of in vitro studies performed on rodent brain tissue that were aimed at understanding the ictogenic properties of the piriform cortex and the contiguous olfactory areas. D...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113014
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hph-1 mice have defective tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis and share many neurochemical similarities with l-dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) in humans. In both, there are deficiencies in GTP cyclohydrolase I and low brain levels of dopamine (DA). Striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels are decreased while the numb...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.08.022
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The claim that AlCl3 could produce 100% inhibition of cerebrospinal fluid secretion was investigated using ventriculocisternal perfusion in the rabbit, and it was shown that a large part of this inhibition was an artefact due to a pH sensitivity of Blue Dextran, used as an indiffusible marker, caused by AlCl3. Thus th...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(87)90253-6
更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors (ARs) are involved in the facilitation of the monosynaptic jaw-closing reflex in the trigeminal motor nucleus (MoV) caused by norepinephrine (NE). The amplitude of muscle spindle afferent-evoked EPSPs in masseter motor neurons is 65% greater when noradrenergic axons to the mot...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(91)90038-e
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the common brain diseases in middle-aged and elderly people, with high disability and/or mortality rate, and is a serious public health concern. Both WNK3 kinase and the WNK3/SPAK/NKCC1 signaling pathway play an integral role in maintaining normal cell homeostasis. However, ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113386
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blood flow in the feline thoracic spinal cord was measured, using a laser-Doppler flowmetry. Rhythmic changes in the spinal cord blood flow were repeatedly observed with a frequency of about three to eight cycles per minute, unrelated to the respiratory or cardiac cycles. These changes were unaffected by hypertension ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(88)90009-x
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We previously showed that overexpressing the 70-kDa inducible heat shock protein in primary astrocyte cultures and in a rodent stroke model using viral vectors resulted in protection from ischemia and ischemia-like injury. However, viral transfection could potentially provoke a stress response itself; therefore, we ex...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.2000.7614
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biochemical, physiological, and anatomical studies over the past 30 years have firmly established glutamate (Glu) as the major neurotransmitter of those cortical neurons which give rise to corticofugal pathways. In the present study we utilized immunohistochemistry, with an antibody directed against Glu, in conjunctio...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(89)90169-6
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myelinated axons efficiently transmit information over long distances. The apposed myelin sheath confers favorable electrical properties, but restricts access of the axon to its extracellular milieu. Therefore, axonal metabolic support may require specific axo-myelinic communication. Here we explored activity-dependen...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.10.006
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) synthesizing neurons at the caudal border of the thalamus and in the lateral pons project to areas rich in its receptor, the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2R). These areas include many involved in processing nociceptive information. Here we examined the potential ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.08.004
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The retrograde axonal transport mechanism of motor neurons has been exploited to deliver the gene encoding Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) into the central nervous system to provide trophic support following injury. A nonviral gene delivery system, consisting of a monoclonal antibody (MC192) that bi...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.05.027
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic and protein studies have indicated abnormalities in alpha-synuclein in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the developmental localization and cellular role of synuclein isoforms is contentious. We investigated the cellular localization of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-synuclein in developing cultured rat neurons a...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-4886(03)00108-0
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The threshold current required for the excitation of visual cortex neurons in the vicinity (approximately 1 mm) of an intracortical stimulating electrode was measured as a function of the stimulus pulse duration in the anesthetized cat. For cortical neurons with latencies of activation from 0.4 to 3.4 ms and for stimu...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(83)90270-4
更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Damage to the medial frontal cortex in rats results in a learning deficit on a reinforced alternation task. The rate of recovery from this deficit was accelerated by transplantation of either adult or embryonic frontal cortex, provided that a delay was introduced between injury and transplantation. The rates of recove...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(86)90241-4
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Indirect epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest that the severity of injury during stroke is influenced by prior sleep history. The aim of our study was to test the effect of acute sleep deprivation on early outcome following experimental stroke. Young male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=20) were subjected to focal...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.12.023
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the polymerization of wild-type (WT) or mutant alpha-synuclein (AS) into aggregates and fibrils, which are observed as Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs) in PD patients. However, inability to demonstrate aggregation in many cell culture systems is a major drawback fo...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.10.019
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Embryonic substantia nigra grafts partially reinnervate the dopamine-denervated corpus striatum when implanted adjacent to that structure. This reinnervation is generally limited to a small portion of the denervated striatum and does not completely compensate for the behavioral effects of a 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(87)90151-8
更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Astrocytes react to CNS injury by building a dense wall of filamentous processes around the lesion. Stromal cells quickly take up residence in the lesion core and synthesize connective tissue elements that contribute to fibrosis. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells proliferate within the lesion and entrap dystrophic axon ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.12.024
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxaliplatin is first-line chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, but produces dose-limiting neurotoxicity. Acute neurotoxicity following infusion produces symptoms including cold-triggered fasciculations and cramps, with subsequent chronic neuropathy developing at higher cumulative doses. Axonal excitability studies were...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.10.002
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:C2 spinal cord hemisection results in synaptic and astroglial changes in the phrenic nucleus which have been associated with the recovery of the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm during expression of the crossed phrenic phenomenon. As part of our ongoing analysis of the neurotransmitters involved, the present study investigat...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1999.7238
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cerebral ischemia caused by loss of blood supply to the brain during cardiac arrest or stroke are major causes of death and disability. Biological sex is an important factor in predicting vulnerability of the brain to an ischemic insult, with males being at higher risk for cardio-cerebrovascular events than females of...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.02.004
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electromyograms from the flexor and extensor muscles of normal human elbows were simultaneously recorded during maximal-effort isokinetic movement at 15 degrees/s over the joint's full range of motion. The antagonist electromyogram was normalized with respect to its electromyogram when acting as agonist at maximal eff...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(88)90032-5
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent survival factor for motoneurons (MNs), and is considered a potential agent for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other MN diseases. The effectiveness of GDNF may depend significantly upon its route of delivery to MNs. In this study w...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.08.028
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have treated spinal cord injured rats with demyelination plus Schwann cell transplantation and assessed neurite outgrowth in a quantifiable model of axonal regeneration. Axonal injuries of differing severity were induced in the dorsal funiculus of adult rats using a micromanipulator-controlled Scouten knife. Demyel...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1999.7100
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
