Abstract:
:Two types of benzodiazepine receptors have been identified in the central nervous system. The aim of these experiments was to determine if ligands for these receptors alter basal water absorption by rat ileum in vivo after central administration. Specifically, the effects on net water flux of the systemic and central administration of diazepam and the central administration of RO 5-4864, a "peripheral" receptor agonist, and of the "central" receptor agonists clonazepam and lorazepam were determined. Diazepam increased absorption at 4.3 mg/250 g body wt i.p. but not at 430 micrograms/250 g body wt. Intracerebroventricular diazepam (28 micrograms) increased water absorption. Larger doses had a greater effect. Intracerebroventricular RO 5-4864 (100 micrograms) increased net water absorption; intracerebroventricular lorazepam (50 or 100 micrograms) or clonazepam (100 micrograms) reduced basal water absorption. Systemic atropine (2 mg/kg i.v.) abolished the effect of lorazepam (100 micrograms i.c.v.). To evaluate the possibility that diazepam and RO 5-4864 have effects similar to those of calcium channel antagonists, nifedipine, nitrendipine, and diltiazem were administered intracerebroventricularly. The dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists nifedipine and nitrendipine increased basal water absorption. Diltiazem, a benzothiazepine compound, did not alter basal water absorption. We conclude that the binding of benzodiazepine agonists to receptors located in the central nervous system alters net water absorption by the rat ileum. Agonists of the central benzodiazepine receptor reduce basal water absorption via a cholinergic neural pathway. Peripheral agonists increase net water absorption. In this model, diazepam behaves as a peripheral receptor agonist. This study provides further evidence of a role for the central nervous system in the regulation of intestinal absorption of water and ions.
journal_name
Gastroenterologyjournal_title
Gastroenterologyauthors
Fogel R,Michelson G,Senler T,Marshall D,Brown T,Gaginella Tdoi
10.1016/0016-5085(87)91023-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-08-01 00:00:00pages
330-4issue
2eissn
0016-5085issn
1528-0012pii
0016-5085(87)91023-7journal_volume
93pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
GASTROENTEROLOGY文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Serotonin transporter (SERT) plays a critical role in regulating serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) availability in the gut. Elevated 5-HT levels are associated with diarrheal conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome and enteric infections. Whether alteration in SERT activity contributes to the...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.09.002
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gastrointestinal loss of plasma is usually measured with radiolabeled macromolecules. These methods are expensive and cumbersome. The use of alpha 1-antitrypsin as an endogenous marker and the determination of alpha 1-antitrypsin fecal clearance enable the diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy. alpha 1-Antitrypsin i...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Prostacyclin and nitric oxide have been involved in the hyperkinetic syndrome in portal hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative contribution and possible interaction between prostacyclin and NO in this circulatory abnormality. METHODS:Portal vein-ligated and sham-operated ...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/gast.1996.v110.pm8613060
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Corticofugal pathways to the human esophagus have been recently identified in humans using transcranial magnetic stimulation. The aim of this study was to determine the topographic representation of the esophagus on the cerebral cortex. METHODS:Focal magnetic stimulation of 1-cm areas was performed o...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(96)70053-7
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:The comparative effectiveness of sigmoidoscopy and fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is unknown. METHODS:Individuals aged 50-74 years living in Southeast Norway were randomly invited between 2012 and 2019 to either once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy or FIT screeni...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.11.037
更新日期:2020-11-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:There is controversy over the optimal management strategy for patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Studies have shown a hospital volume benefit for in-hospital mortality after surgery, and we examined whether a similar mortality benefit exists for patients admitted with AP. METHODS:Using the Nation...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.08.056
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute self-limited liver disease has been associated with tetracycline use. However, severe prolonged cholestatic hepatitis and bile duct paucity have not been previously attributed to tetracyclines. Hepatitis, characterized by prolonged jaundice, severe pruritus, and moderate increased transaminase values, occurred w...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0016-5085(94)90830-3
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To clarify the role of fat maldigestion in the pathogenesis of steatorrhea in patients with ileal resection the total and aqueous phase concentrations of bile acid and fatty acid were characterized in 8 such patients (5 patients with small ileal resection, bile acid diarrhea, and steatorrhea less than 20 g per day; 3 ...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although long-term parenteral nutrition is lifesaving in patients with intestinal failure, it is expensive and associated with serious complications such as catheter sepsis, venous occlusions, and liver failure and severely impairs the quality of life in the short bowel patients. Therefore, treatments that increase th...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.09.068
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:To influence host and disease phenotype, compositional microbiome changes, which have been demonstrated in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), must be accompanied by functional changes. We therefore aimed to characterize the genetic potential of the gut microbiome in PSC compared to ...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.058
更新日期:2020-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::Receptor-dependent and -independent regulation of gastrin secretion from cultured human antral G cells was investigated. Human antral mucosal cell preparations that were enriched for G cells were obtained by sequential incubations with collagenase and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, centrifugal elutriation, and short...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0016-5085(90)91226-v
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Growth, progression, and drug resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) have been associated with increased levels and activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). We designed and synthesized molecules that simultaneously inhibit the activities of...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.08.028
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To explore the metabolic aspects of chronic liver disease, diurnal changes of arterial ketone body ratio (acetoacetate/3-hydroxybutyrate), reflecting hepatic mitochondrial redox potential, were investigated in normal subjects, patients with chronic liver disease (Child's class A or B), and patients with hepatic failur...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:The gastric mucosa is covered by a continuous layer of bicarbonate-containing mucus gel; the question arises how acid, formed in the gastric glands, moves into the lumen. METHODS:The pH in the gastric mucus gel and gel thickness were measured in anesthetized rats with pH-sensitive microelectrodes (tip ...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0016-5085(94)90075-2
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Several studies have shown that signaling via the interleukin 23 (IL23) receptor is required for development of colitis. We studied the roles of IL23, dietary factors, alterations to the microbiota, and T cells in the development and progression of colitis in mice. METHODS:All mice were maintained on...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.034
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:It has been proposed that activation of the sympathetic nervous system causes a rightward shift in the renal autoregulatory curve such that renal blood flow is critically dependent on renal perfusion pressure and that this contributes to the development of the hepatorenal syndrome. The aims of the stu...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.10.055
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Narcotic bowel syndrome (NBS) is a subset of opioid bowel dysfunctions that results from prolonged treatment with narcotics and is characterized by chronic abdominal pain. NBS is under-recognized and its molecular mechanisms are unknown. We aimed to (1) develop a rat model of NBS and (2) to investigat...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.03.046
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Patients with cirrhosis are characterized by a reduced splanchnic vascular resistance and a hyporeactivity to adrenergic vasoconstrictors. So far, their adrenergic splanchnic vascular responsiveness has not been evaluated in vitro. We compared responses to alpha1- and beta2-adrenoceptor stimulation of...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(99)70136-8
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Based on experimental and epidemiologic studies, we investigated whether coffee and caffeine consumption reduced the risk of elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in persons at high risk for liver injury in a national, population-based study. METHODS:Participants were 5944 adults in the Th...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.09.075
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::One hundred symptomatic patients with radiolucent gallbladder stones were treated with a new piezoelectric lithotripter and oral chemolitholytic agents. Stone disintegration was achieved in 99 of these patients (99%) with a mean (+/- SD) maximum fragment size of 5.1 +/- 4.1 mm. Significant differences were found when ...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0016-5085(90)91173-4
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:This study examined the possible role of endotoxinemia (from increased gut permeability) as an additional trigger factor for overt pancreatic disease and as a promoter of chronic pancreatic injury in alcoholics by using a rat model of chronic alcohol feeding and in vitro experiments with cultured panc...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.062
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Morphologic and physiologic experiments in rodents have demonstrated differences between jejunal and ileal fat absorption. Compared with the rat jejunum, absorbed lipid particles within rat ileal absorptive cells are larger and exit at a slower rate. To evaluate the relevance of these observations to humans, we studie...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0016-5085(88)90676-2
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Carcinomas of the extrahepatic bile ducts, ampulla of Vater, and duodenum are uncommon, and their epigenetic and genetic alterations are not well characterized. METHODS:We therefore compared the methylation profile and genetic alterations in 18 extrahepatic biliary, 9 ampullary, and 12 duodenal carci...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(03)00278-6
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Hepatic bile salt secretion is an essential function of vertebrate liver. Rat and mouse bile salt export pump (Bsep) are adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent bile salt transporters. Mutations in human BSEP were identified as the cause of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2. BSEP pro...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/gast.2002.36587
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:The effects of aging on pancreatic acinar cell proliferation have not been clearly defined. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-mediated phosphorylation of Akt is a critical step for proliferation of various cell types and insulin secretion from pancreatic endocrine cells; however, its role in acinar...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.03.016
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Congenital diarrheal disorders are rare inherited intestinal disorders characterized by intractable, sometimes life-threatening, diarrhea and nutrient malabsorption; some have been associated with mutations in diacylglycerol-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), which catalyzes formation of triacylglycerol from ...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.03.040
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The noninvasive assessment of intestinal permeability in humans has a 20-year history. Because the tests are increasingly used in clinical practice and research and because there is much controversy, we reviewed the literature and outlined the potential and possible shortcomings of these procedures. Data was obtained ...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0016-5085(95)90708-4
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a series of in vitro studies, both the soluble (plasmatic) coagulation system and the cellular (platelet-mediated) aspect of coagulation were shown to be extremely sensitive to relatively minor increases in hydrogen ion concentration. All studies became abnormal at pH 6.8. At pH 6.4, assays of the intrinsic and ext...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:The neuropeptide somatostatin exerts multiple functions in the gastrointestinal tract and may also play a regulatory role in inflammatory bowel disease, as several other neuropeptides do, e.g., substance P or calcitonin gene-related peptide. Therefore, the expression of somatostatin receptors was evalua...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0016-5085(94)90754-4
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND & AIMS:Human cervical cancer oncogene (HCCR-1) has appeared to act as a negative regulator of p53 and contributes to tumorigenesis of various organs including the colon. We identified the HCCR-1 binding protein deleted in polyposis 1 (DP1) and accessed the role of HCCR-1 and DP1 in colon tumorigenesis. METH...
journal_title:Gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.03.055
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00