Abstract:
:I have determined the nucleotide sequence of the ampicillin resistance gene of pBR322, an Escherichia coli plasmid that encodes a penicillin beta-lactamase. This gene codes for a protein of 286 amino acid residues. The first 23 amino acids presumably form a signal for secretion, because they do not appear in the mature enzyme, whose partial amino acid sequence has been determined independently.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Sutcliffe JGdoi
10.1073/pnas.75.8.3737subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1978-08-01 00:00:00pages
3737-41issue
8eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
75pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Cyclic GMP (cGMP) is an important second messenger in eukaryotes. It is formed by guanylyl cyclases (GCs), members of the nucleotidyl cyclases class III, which also comprises adenylyl cyclases (ACs) from most organisms. To date, no structures of eukaryotic GCs are available, and all bacterial class III proteins were f...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0808473105
更新日期:2008-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::Sulfur assimilation is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that plays an essential role in cellular and metabolic processes, including sulfation, amino acid biosynthesis, and organismal development. We report that loss of a key enzymatic component of the pathway, bisphosphate 3'-nucleotidase (Bpnt1), in mice, both who...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1715302115
更新日期:2018-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is central to the metabolic actions of insulin on liver. Here, we show that mice with a liver-specific deletion of the p85alpha regulatory subunit of PI3K (L-Pik3r1KO) exhibit a paradoxical improvement of hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Although PI3K enzymatic a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0604628103
更新日期:2006-08-08 00:00:00
abstract::Point mutations in either of the two nucleotide-binding domains (NBD) of Hsp104 (NBD1 and NBD2) eliminate its thermotolerance function in vivo. In vitro, NBD1 mutations virtually eliminate ATP hydrolysis with little effect on hexamerization; analogous NBD2 mutations reduce ATPase activity and severely impair hexameriz...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.031568098
更新日期:2001-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::Glutamate transport by the excitatory amino acid carrier EAAC1 is known to be reversible. Thus, glutamate can either be taken up into cells, or it can be released from cells through reverse transport, depending on the electrochemical gradient of the co- and countertransported ions. However, it is unknown how fast and ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0704570104
更新日期:2007-11-13 00:00:00
abstract::Biologists regularly search databases of DNA or protein sequences for evolutionary or functional relationships to a given query sequence. We describe a ranking algorithm that exploits the entire network structure of similarity relationships among proteins in a sequence database by performing a diffusion operation on a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0308067101
更新日期:2004-04-27 00:00:00
abstract::Networks are widely used in the biological, physical, and social sciences as a concise mathematical representation of the topology of systems of interacting components. Understanding the structure of these networks is one of the outstanding challenges in the study of complex systems. Here we describe a general techniq...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0610537104
更新日期:2007-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::C-tail-anchored (TA) proteins often require a transmembrane domain of moderate hydrophobicity to maintain their endoplasmic reticulum residence, but the suggested role of protein-lipid interactions in this phenomenon has not been established. Here, we studied the interaction of TA proteins with lipids by differential ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0508157102
更新日期:2005-11-08 00:00:00
abstract::Mutation of the p53 gene is one of the most frequent genetic changes found in human cancers. Recent experiments indicated that p53 might contain a transcription-activating domain, which functions when directed to a promoter. This study shows that wild-type p53 suppresses transcription of the retinoblastoma (Rb) gene. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5206
更新日期:1992-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Stimulation of catecholamine release was studied in the isolated adrenal of the cat during retrograde perfusion. Theophylline, adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP), and dibutyryl-cyclic AMP stimulated catecholamine release in adrenal chromaffin tissue; adenosine, 2'-AMP, 3'-AMP, and 5'-AMP were ineffectiv...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.69.4.834
更新日期:1972-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent research on rainforest speciation has highlighted the importance of habitat variation in generating population diversification but lacks evidence of an associated reduction in gene flow. This paper describes a study in which molecular markers were used to examine the effects of allopatric divergence and habitat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.212248499
更新日期:2002-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::The study of the metabolome presents numerous challenges, first among them being the cataloging of its constituents. A step in this direction will be the development of tools to identify metabolites that share common structural features. The importance of sulfated molecules in cell-cell communication motivated us to d...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.252514899
更新日期:2002-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::Replication of the single-stranded DNA genome of geminiviruses occurs via a double-stranded intermediate that is subsequently used as a template for rolling-circle replication of the viral strand. Only one of the proteins encoded by the virus, here referred to as replication initiator protein (Rep protein), is indispe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.9.3879
更新日期:1995-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding protein-protein interactions is central to our understanding of almost all complex biological processes. Computational tools exploiting rapidly growing genomic databases to characterize protein-protein interactions are urgently needed. Such methods should connect multiple scales from evolutionary conserv...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1607570113
更新日期:2016-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::High-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism genomic microarray (SNP-chip) is a useful tool to define gene dosage levels over the whole genome, allowing precise detection of deletions and duplications/amplifications of chromosomes in cancer cells. We found that this new technology can also identify breakpoints of ch...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0711039105
更新日期:2008-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::Some monocytes normally take up residence in tissues as sessile macrophages, but others differentiate into migratory cells resembling dendritic cells that emigrate to lymph nodes. In an in vitro model of a vessel wall, lipid mediators lysophosphatidic acid and platelet-activating factor, whose signals are implicated i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0403259101
更新日期:2004-08-10 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular recognition by proteins is fundamental to molecular biology. Dissection of the thermodynamic energy terms governing protein-ligand interactions has proven difficult, with determination of entropic contributions being particularly elusive. NMR relaxation measurements have suggested that changes in protein con...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1621154114
更新日期:2017-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that the helical RecA nucleoprotein filament formed on a circular single strand of DNA causes the progressive, directional transfer of a complementary strand from naked linear duplex DNA to the nucleoprotein filament, even when the duplex contains a sizable heterologous insertion. Since Rec...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.16.7596
更新日期:1992-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness for individuals age 50 and above in the developed world. Abnormal growth of choroidal blood vessels, or choroidal neovascularization (CNV), is a hallmark of the neovascular (wet) form of advanced AMD and leads to significant vision loss. A gr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1620898114
更新日期:2017-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::Inherited deficiencies of the enzymes adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase; EC 3.5.4.4) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (purine-nucleoside:orthophosphate ribosyltransferase; EC 2.4.2.1) preferentially interfere with lymphocyte development while sparing most other organ systems. Previous experiments have s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.12.5677
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many neurotransmitters are known to regulate neuronal cell function by means of activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and phosphorylation of neuronal substrate proteins, including transcription factors and ion channels. Here, we have characterized the gene expression of two isoforms of a protein kinase inh...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.5.1734
更新日期:1995-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::We recently reported the hemochromatosis-like phenotype observed in our Usf2 knockout mice. In these mice, as in murine models of hemochromatosis and patients with hereditary hemochromatosis, iron accumulates in parenchymal cells (in particular, liver and pancreas), whereas the reticuloendothelial system is spared fro...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.072632499
更新日期:2002-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::We show that it is possible to direct particles entrained in a fluid along trajectories much like rays of light in classical optics. A microstructured, asymmetric post array forms the core hydrodynamic element and is used as a building block to construct microfluidic metamaterials and to demonstrate refractive, focusi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0712398105
更新日期:2008-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::The substitution pattern of anthocyanin pigments is a main determinant of flower color. Flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) is a cytochrome P450 enzyme (Cyt P450) that catalyzes the 3', 5'-hydroxylation of dihydroflavonols, the precursors of purple anthocyanins. Species such as rose and carnation lack F3'5'H activity...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.2.778
更新日期:1999-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::RNA interference (RNAi) is a widely used method for analysis of gene function in tissue culture cells. However, to date there has been no reliable method for testing the specificity of any particular RNAi experiment. The ideal experiment is to rescue the phenotype by expression of the target gene in a form refractory ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0409861102
更新日期:2005-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::The retroviral integrase protein (IN) is responsible for catalyzing a concerted integration reaction in which the two termini of linear viral DNA are joined to host DNA. To probe the potential for IN to form protein multimers, we used the yeast two-hybrid system. The coexpression of a GAL4 DNA binding domain-IN fusion...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.22.10593
更新日期:1993-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::DNA vaccines, comprised of plasmid DNA encoding proteins from pathogens, allergens, and tumors, are being evaluated as prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic treatments for infectious diseases, allergies, and cancer; plasmids encoding normal human proteins are likewise being tested as vaccines and treatments for autoim...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1073/pnas.0404845101
更新日期:2004-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::Replication through damaged sites in DNA requires in Escherichia coli the SOS stress-inducible DNA polymerase V (UmuC), which is specialized for lesion bypass. Homologs of the umuC gene were found on native conjugative plasmids, which often carry multiple antibiotic-resistant genes. MucB is a UmuC homolog present on p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.200361997
更新日期:2000-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::The deadly neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX) is found in a variety of animal phyla and, because of its toxicity, is most often assumed to deter predation. On the tropical Pacific island of Guam, we found an undescribed flatworm (planocerid sp. 1) that contains high levels of TTX and its analogs. Through ecological experim...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0506093103
更新日期:2006-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Spontaneous reciprocal mitotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, associated with heteroallelic recombination, occurs almost exclusively at the two-strand stage and involves recombination of unduplicated chromosomes (i.e., during G1) or the unduplicated regions of chromosomes during the S phase of mi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.9.4436
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00