Abstract:
:The feasibility of long-term information storage by brain type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase molecules is explored. Recent evidence indicates that this protein has switch-like properties. Equations are derived showing that a single kinase holoenzyme could form a bistable switch having the stability necessary to encode long-term memory, and that a group of kinase molecules, such as that contained within the postsynaptic density, could form a device capable of storing graded information.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Lisman JE,Goldring MAdoi
10.1073/pnas.85.14.5320subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-07-01 00:00:00pages
5320-4issue
14eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
85pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The sequence of oligonucleotides produced by the action of bleomycin and ferrous ion on double- and single-stranded DNA has been determined. In the presence of ferrous ion, bleomycin promotes cleavage at G-T and G-C sequences, while high concentrations of ferrous ion alone result in strand scission that is not base sp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.12.5983
更新日期:1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The apoprotein corresponding to the mammalian photoreceptor rhodopsin has been expressed by using suspension cultures of HEK293S cells in defined media that contained 6-15N-lysine and 2-13C-glycine. Typical yields were 1.5-1.8 mg/liter. Incorporation of 6-15N-lysine was quantitative, whereas that of 2-13C-glycine was ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.2.487
更新日期:1999-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::A synthetic peptide composed of the first 22 amino acid residues of the Drosophila Shaker K+ channel inhibits a voltage-gated K+ channel in basolateral membrane vesicles from Necturus enterocytes reconstituted in planar phospholipid bilayers when added to the solution bathing the inner surface of this channel but not ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.5.1770
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In contrast to the Hox genes in arthropods and vertebrates, those in molluscs show diverse expression patterns with differences reported among lineages. Here, we investigate 2 phylogenetically distant molluscs, a gastropod and a polyplacophoran, and show that the Hox expression in both species can be divided into 2 ca...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1907328117
更新日期:2020-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular Ca(2+) release in many types of cells is mediated by ryanodine receptor Ca(2+) release channels (RyRCs) that are assembled into two-dimensional paracrystalline arrays in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum. However, the in situ operating mechanism of the RyRC array is unknown. Here, we found that the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0306157101
更新日期:2004-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, surface-sensitive spectroscopy data and molecular dynamics simulations have generated intense interest in the distribution of electrolyte ions between bulk water and the air/water interface. A partitioning model for cations and anions developed for biopolymer surface is extended here to interpret the effects...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0606256103
更新日期:2006-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::Variation in the masticatory behavior of hunter-gatherer and agricultural populations is hypothesized to be one of the major forces affecting the form of the human mandible. However, this has yet to be analyzed at a global level. Here, the relationship between global mandibular shape variation and subsistence economy ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1113050108
更新日期:2011-12-06 00:00:00
abstract::The cat tongue is covered in sharp, rear-facing spines called papillae, the precise function of which is a mystery. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we use high-speed film, grooming force measurements, and computed tomography (CT) scanning to elucidate the mechanism by which papillae are used to gr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2018-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::One of the serious limitations of tokamaks as reactors is the occurrence of disruptions. Stellarators designed by advanced computational methods provide an attractive alternative for a major experiment in magnetic fusion research. Configurations with approximate two-dimensional magnetic symmetry have been found with h...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.3.972
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::For decades, scientists have debated whether supercooled liquids stop flowing below a glass transition temperature [Formula: see text] or whether motion continues to slow gradually down to zero temperature. Answering this question is challenging because human time scales set a limit on the largest measurable viscosity...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1705978114
更新日期:2017-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::The enormous complexity of biological networks has led to the suggestion that networks are built of modules that perform particular functions and are "reused" in evolution in a manner similar to reusable domains in protein structures or modules of electronic circuits. Analysis of known biological networks has revealed...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0510258103
更新日期:2006-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::31P nuclear magnetic relaxation rates for phosphocreatine in intact frog gastrocnemius were compared with those observed in model solutions at 4 degrees, a temperature at which muscle maintains its physiological state for at least 5 hr. Both nuclear Overhauser effect and spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T1) experiments...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.10.4271
更新日期:1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)-mediated G(1) arrest previously has been shown to specifically target inactivation of cyclin D:cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 4/6 complexes. We report here that TGF-beta-treated human HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells arrest in G(1), but retain continued cyclin D:Cdk4/6 act...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.26.14961
更新日期:1999-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Recent research has emphasized the importance of the metabolic cluster, which includes glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure, as a strong predictor of the obesity-related morbidities and premature mortality. Fundamental to this association, commonly referred to as the metabolic syndrome, is the cl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.26.14478
更新日期:2000-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::Chromosome segregation and mitotic exit are initiated by the 1.2-MDa ubiquitin ligase APC/C (anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome) and its coactivator CDC20 (cell division cycle 20). To avoid chromosome missegregation, APC/C(CDC20) activation is tightly controlled. CDC20 only associates with APC/C in mitosis when APC/...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1604929113
更新日期:2016-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::Chicken erythrocyte nuclei have been labeled in the active regions of the chromosome by using the nick translation reaction. In this procedure, accessible areas of the genome are preferentially nicked by the action of pancreatic DNase I and subsequently labeled by using DNA polymerase I from Escherichia coli. These nu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.4.1787
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Japanese firefly squid, Watasenia scintillans, emits intense flashes of light from three tiny luminous organs that are located at the tip of each of a pair of ventral arms. Light is also produced from hundreds of other minute organs that are scattered over the body. The luminescence is due to an ATP-dependent reac...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.14.4629
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The NIFA protein of Klebsiella pneumoniae is required for transcription of all nif (nitrogen fixation) operons except the regulatory nifLA operon itself. NIFA activates transcription of nif operons by the alternative holoenzyme form of RNA polymerase, sigma 54-holoenzyme, in a nucleoside triphosphate (NTP)-dependent m...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.1.103
更新日期:1994-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::The AF-6 protein is a multidomain protein that contains two potential Ras-binding domains within its N terminus. Because of this feature, AF-6 has been isolated in both two-hybrid and biochemical approaches and is postulated to be a potential Ras-effector protein. Herein, we show that it is specifically the first Ras-...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.16.9064
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant germ cells develop in specialized haploid structures, termed gametophytes. The female gametophyte patterns of flowering plants are diverse, with often unknown adaptive value. Here we present the Arabidopsis fiona mutant, which forms a female gametophyte that is structurally and functionally reminiscent of a phyl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:2010-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Fluids may store and manipulate information, enabling complex applications ranging from digital logic gates to algorithmic self-assembly. While controllable hydrodynamic chaos has previously been observed in viscous fluids and harnessed for efficient mixing, its application to the manipulation of digital information h...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1721852115
更新日期:2018-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteriophytochromes sense light in the near-infrared window, the spectral region where absorption by mammalian tissues is minimal, and their chromophore, biliverdin IXα, is naturally present in animal cells. These properties make bacteriophytochromes particularly attractive for optogenetic applications. However, the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1324301111
更新日期:2014-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Activating region I of GAL4 protein is a stretch of amino acids, positioned adjacent to the DNA-binding region, that activates transcription in yeast and, as we show here, in mammalian cells. Here we describe mutations located throughout a 65-amino acid region that increase the activation function of region I. Most of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.6.2127
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reaction of the normal isomer of [B20H18]2- and the protected thiol anion, [SC(O)OC(CH3)3]-, produces an unexpected isomer of [B20H17SC(O)OC(CH3)3]4- directly and in good yield. The isomer produced under mild conditions is characterized by an apical-apical boron atom intercage connection as well as the location of the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.11.6406
更新日期:1999-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::Cultural processes occur in a wide variety of animal taxa, from insects to cetaceans. The songs of humpback whales are one of the most striking examples of the transmission of a cultural trait and social learning in any nonhuman animal. To understand how songs are learned, we investigate rare cases of song hybridizati...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1621072114
更新日期:2017-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::We used digital fluorescence microscopy to make real-time observations of anaphase chromosome movement and changes in microtubule organization in spindles assembled in Xenopus egg extracts. Anaphase chromosome movement in these extracts resembled that seen in living vertebrate cells. During anaphase chromosomes moved ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.22.12327
更新日期:1996-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::The exemplary search capabilities of flying insects have established them as one of the most diverse taxa on Earth. However, we still lack the fundamental ability to quantify, represent, and predict trajectories under natural contexts to understand search and its applications. For example, flying insects have evolved ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1912124117
更新日期:2020-06-02 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a method for rapidly generating thermostable enzyme variants. Our strategy is to introduce the gene coding for a given enzyme from a mesophilic organism into a thermophile, Bacillus stearothermophilus. Variants that retain the enzymatic activity at the higher growth temperatures of the thermophile are the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.3.576
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To address devastating environmental crises and to improve human well-being, China has been implementing a number of national policies on payments for ecosystem services. Two of them, the Natural Forest Conservation Program (NFCP) and the Grain to Green Program (GTGP), are among the biggest programs in the world becau...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1073/pnas.0706436105
更新日期:2008-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Two cDNAs encoding two human receptors for retinoic acid (RA), RAR-alpha and RAR-beta, have been characterized recently. Synthetic peptides corresponding to the cDNA-deduced amino acid sequences unique to RAR-alpha and RAR-beta were used to generate anti-RAR-alpha antiserum (SP171) and anti-RAR-beta antisera (SP172 an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.9.3089
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00