Abstract：
:Ocular ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure was assessed in three occupational groups: fisherman, landscape workers and construction workers. The ratio of ocular exposure to ambient exposure was determined by placing UV-sensitive film (295-320 nm) between the eyes of the subjects and in a nearby open field. The mean ocular exposures varied between 2 and 17% of the ambient exposure on a horizontal surface, depending on whether subjects wore hats, the job performed and the time of year. Wearing a brimmed hat significantly reduced ocular exposure in all groups of subjects. Subjects working over more reflective surfaces had significantly higher ocular exposure. A seasonal effect on the ocular ambient exposure ratio (OAER) was also observed. These results are consistent with measurements of OAER in mannikin and measurements of surface reflectivity in this and previous studies. The results provide parameters which can be used in modeling ocular UVR exposure in epidemiological and clinical studies.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Rosenthal FS,Phoon C,Bakalian AE,Taylor HRsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-04-01 00:00:00pages
649-56issue
4eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In recent years, there has been great interest in recording the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) in glaucomatous and diabetic populations. The Dawson, Trick, and Litzkow thread electrode (DTLTE) and the gold foil electrode (GFE), commonly used for recording PERGs, were compared for variations in amplitude of response,...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The stratified squamous epithelial covering of the cornea provides one of the first physical and immunological lines of defense. A breach in its integrity results in a wound healing response that resolves quickly. However, under certain conditions-for example, when migrating cells are unable to adhere to the ba...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.14-15054
更新日期：2014-09-18 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:Patients with diabetes mellitus are reported to have ocular surface defects, impaired ocular surface barrier function, and a higher incidence of corneal and conjunctival infections. Tight junctions are critical for ocular surface barrier function. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of high...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.61.11.3
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To improve the 30-year-old "trypsin digestion" procedure for isolation of the complete retinal vasculature, which, in its time, was a revolutionary advance that allowed important discoveries about diabetic retinopathy; to provide a method that will yield more consistent results when applied to retinas represent...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reaching a consensus in terms of interchangeability and utility (i.e., disease detection/monitoring) of a medical device is the eventual aim of repeatability and agreement studies. The aim of the tolerance and relative utility indices described in this report is to provide a methodology to compare change in clinical m...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.14-16091
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To enumerate the ocular surface fungal microbiome of healthy human eyes by using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Methods:Tarsal and fornix conjunctiva from the lower and upper lids of both eyes of healthy individuals were swabbed in duplicate separately. A total of 34 samples were collected from both the eye...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.18-26076
更新日期：2019-01-02 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Elevated levels of extracellular glutamate have been implicated in the pathophysiology of neuronal loss in both central nervous system and ophthalmic disorders, including glaucoma. This increase in glutamate may result from a failure of glutamate transporters, which are molecules that ordinarily regulate extrac...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reduced quality of life and financial burden due to visual impairment and blindness begin to increase dramatically when individuals reach the age of 40. The major causes of age-related vision loss can be traced to changes to the structure and function of the lens, one of the tissues responsible for focusing light on t...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1167/iovs.13-12940
更新日期：2013-12-13 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:Centripetal retinal degeneration in choroideremia (CHM) leads to early visual field restriction and late central vision loss. The latter marks an acute decline in quality of life but visual prognostication remains challenging. We investigated visual function in CHM by correlating best-corrected visual acuity (B...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1167/iovs.17-22486
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Superoxide dismutase (SOD) molecules occur in all cells exposed to an oxygen-containing environment, including retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Previous studies of nonhuman RPE have either probed specifically for copper-zinc-containing SOD (CuZn-SOD) or have not distinguished between CuZn-SOD and the SOD molecu...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Levels of some cytokines are significantly higher in the vitreous fluid of patients with acute uveitis than in normal vitreous fluid. The authors sought to determine which proinflammatory cytokines were upregulated in the vitreous fluid of patients with ocular sarcoidosis. METHODS:Samples of vitreous fluid wer...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.11-9244
更新日期：2012-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Retinal ganglion cells are known to express ionotropic P2X(7) receptors for ATP. Stimulation of these receptors in other cells can elevate Ca(2+) and sometimes lead to cell death. This study asked whether P2X(7) receptor stimulation alters the Ca(2+) levels and viability of retinal ganglion cells. METHODS:P2X(...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.05-0052
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To compare self-assessed driving habits and skills of licensed drivers with central visual loss who use bioptic telescopes to those of age-matched normally sighted drivers, and to examine the association between bioptic drivers' impressions of the quality of their driving and ratings by a "backseat" evaluator. ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.13-13520
更新日期：2014-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To identify potentially pathogenic variants (PPVs) in Chinese familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) patients in FZD4, LRP5, NDP, TSPAN12, ZNF408, and KIF11 genes. Methods:Blood samples were collected from probands and their parent(s). Genomic DNA was analyzed by next-generation sequencing, and the sequen...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.17-23541
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The phenotype of specialized cells arises, in part, from their characteristic gene expression patterns. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are of wide interest in neuroscience and die in glaucoma and other optic neuropathies. In this study the genes expressed by RGCs were profiled by expressed sequence tag (EST) ana...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.03-1391
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as the surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 by corneal fibroblasts contribute to corneal inflammation. The effects of triptolide on the expression of these proteins induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human corneal f...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.06-0319
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Vision restoration is a fast-approaching reality for some people with profound vision loss. In order to reliably determine treatment efficacy, accurate assessment of baseline residual visual function is critical. The purpose of this study was to compare residual function as detected on Goldman visual field (GVF...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.13-12657
更新日期：2014-03-06 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the toxicity of various doses of intravitreal amphotericin B deoxycholate, amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC), and liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB). METHODS:Fifty-two rabbits were divided into two treatment groups (groups A and B). Thirteen treatments were administered intravitreally to the 104 r...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.02-1020
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the relative prevalence of ocular conditions among children who are unable to perform preschool vision screening tests and the impact on measures of screening test performance. METHODS:Trained nurse and lay screeners each administered a Lea Symbols visual acuity (VA) test (Good-Lite, Inc., Steamwood...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1167/iovs.06-0384
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Local first-order multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) implicit time (K1-IT) delays have proved to be important and predictive indicators of retinal function in diabetes. To better understand the nature of these delays, the authors examined the spatial association between K1-IT and second-order amplitudes (K2-S...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.07-0180
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To test a newly developed tear evaporimetry system that detects real-time changes in tear evaporation rates and shows the tear film stability in patients with obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). METHODS:A ventilated chamber system with high-sensitivity microbalance sensor was used to evaluate tear e...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.02-0170
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To study retinal structure in choroideremia patients and carriers using high-resolution imaging techniques. METHODS:Subjects from four families (six female carriers and five affected males) with choroideremia (CHM) were characterized with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), kinetic and static perimetry, full-...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.12-10707
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vestibulo-ocular reflex of normal monkeys was tested by a modified Bárány spinning test (B-test) and by sinosoidal rotation. The two tests gave concordant estimates of the time constant and corner frequency. Deviation from concordance was caused largely by modification of the reflex during the testing procedures. ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the differential effects of ganglion cell depletion from experimental glaucoma on the relative metabolic activities of neurons in the parvo (P)- and magno (M)-cellular visual pathways of the macaque visual system. METHODS:Monocular experimental glaucoma was induced in monkeys (Macaca mulatta and M....
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the effect of interleukin (IL)-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha on cytokine, chemokine, and receptor expression in corneal stromal cells; the effect of corneal scrape injury on monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) expression and monocyte-macrophage influx into the stroma; a...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Cigarette smoking is the most consistent risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), especially the choroidal neovascularization (CNV)-mediated exudative type. Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds have various effects on living organisms and are also contained in cigarette smoke. However, the effects o...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.08-2299
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:It is known that the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) of normal subjects is reduced temporarily after short-term elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP). The authors evaluated PERG changes in ocular hypertension during and after transient IOP elevation. METHODS:Steady state (8 Hz) PERGs to sinusoidal gratings ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To compare the phenotype of blue cone monochromacy (BCM) caused by large deletion mutations with those having the C203R missense mutation. Methods:BCM patients with large deletion mutations (n = 21; age range, 5-60 years), and with the C203R missense mutation (n = 13; age range, 5-70 years), were studied with ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.18-25280
更新日期：2018-12-03 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate whether mucosal immune responses directed against the ubiquitous parasite Toxoplasma gondii can be detected in tears of healthy humans. METHODS:Nonstimulated tears and blood were obtained from 62 healthy humans (mean age, 35 +/- 10 [SD] years). Serum anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin titers were det...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the neuroprotective effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) against potassium cyanide (KCN)-induced retinal damage. METHODS:Rats were injected intravitreally with iodinated BDNF. Two days later, eyeballs were dissected into various parts, and the level of radioactivity in each part w...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
