Abstract：
PURPOSE:Retinal ganglion cells are known to express ionotropic P2X(7) receptors for ATP. Stimulation of these receptors in other cells can elevate Ca(2+) and sometimes lead to cell death. This study asked whether P2X(7) receptor stimulation alters the Ca(2+) levels and viability of retinal ganglion cells. METHODS:P2X(7) agonists were applied to retinal ganglion cells from neonatal rats loaded with fura-2 to examine their effect on intracellular Ca(2+) levels. The effect of P2X(7) receptor stimulation on cell viability was examined in rat retinal ganglion cells back-labeled with aminostilbamidine. RESULTS:The P2X(7) agonist benzoylbenzoyl adenosine triphosphate (BzATP) led to a large, sustained increase in Ca(2+). BzATP was >100-fold more effective than ATP at raising intracellular Ca(2+), when both agonists were applied at 10 microM. The response to BzATP was enhanced threefold by removal of extracellular Mg(2+), was dependent on extracellular Ca(2+), and was prevented by brilliant blue G (BBG). BzATP led to a concentration-dependent reduction in the number of cells with a median lethal dose (LD(50)) of 35 muM. Cell death was prevented by the P2X(7) antagonists BBG and oxidized ATP, but not by 30 microM suramin, consistent with the actions of the P2X(7) receptor. BzATP activated caspases in ganglion cells, but did not lead to membrane blebbing or increased permeability to Yo-Pro-1. The L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker nifedipine attenuated cell death, suggesting excessive Ca(2+) influx contributes to the lethal effects of BzATP. CONCLUSION:Short-term stimulation of the P2X(7) receptor can raise Ca(2+) in rat retinal ganglion cells, whereas sustained stimulation of the receptor can kill them.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Zhang X,Zhang M,Laties AM,Mitchell CHdoi
10.1167/iovs.05-0052keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-06-01 00:00:00pages
2183-91issue
6eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783pii
46/6/2183journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:Because immune rejection is likely to be a major barrier to successful retinal transplantation, it is important to determine whether immune privilege for allogeneic retinal grafts is a feature of the subretinal space and vitreous cavity. METHODS:Newborn neural retinas of C57BL/6 mice were implanted into the su...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:The lysozyme 2 (Lyz2 or LysM) cre mouse is extensively used to achieve genetic manipulation in myeloid cells and it has been widely employed in retinal research. However, LysM has been recently described to be expressed in brain neurons and there is a debate on whether it is also expressed by resident microglia...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.61.3.51
更新日期：2020-03-09 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:The subbasal nerve plexus (SNP) is the densest and most recognizable component of the mammalian corneal innervation; however, the anatomical configuration of the SNP in most animal models remains incompletely described. The purpose of the current study is to describe in detail the SNP architecture in eight diff...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.19-28519
更新日期：2019-12-02 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that lead to a dominant nuclear cataract in a mouse harboring the Y118D mutation in the alphaA-crystallin gene. METHODS:The physicochemical properties of alpha-crystallin obtained from mouse lenses with the Y118D mutation as well as a recombinant ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.08-3070
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:Applying CNGA3 gene augmentation therapy to cure a novel causative mutation underlying achromatopsia (ACHM) in sheep. Methods:Impaired vision that spontaneously appeared in newborn lambs was characterized by behavioral, electroretinographic (ERG), and histologic techniques. Deep-sequencing reads of an affected...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.16-20986
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The retinas of six pigmented rabbits (12 eyes) were irradiated with a cw-Nd:YAG laser using two different pulse forms, in conjunction with a constant pulse duration of 200 msec and a retinal focus diameter of 200 microns. The first pulse form (a) was characterized by an initial transient, lasting 15-20 msec, with a pe...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Freshly enucleated monkey, calf, and human eyes were quantitatively perfused with mock aqueous humor through the anterior chamber by a constant pressure technique. After baseline perfusion at 15 mm Hg, intraocular pressure was raised to 45 mm Hg and later reduced back to 15 mm Hg. Calf and human (both adult and infant...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To test the effect of valacyclovir alone and with aspirin on the asymptomatic shedding of HSV-1 DNA in tears and saliva of healthy individuals. METHOD. The subjects (n = 45) were randomized into three groups without regard to age, sex, or race. Group 1 (n = 14) received the placebo, group 2 (n = 15) received a ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1167/iovs.09-3729
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The prevalence of myopia shows a decline with age in cross-sectional studies. This pattern may represent an increase in the prevalence of myopia in younger generations, possibly through increased exposure to near work, or an intrinsic age-related decline in myopia prevalence. Data were analyzed from published s...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The temporal modulation sensitivity function was studied in eight strabismic and/or anisometropic amblyopes and in two subjects with amblyopia resulting from monocular stimulus deprivation (cataract and ptosis). Half of the strabismic/anisometropic amblyopes showed a reduction in the sensitivity of the amblyopic eye. ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:We investigated the cross-sectional associations between macular pigment optical density (MPOD), plasma lutein (L), and zeaxanthin (Z) concentrations and cognitive function in 184 older adults of the 3-City-Bordeaux cohort. Methods:MPOD was measured using the two-wavelength autofluorescence method with a modif...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.17-22656
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the potential use of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in the construction of glaucoma filtering blebs. METHODS:Twenty-four albino rabbits underwent glaucoma filtration surgery in one eye. In alternate cases, the conjunctival flap was replaced with AMT. Postoperative examination data were ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The efficacy of the peptide Ac-EEED on reducing cell adhesion and proliferation in vitro and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in vivo was examined. METHODS:The peptide chimera containing the Ac-EEED sequence was chemically linked to the N terminus of the XMTM delivery peptide from the E(rns) viral surface pr...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.10-6351
更新日期：2011-04-16 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:It has been suggested that early menopause increases the risk of aging-macula disorder (AMD), the major cause of incurable blindness with a dry and wet late subtype, and that exposure to endogenous or postmenopausal exogenous estrogens reduces this risk. This study was undertaken to investigate whether genetic ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.06-0577
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We assessed whether partial occlusion of the nonamblyopic eye with Bangerter filters can immediately reduce suppression and promote binocular summation of contrast in observers with amblyopia. METHODS:In Experiment 1, suppression was measured for 22 observers (mean age, 20 years; range, 14-32 years; 10 females...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.14-15224
更新日期：2014-10-28 00:00:00
abstract：:PURPOSE. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), an analog of adenosine monophosphate (AMP), in endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). METHODS. EIU was induced by subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (200 μg) in Lewis rats. AICAR (50 mg/kg, intraperiton...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.11-7331
更新日期：2011-08-22 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To assess the repeatability, intersession and interobserver reproducibility, and agreement of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements obtained by scanning-slit topography (SST) and noncontact specular microscopy (NCSM) after advanced surface ablation (ASA). METHODS:To analyze repeatability, one examiner m...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.12-11015
更新日期：2013-02-05 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to determine whether a better IOP reduction can be observed in conscious, normotensive monkeys treated with ONO-9054, a novel dual EP3 and FP receptor agonist, compared with prostaglandin F2α analogs. METHODS:The binding affinities and agonistic activities of ONO-AG-367, a carboxy...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.14-16181
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is possible to record a pattern electroretinogram (PERG) of near normal amplitude in a situation when the eye containing the active electrode is occluded. Because PERG recording requires high amplification and sensitive signal retrieval techniques, the electrode in the occluded eye records a distant potential from ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To characterize the differential expression of intraocular inflammatory cytokines in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and to assess their roles as prognostic determinants of BRVO. METHODS:A prospective cohort study of 38 eyes with BRVO. Aqueous humor samples were collected just before the intravi...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.10-6299
更新日期：2011-05-06 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) is a model that mimics human acute anterior uveitis. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is an enzyme that initiates the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) into prostaglandins (PGs), whereas 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) generates leukotrienes (LT). The purpose of this study was to delineate the rol...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.03-0756
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Antiangiogenic treatment is a promising new therapy for angiogenesis-dependent diseases. In the current study, the biologic effects on pathologic and physiological angiogenesis in the retina of angiostatin, a very potent angiogenesis inhibitor were determined. In addition, the effects of angiostatin on the grow...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To study the survival of adult retinal grafts prepared in a physiologically optimized way. METHODS:Twenty-three rabbits received an adult full-thickness rabbit retinal transplant positioned under the host retina, using a vitrectomy technique. The transplants were prepared using a procedure based on a previousl...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the role of the gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43), which is predominantly expressed in lens epithelial cells in the control of lens development and organization. METHODS:Newborn mice in which the Cx43 gene was disrupted by homologous recombination were used. Lenses from Cx43 (-/-) mice and ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To describe and analyze developmental change from birth through maturity of human electroretinogram (ERG) response, especially in terms of rod phototransduction as represented in the ERG a-wave. METHODS:Electroretinograms were recorded from 16 human infants from 5 to 270 days of age, two children 1.9 and 3.4 y...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:Candida remains the leading cause of fungal endophthalmitis. However, the pathobiology and innate immune responses in this disease are not well characterized. Here, we developed two murine models of candida endophthalmitis and evaluated their disease susceptibility and differential immune response. Methods:End...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.61.11.31
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Normal adult rabbit corneas were digested with 5% pepsin and their collagens extracted with acetic acid. Collagen extracts were fractionated by differential salt precipitation. The 2.5 M NaCl fraction was then redissolved with tris buffer and precipitated with sodium acetate. The precipitate contained a high-molecular...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the lens has been shown to have the capacity to respond to insulin in vitro, little is known concerning the biochemical relationships of insulin to the lens in vivo. Therefore we have measured insulin in the aqueous humor of rabbits by a sensitive radioimmunoassay after paracentesis and feeding. The insulin c...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Invasion of tumor cells into blood vessels is essential for metastasis of uveal melanoma. The occurrence of ingrowth of tumor cells in blood vessels in uveal melanoma was analyzed, and this parameter was compared with the survival of the patients. METHODS:Between 1972 and 2007, 643 eyes primarily enucleated fo...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.09-3824
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We sought to determine whether conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (UVAF), a biomarker of outdoor light exposure, is associated with myopia. METHODS:We performed a cross-sectional study on Norfolk Island and recruited individuals aged ≥ 15 years. Participants completed a sun-exposure questionnaire and un...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.11-8677
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
