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Gene Duplication and Gain in the Trematode Atriophallophorus Winterbourni Contributes to Adaptation to Parasitism.

Abstract：

:Gene duplications and novel genes have been shown to play a major role in helminth adaptation to a parasitic lifestyle because they provide the novelty necessary for adaptation to a changing environment, such as living in multiple hosts. Here we present the de novo sequenced and annotated genome of the parasitic trematode Atriophallophorus winterbourni and its comparative genomic analysis to other major parasitic trematodes. First, we reconstructed the species phylogeny, and dated the split of A. winterbourni from the Opisthorchiata suborder to approximately 237.4 MYA (± 120.4 MY). We then addressed the question of which expanded gene families and gained genes are potentially involved in adaptation to parasitism. To do this, we used Hierarchical Orthologous Groups to reconstruct three ancestral genomes on the phylogeny leading to A. winterbourni and performed a GO enrichment analysis of the gene composition of each ancestral genome, allowing us to characterize the subsequent genomic changes. Out of the 11,499 genes in the A. winterbourni genome, as much as 24% have arisen through duplication events since the speciation of A. winterbourni from the Opisthorchiata, and as much as 31.9% appear to be novel, i.e. newly acquired. We found 13 gene families in A. winterbourni to have had more than 10 genes arising through these recent duplications; all of which have functions potentially relating to host behavioural manipulation, host tissue penetration, and hiding from host immunity through antigen presentation. We identified several families with genes evolving under positive selection. Our results provide a valuable resource for future studies on the genomic basis of adaptation to parasitism and point to specific candidate genes putatively involved in antagonistic host-parasite adaptation.

journal_name

Genome Biol Evol

journal_title

Genome biology and evolution

authors

Zajac N,Zoller S,Seppälä K,Moi D,Dessimoz C,Jokela J,Hartikainen H,Glover N

doi

10.1093/gbe/evab010

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2021-01-23 00:00:00

issn

1759-6653

pii

6117324

pub_type

杂志文章

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Gene Duplication and Gain in the Trematode Atriophallophorus Winterbourni Contributes to Adaptation to Parasitism.