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Reconstruction of the Carbohydrate 6-O Sulfotransferase Gene Family Evolution in Vertebrates Reveals Novel Member, CHST16, Lost in Amniotes.

Abstract：

:Glycosaminoglycans are sulfated polysaccharide molecules, essential for many biological processes. The 6-O sulfation of glycosaminoglycans is carried out by carbohydrate 6-O sulfotransferases (C6OSTs), previously named Gal/GalNAc/GlcNAc 6-O sulfotransferases. Here, for the first time, we present a detailed phylogenetic reconstruction, analysis of gene synteny conservation and propose an evolutionary scenario for the C6OST family in major vertebrate groups, including mammals, birds, nonavian reptiles, amphibians, lobe-finned fishes, ray-finned fishes, cartilaginous fishes, and jawless vertebrates. The C6OST gene expansion likely started early in the chordate lineage, giving rise to four ancestral genes after the divergence of tunicates and before the emergence of extant vertebrates. The two rounds of whole-genome duplication in early vertebrate evolution (1R/2R) only contributed two additional C6OST subtype genes, increasing the vertebrate repertoire from four genes to six, divided into two branches. The first branch includes CHST1 and CHST3 as well as a previously unrecognized subtype, CHST16 that was lost in amniotes. The second branch includes CHST2, CHST7, and CHST5. Subsequently, local duplications of CHST5 gave rise to CHST4 in the ancestor of tetrapods, and to CHST6 in the ancestor of primates. The teleost-specific gene duplicates were identified for CHST1, CHST2, and CHST3 and are result of whole-genome duplication (3R) in the teleost lineage. We could also detect multiple, more recent lineage-specific duplicates. Thus, the vertebrate repertoire of C6OST genes has been shaped by gene duplications and gene losses at several stages of vertebrate evolution, with implications for the evolution of skeleton, nervous system, and cell-cell interactions.

journal_name

Genome Biol Evol

journal_title

Genome biology and evolution

authors

Ocampo Daza D,Haitina T

doi

10.1093/gbe/evz274

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-07-01 00:00:00

pages

993-1012

issue

issn

1759-6653

pii

5870270

journal_volume

pub_type

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Reconstruction of the Carbohydrate 6-O Sulfotransferase Gene Family Evolution in Vertebrates Reveals Novel Member, CHST16, Lost in Amniotes.