Abstract:
:The root-knot nematodes (genus Meloidogyne) are important plant parasites causing substantial agricultural losses. The Meloidogyne incognita group (MIG) of species, most of which are obligatory apomicts (mitotic parthenogens), are extremely polyphagous and important problems for global agriculture. While understanding the genomic basis for their variable success on different crops could benefit future agriculture, analyses of their genomes are challenging due to complex evolutionary histories that may incorporate hybridization, ploidy changes, and chromosomal fragmentation. Here, we sequence 19 genomes, representing five species of key root-knot nematodes collected from different geographic origins. We show that a hybrid origin that predated speciation within the MIG has resulted in each species possessing two divergent genomic copies. Additionally, the apomictic MIG species are hypotriploids, with a proportion of one genome present in a second copy. The hypotriploid proportion varies among species. The evolutionary history of the MIG genomes is revealed to be very dynamic, with noncrossover recombination both homogenizing the genomic copies, and acting as a mechanism for generating divergence between species. Interestingly, the automictic MIG species M. floridensis differs from the apomict species in that it has become homozygous throughout much of its genome.
journal_name
Genome Biol Evoljournal_title
Genome biology and evolutionauthors
Szitenberg A,Salazar-Jaramillo L,Blok VC,Laetsch DR,Joseph S,Williamson VM,Blaxter ML,Lunt DHdoi
10.1093/gbe/evx201subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-10-01 00:00:00pages
2844-2861issue
10issn
1759-6653pii
4237402journal_volume
9pub_type
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