Abstract：
:Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a promising immunotherapy with high acquisition costs, and it has raised concerns about affordability and sustainability in many countries. Furthermore, the current centralized production paradigm for the T cells is less than satisfactory. Therefore, several countries are exploring alternative T-cell production modes. Our study is based on the T-cell production experience in a nonprofit setting in Germany. We first identified the work steps and main activities in the production process. Then we determined the fixed costs and variable costs. Main cost components included personnel and technician salaries, expenditure on equipment, a clean room, as well as production materials. All costs were calculated in 2018 euros and converted into U.S. dollars. For a clean room with one machine for closed and automated manufacturing installed, annual fixed costs summed up to approximately €438 098 ($584 131). The variable cost per production was roughly €34 798 ($46 397). At the maximum capacity of one machine, total cost per product would be close to €60 000 ($78 849). As shown in the scenario analysis, if three machines were to be installed in the clean room, per production cost could be as low as €45 000 (roughly $59905). If a cheaper alternative to lentivirus was used, per production total cost could be further reduced to approximately €33 000 (roughly $44309). Decentralized T-cell production might be a less costly and more efficient alternative to the current centralized production mode that requires a high acquisition cost.
journal_name
Int J Cancerjournal_title
International journal of cancerauthors
Ran T,Eichmüller SB,Schmidt P,Schlander Mdoi
10.1002/ijc.33156subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-15 00:00:00pages
3438-3445issue
12eissn
0020-7136issn
1097-0215journal_volume
147pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Fischer rat thyroid epithelial cella (FRT) growing continuously in culture were infected with the Kirsten murine sarcoma virus KiMSV(KiMuLV) and found to produce this virus constitutively. Although the morphology of the FRT cells did not change appreciably, the cells became malignant after infection with KiMSV(KiMuLV)...
journal_title：International journal of cancer
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abstract：:Murine macrophages from different anatomical sites were compared for their ability to become tumoricidal and to secrete interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) following stimulation in vitro by several biological response modifiers (BRM). Peritoneal macrophages (PM), alveolar macrophages (AM), and tumor-i...
journal_title：International journal of cancer
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abstract：:The presence of androgen receptor variant 7 (AR-V7) variants becomes a significant hallmark of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) relapsed from hormonal therapy and is associated with poor survival of CRPC patients because of lacking a ligand-binding domain. Currently, it still lacks an effective agent to tar...
journal_title：International journal of cancer
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doi：10.1002/ijc.30893
更新日期：2017-11-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of cancer
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doi：10.1002/ijc.2910450635
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abstract：:Hyaluronan (HA) has been shown to play crucial roles in the tumorigenicity of malignant tumors. Previous studies demonstrated that inhibition of HA suppressed the tumorigenicity of various malignant tumors including breast cancer. 4-methylumbelliferone (MU) has been reported to inhibit HA synthesis in several cell typ...
journal_title：International journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ijc.26014
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abstract：:Bcl-2 expression is up-regulated in prostate cancer cells after androgen ablation and associated with development of androgen independence and chemoresistance. We recently reported that antisense Bcl-2 oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) delay progression to androgen independence in the androgen-dependent (AD) human LNCaP pr...
journal_title：International journal of cancer
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journal_title：International journal of cancer
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journal_title：International journal of cancer
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journal_title：International journal of cancer
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更新日期：2009-08-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of cancer
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更新日期：2016-01-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of cancer
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doi：10.1002/ijc.22021
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A group of 83 Spanish BC/OC families were analysed for BRCA1 germ-line mutations. Analysis of the entire coding sequence was carried out by SSCP and PTT. We identified 5 frameshift mutations: 185delAG (2 times), 189insTGTC, 1241delAC, and 5537delA and 3 missense mutations in BRCA1: 330A > G, 1240C > T, and 5263G > A. ...
journal_title：International journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19991112)83:4<465::aid-ijc
更新日期：1999-11-12 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19961009)68:2<156::AID-IJC
更新日期：1996-10-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Aristolochic acid (AA), a naturally occurring nephrotoxin and carcinogen, has been associated with the development of urothelial cancer in humans. Understanding which human enzymes are involved in AA activation and/or detoxication is important in the assessment of an individual's susceptibility to this plant carcinoge...
journal_title：International journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ijc.20564
更新日期：2005-01-10 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ijc.10240
更新日期：2002-04-10 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ijc.2910410321
更新日期：1988-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Biliary tract cancers have dismal prognoses even when cytotoxic chemotherapy is administered. There is an unmet need to develop precision treatment approaches using comprehensive genomic profiling. A total of 121 patients with biliary tract cancers were analyzed for circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA) and/or tissue-based tu...
journal_title：International journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ijc.33230
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A segment of 712 bases coding for part of the human stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene was made by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers based on published rat cDNA sequences. The human PCR product was confirmed by DNA sequencing. It was next cloned into a vector from which anti-sense, highly radioactive RNA transcr...
journal_title：International journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of cancer
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更新日期：1991-04-22 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of cancer
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abstract：:Patients with head-and-neck cancer commonly have immune defects. It was reported that these patients have raised serum IgA levels. We investigated whether IgA-anti-Fab autoantibodies, which occur in association with immune dysfunction, are present in patients with head-and-neck cancer. Sera of 101 patients with squamo...
journal_title：International journal of cancer
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更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of cancer
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更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of cancer
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更新日期：1993-06-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Benign breast disease (BBD) is an established breast cancer (BC) risk factor, but it is unclear whether the magnitude of the association applies to women at familial or genetic risk. This information is needed to improve BC risk assessment in clinical settings. Using the Prospective Family Study Cohort, we used Cox pr...
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journal_title：International journal of cancer
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abstract：:Lifestyle factors and medical history are known to influence risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Whether these factors affect the prognosis of NHL, especially its subtypes, is unclear. To investigate this, the association between these factors and all-cause and lymphoma-related mortality was assessed in a population-b...
journal_title：International journal of cancer
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abstract：:As a key enzyme in folate metabolism, the thymidylate synthase (TS) is important for the synthesis of nucleotides. Its polymorphisms may affect the TS gene expression and the susceptibility for Fluoropyrimidine (FU)-based chemotherapies. In this study, we assessed the relationship between the TS genotypes and clinical...
journal_title：International journal of cancer
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abstract：:In sub-Saharan Africa, invasive cervical cancer (ICC) incidence and mortality are among the highest in the world. This cross-sectional epidemiological study assessed human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and type distribution in women with ICC in Ghana, Nigeria, and South Africa. Cervical biopsy specimens were obtaine...
journal_title：International journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
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abstract：:Imatinib mesylate has become an effective agent for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, the development of drug resistance has led to examination of combination therapies. In this study, we investigated the effects of combining imatinib with immunotherapy against a murine bcr-abl(+) leukemia, 12B...
journal_title：International journal of cancer
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abstract：:A herpesvirus (RhEBV) was isolated from a lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) that became established from a malignant lymphoma in a rhesus monkey. The predominant cell marker in the LCL was that of B lymphocytes. RhEBV-induced viral capsid (VCA) and nuclear antigens (NA) in the LCL were serologically related to similar an...
journal_title：International journal of cancer
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更新日期：1986-09-15 00:00:00
