Rationing social contact during the COVID-19 pandemic: Transmission risk and social benefits of US locations.

abstract：:Gametocytes are nonreplicative sexual forms that mediate malaria transmission to a mosquito vector. They are generated from asexual blood-stage parasites that proliferate in the circulation. However, little is known about how this transition is genetically regulated. Here, we report that an Apetala2 (AP2) family trans...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yuda M,Iwanaga S,Kaneko I,Kato T

更新日期：2015-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Malaria control is threatened by a limited pipeline of effective pharmaceuticals against drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum Components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) are attractive targets for drug development, owing to exploitable differences between the parasite and human ETC. Disru...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lane KD,Mu J,Lu J,Windle ST,Liu A,Sun PD,Wellems TE

更新日期：2018-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Therapeutic mAbs must not only bind to their target but must also be free from "developability issues" such as poor stability or high levels of aggregation. While small-molecule drug discovery benefits from Lipinski's rule of five to guide the selection of molecules with appropriate biophysical properties, there is cu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Raybould MIJ,Marks C,Krawczyk K,Taddese B,Nowak J,Lewis AP,Bujotzek A,Shi J,Deane CM

更新日期：2019-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:We estimated the unliganded opening and closing rate constants of neuromuscular acetylcholine receptor-channels (AChRs) having mutations that increased the gating equilibrium constant. For some mutant combinations, spontaneous openings occurred in clusters. For 25 different constructs, the unliganded gating equilibriu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Purohit P,Auerbach A

更新日期：2009-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The post-translational proteolytic conversion of somatostatin-14 precursors was studied to characterize the enzyme system responsible for the production of the tetradecapeptide either from its 15-kDa precursor protein or from its COOH-terminal fragment, somatostatin-28. A synthetic undecapeptide Pro-Arg-Glu-Arg-Lys-Al...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gluschankof P,Morel A,Gomez S,Nicolas P,Fahy C,Cohen P

更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T helper 17 (TH17) cells represent a discrete TH cell subset instrumental in the immune response to extracellular bacteria and fungi. However, TH17 cells are considered to be detrimentally involved in autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). In contrast to TH17 cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells were shown to b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ulges A,Witsch EJ,Pramanik G,Klein M,Birkner K,Bühler U,Wasser B,Luessi F,Stergiou N,Dietzen S,Brühl TJ,Bohn T,Bündgen G,Kunz H,Waisman A,Schild H,Schmitt E,Zipp F,Bopp T

更新日期：2016-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The [A] allele of SNP rs965513 in 9q22 has been consistently shown to be highly associated with increased papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) risk with an odds ratio of ∼1.8 as determined by genome-wide association studies, yet the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Previously, we noted that the expression of t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： He H,Li W,Liyanarachchi S,Srinivas M,Wang Y,Akagi K,Wang Y,Wu D,Wang Q,Jin V,Symer DE,Shen R,Phay J,Nagy R,de la Chapelle A

更新日期：2015-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, p53 was demonstrated to affect the expression of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a crucial role in growth and survival of cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanisms for interaction between p53 and IGF-1R are still not fully understood. One of th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Girnita L,Girnita A,Larsson O

更新日期：2003-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Prokaryotic genomes are substantially diverse, even when from closely related species, with the resulting phenotypic diversity representing a repertoire of adaptations to specific constraints. Within the microbial population, genome content may not be fixed, as changing selective forces favor particular phenotypes; ho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aras RA,Kang J,Tschumi AI,Harasaki Y,Blaser MJ

更新日期：2003-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Unlike other cation channels, each subunit of most transient receptor potential (TRP) channels has an additional TRP-domain helix with an invariant tryptophan immediately trailing the gate-bearing S6. Recent cryo-electron microscopy of TRP vanilloid subfamily, member 1 structures revealed that this domain is a five-tu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Teng J,Loukin SH,Anishkin A,Kung C

更新日期：2015-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:CYP1B1-null mice, created by targeted gene disruption in embryonic stem cells, were born at the expected frequency from heterozygous matings with no observable phenotype, thus establishing that CYP1B1 is not required for mouse development. CYP1B1 was not detectable in cultured embryonic fibroblast (EF) or in different...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Buters JT,Sakai S,Richter T,Pineau T,Alexander DL,Savas U,Doehmer J,Ward JM,Jefcoate CR,Gonzalez FJ

更新日期：1999-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The stability of an immunogen against enzymatic degradation is considered an important factor for the design of synthetic vaccines. For our studies, we have selected an epitope from the tandem-repeat unit of the high-molecular-weight MUC2 mucin glycoprotein, which can be underglycosylated in case of colon cancer. In t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tugyi R,Uray K,Iván D,Fellinger E,Perkins A,Hudecz F

更新日期：2005-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori chronically infects the human gastric mucosa and is the leading risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. The molecular mechanisms of H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis remain ill defined. In this study, we examined the possibility that H. pylori directly co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Toller IM,Neelsen KJ,Steger M,Hartung ML,Hottiger MO,Stucki M,Kalali B,Gerhard M,Sartori AA,Lopes M,Müller A

更新日期：2011-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:A new method is presented that makes it possible to inject electrons rapidly into redox-active proteins by means of a short light flash. Reduced carboxymethylated cytochrome c (CmCyt c) with carbon monoxide bound to the heme iron is mixed with the oxidized acceptor protein. Upon rapid photodissociation of CO the appar...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brzezinski P,Wilson MT

更新日期：1997-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Conflict between groups of individuals is a prevalent feature in human societies. A common theoretical explanation for intergroup conflict is that it provides benefits to individuals within groups in the form of reproduction-enhancing resources, such as food, territory, or mates. However, it is not always the case tha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Henriques GJB,Simon B,Ispolatov Y,Doebeli M

更新日期：2019-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The emergence of antibiotic resistance among nosocomial pathogens has reemphasized the need for effective infection control strategies. The spread of resistant pathogens within hospital settings proceeds along various routes of transmission and is characterized by large fluctuations in prevalence, which are typical fo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pelupessy I,Bonten MJ,Diekmann O

更新日期：2002-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:An algorithm for protein engineering, termed recursive ensemble mutagenesis, has been developed to produce diverse populations of phenotypically related mutants whose members differ in amino acid sequence. This method uses a feedback mechanism to control successive rounds of combinatorial cassette mutagenesis. Startin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arkin AP,Youvan DC

更新日期：1992-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Individuals with developmental dyslexia vary in their ability to improve reading skills, but the brain basis for improvement remains largely unknown. We performed a prospective, longitudinal study over 2.5 y in children with dyslexia (n = 25) or without dyslexia (n = 20) to discover whether initial behavioral or brain...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hoeft F,McCandliss BD,Black JM,Gantman A,Zakerani N,Hulme C,Lyytinen H,Whitfield-Gabrieli S,Glover GH,Reiss AL,Gabrieli JD

更新日期：2011-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:In a study of autonomic reflexes it was found that some produce a generalized, bilaterally uniform response whereas others have an asymmetric or laterality of action. Recordings from vertebral nerve fibers (mainly vasoconstrictors to forelimb muscles), right and left cardiac sympathetics, and renal nerves show that ba...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kollai M,Koizumi K,Brooks CM

更新日期：1978-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Targeting neuroendocrine tumors expressing somatostatin receptor subtypes (sst) with radiolabeled somatostatin agonists is an established diagnostic and therapeutic approach in oncology. While agonists readily internalize into tumor cells, permitting accumulation of radioactivity, radiolabeled antagonists do not, and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ginj M,Zhang H,Waser B,Cescato R,Wild D,Wang X,Erchegyi J,Rivier J,Mäcke HR,Reubi JC

更新日期：2006-10-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Motilin, [Met]enkephalin, [Leu]enkephalin, somatostatin, taurine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glycine were tested for their effects on Deiters neurons of the lateral vestibular nucleus in rabbits. Iontophoresis was carried out with multibarrelled micropipettes. All four peptides and three amino acids produced ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chan-Palay V,Ito M,Tongroach P,Sakurai M,Palay S

更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Early passages of NIH 3T3 cells yield about 10 transformed foci for every 10(5) cells seeded after the cells multiply to confluence in a standardized 2-week assay. The question arose whether more cells would give rise to foci if given more time for their development. This question could not be answered simply by exten...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chow M,Yao A,Rubin H

更新日期：1994-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:How olfactory sensory neurons converge on spatially invariant glomeruli in the olfactory bulb is largely unknown. In one model, olfactory sensory neurons interact with spatially restricted guidance cues in the bulb that orient and guide them to their target. Identifying differentially expressed molecules in the olfact...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lin DM,Yang YH,Scolnick JA,Brunet LJ,Marsh H,Peng V,Okazaki Y,Hayashizaki Y,Speed TP,Ngai J

更新日期：2004-08-24 00:00:00

abstract：:A mutation in RPB5 (rpb5-9), an essential RNA polymerase subunit assembled into RNA polymerases I, II, and III, revealed a role for this subunit in transcriptional activation. Activation by GAL4-VP16 was impaired upon in vitro transcription with mutant whole-cell extracts. In vivo experiments using inducible reporter ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miyao T,Woychik NA

更新日期：1998-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper is about an algorithm, FlexTree, for general supervised learning. It extends the binary tree-structured approach (Classification and Regression Trees, CART) although it differs greatly in its selection and combination of predictors. It is particularly applicable to assessing interactions: gene by gene and g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huang J,Lin A,Narasimhan B,Quertermous T,Hsiung CA,Ho LT,Grove JS,Olivier M,Ranade K,Risch NJ,Olshen RA

更新日期：2004-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular potassium concentration is actively maintained within narrow limits in all higher organisms. Slight variations in extracellular potassium levels can induce major alterations of essential physiological functions in excitable tissues. Here we describe that superfusion of cultured rat hippocampal neurones w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pardo LA,Heinemann SH,Terlau H,Ludewig U,Lorra C,Pongs O,Stühmer W

更新日期：1992-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In mouse and human, the beta-globin genes reside in a linear array that is associated with a positive regulatory element located 5' to the genes known as the locus control region (LCR). The sequences of the mouse and human beta-globin LCRs are homologous, indicating conservation of an essential function in beta-globin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bulger M,van Doorninck JH,Saitoh N,Telling A,Farrell C,Bender MA,Felsenfeld G,Axel R,Groudine M

更新日期：1999-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:CPEB, a cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein, plays an important role in translational control of maternal mRNAs in early animal development. During Xenopus oocyte maturation, CPEB undergoes a Cdc2-mediated phosphorylation- and ubiquitin-dependent degradation that is required for proper entry into meios...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Setoyama D,Yamashita M,Sagata N

更新日期：2007-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The likelihood with which an action potential elicits neurotransmitter release, the release probability (p(r)), is an important component of synaptic strength. Regulatory mechanisms controlling several steps of synaptic vesicle (SV) exocytosis may affect p(r), yet their relative importance in determining p(r) and elic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Matz J,Gilyan A,Kolar A,McCarvill T,Krueger SR

更新日期：2010-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:A combined population genetic and reproductive analysis was undertaken to compare free-ranging cheetahs from east Africa (Acinonyx jubatus raineyi) with the genetically impoverished and reproductively impaired south African subspecies (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus). Like that of their south African counterparts, the quali...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： O'Brien SJ,Wildt DE,Bush M,Caro TM,FitzGibbon C,Aggundey I,Leakey RE

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00