Abstract:
:Continental rifts are important sources of mantle carbon dioxide (CO2) emission into Earth's atmosphere1-3. Because deep carbon is stored for long periods in the lithospheric mantle4-6, rift CO2 flux depends on lithospheric processes that control melt and volatile transport1,3,7. The influence of compositional and thickness differences between Archaean and Proterozoic lithosphere on deep-carbon fluxes remains untested. Here we propose that displacement of carbon-enriched Tanzanian cratonic mantle concentrates deep carbon below parts of the East African Rift System. Sources and fluxes of CO2 and helium are examined over a 350-kilometre-long transect crossing the boundary between orogenic (Natron and Magadi basins) and cratonic (Balangida and Manyara basins) lithosphere from north to south. Areas of diffuse CO2 degassing exhibit increasing mantle CO2 flux and 3He/4He ratios as the rift transitions from Archaean (cratonic) to Proterozoic (orogenic) lithosphere. Active carbonatite magmatism also occurs near the craton edge. These data indicate that advection of the root of thick Archaean lithosphere laterally to the base of the much thinner adjacent Proterozoic lithosphere creates a zone of highly concentrated deep carbon. This mode of deep-carbon extraction may increase CO2 fluxes in some continental rifts, helping to control the production and location of carbonate-rich magmas.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Muirhead JD,Fischer TP,Oliva SJ,Laizer A,van Wijk J,Currie CA,Lee H,Judd EJ,Kazimoto E,Sano Y,Takahata N,Tiberi C,Foley SF,Dufek J,Reiss MC,Ebinger CJdoi
10.1038/s41586-020-2328-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-06-01 00:00:00pages
67-72issue
7810eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
10.1038/s41586-020-2328-3journal_volume
582pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::The Southern Ocean is very important for the potential sequestration of carbon dioxide in the oceans and is expected to be vulnerable to changes in carbon export forced by anthropogenic climate warming. Annual phytoplankton blooms in seasonal ice zones are highly productive and are thought to contribute significantly ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35007061
更新日期:2000-04-06 00:00:00
abstract::The size of plants is largely determined by growth of the stem. Stem elongation is stimulated by gibberellic acid1-3. Here we show that internode stem elongation in rice is regulated antagonistically by an 'accelerator' and a 'decelerator' in concert with gibberellic acid. Expression of a gene we name ACCELERATOR OF I...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2501-8
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some observations suggest that very massive stars experience extreme mass-loss episodes shortly before they explode as supernovae, as do several models. Establishing a causal connection between these mass-loss episodes and the final explosion would provide a novel way to study pre-supernova massive-star evolution. Her...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11877
更新日期:2013-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nature22062. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature24276
更新日期:2017-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::The verification of nuclear warheads for arms control involves a paradox: international inspectors will have to gain high confidence in the authenticity of submitted items while learning nothing about them. Proposed inspection systems featuring 'information barriers', designed to hide measurements stored in electronic...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13457
更新日期:2014-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::Plate tectonics successfully describes the surface of Earth as a mosaic of moving lithospheric plates. But it is not clear what happens at the base of the plates, the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB). The LAB has been well imaged with converted teleseismic waves, whose 10-40-kilometre wavelength controls the s...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature14146
更新日期:2015-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to repair or promote regeneration within the adult human brain has been envisioned for decades. Until recently, such efforts mainly involved delivery of growth factors and cell transplants designed to rescue or replace a specific population of neurons, and the results have largely been disappointing. New a...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0087-1
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1928, Dirac published an equation 1 that combined quantum mechanics and special relativity. Negative-energy solutions to this equation, rather than being unphysical as initially thought, represented a class of hitherto unobserved and unimagined particles-antimatter. The existence of particles of antimatter was conf...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0017-2
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microbiome-wide association studies have established that numerous diseases are associated with changes in the microbiota. These studies typically generate a long list of commensals implicated as biomarkers of disease, with no clear relevance to disease pathogenesis. If the field is to move beyond correlations and beg...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature25019
更新日期:2017-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::Strigolactones (SLs) are a group of newly identified plant hormones that control plant shoot branching. SL signalling requires the hormone-dependent interaction of DWARF 14 (D14), a probable candidate SL receptor, with DWARF 3 (D3), an F-box component of the Skp-Cullin-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Here we ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12870
更新日期:2013-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::The theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED) predicts that beta decay of the neutron into a proton, electron and antineutrino should be accompanied by a continuous spectrum of soft photons. While this inner bremsstrahlung branch has been previously measured in nuclear beta and electron capture decay, it has never been ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05390
更新日期:2006-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Endochondral ossification, an important process in vertebrate bone formation, is highly dependent on correct functioning of growth plate chondrocytes1. Proliferation of these cells determines longitudinal bone growth and the matrix deposited provides a scaffold for future bone formation. However, these two energy-depe...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0874-3
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aquaporin (AQP) water-channel proteins are freely permeated by water but not by ions or charged solutes. Although mammalian aquaporins were believed to be located in plasma membranes, rat AQP6 is restricted to intracellular vesicles in renal epithelia. Here we show that AQP6 is functionally distinct from other known a...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/46045
更新日期:1999-11-11 00:00:00
abstract::Type-A γ-aminobutyric (GABAA) receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels with a very rich pharmacology. Some of their modulators, including benzodiazepines and general anaesthetics, are among the most successful drugs in clinical use and are common substances of abuse. Without reliable structural data, the mechanist...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0832-5
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::SEVERAL dioecious marine brown algae have been valuable in studying chemical communication during sexual reproduction. For example, female gametes of Ectocarpus siliculosus, Cutleria multifida and Fucus serratus secrete olefinic hydrocarbons into the seawater to attract male gametes(1-3). A more complex system is foun...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/279430a0
更新日期:1979-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::A wide variety of systems, including granular media, colloidal suspensions and molecular systems, exhibit non-equilibrium transitions from a fluid-like to a solid-like state, characterized solely by the sudden arrest of their dynamics. Crowding or jamming of the constituent particles traps them kinetically, precluding...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35081021
更新日期:2001-06-14 00:00:00
abstract::Interstellar dust is responsible, through surface reactions, for the creation of molecular hydrogen, the main component of the interstellar clouds in which new stars form. Intermediate between small, gas-phase molecules and dust are the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Such molecules could account for 2-30% of...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/380227a0
更新日期:1996-03-21 00:00:00
abstract::External agents of mortality (disturbances) occur over a wide range of scales of space and time, and are believed to have large effects on species diversity. The "intermediate disturbance hypothesis", which proposes maximum diversity at intermediate frequencies of disturbance, has received support from both field and ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35050080
更新日期:2000-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::In response to environmental cues that promote IP3 (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate) generation, IP3 receptors (IP3Rs) located on the endoplasmic reticulum allow the 'quasisynaptical' feeding of calcium to the mitochondria to promote oxidative phosphorylation. However, persistent Ca2+ release results in mitochondrial Ca2...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature22965
更新日期:2017-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::Many proteins are expressed in distinct embryonic and adult forms. However, in most cases we do not know why the embryonic form of proteins is required. This question can be readily addressed for the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) because developmentally specified modifications of this ligand-gated ion channel can be d...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/335066a0
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent discovery of more than a thousand planets outside our Solar System, together with the significant push to achieve inertially confined fusion in the laboratory, has prompted a renewed interest in how dense matter behaves at millions to billions of atmospheres of pressure. The theoretical description of such ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13526
更新日期:2014-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Yeasts, which have been a component of the human diet for at least 7,000 years, possess an elaborate cell wall α-mannan. The influence of yeast mannan on the ecology of the human microbiota is unknown. Here we show that yeast α-mannan is a viable food source for the Gram-negative bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13995
更新日期:2015-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::Imperfect knowledge of the times at which 'snapshots' of a system are recorded degrades our ability to recover dynamical information, and can scramble the sequence of events. In X-ray free-electron lasers, for example, the uncertainty--the so-called timing jitter--between the arrival of an optical trigger ('pump') pul...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature17627
更新日期:2016-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Cation-selective P2X receptor channels were first described in sensory neurons where they are important for primary afferent neurotransmission and nociception. Here we report the cloning of a complementary DNA (P2X3) from rat dorsal root ganglia that had properties dissimilar to those of sensory neurons. We also found...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/377432a0
更新日期:1995-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental change is rapidly accelerating, and many species will need to adapt to survive1. Ensuring that protected areas cover populations across a broad range of environmental conditions could safeguard the processes that lead to such adaptations1-3. However, international conservation policies have largely negle...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2138-7
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Wnt family of secreted glycoproteins mediate cell cell interactions during cell growth and differentiation in both embryos and adults. Canonical Wnt signalling by way of the beta-catenin pathway is transduced by two receptor families. Frizzled proteins and lipoprotein-receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5/6) bin...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature756
更新日期:2002-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::The most severe excursions in the Earth's climatic history are thought to be associated with Proterozoic glaciations. According to the 'Snowball Earth' hypothesis, the Marinoan glaciation, which ended about 635 million years ago, involved global or nearly global ice cover. At the termination of this glacial period, ra...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03176
更新日期:2005-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::Past sea-level records provide invaluable information about the response of ice sheets to climate forcing. Some such records suggest that the last deglaciation was punctuated by a dramatic period of sea-level rise, of about 20 metres, in less than 500 years. Controversy about the amplitude and timing of this meltwater...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10902
更新日期:2012-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::Population-level analyses often use average quantities to describe heterogeneous systems, particularly when variation does not arise from identifiable groups. A prominent example, central to our current understanding of epidemic spread, is the basic reproductive number, R(0), which is defined as the mean number of inf...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04153
更新日期:2005-11-17 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular Ca2+ signalling processes are fundamental to muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, cell growth and apoptosis. Release of Ca2+ from the intracellular stores is supported by a series of ion channels in sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER). Among them, two isoforms of the trimeric intracell...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature19767
更新日期:2016-10-27 00:00:00