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Surface localization of Master knot of Henry, in situ and ex vivo length of flexor hallucis longus tendon: pertinent data for tendon harvesting and transfer.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Length of flexor hallucis longus (FHL), localization of master knot of Henry (MKH) and relationship between MKH and neurovascular bundle are essential for the achievement of FHL tendon transfer. The purpose of this study is to define the localization of MKH in reference to bony landmarks of the foot, its relationship to plantar neurovascular bundle and to investigate in situ and ex vivo length of FHL tendon in single incision, double incision and minimally invasive techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Foot length was examined in sixty-two feet of thirty-one soft cadavers (9 males, 22 females). Various parameters including the relationship between MKH and neurovascular bundle, the distances from MKH to medial malleolus (MM), navicular tuberosity (NT) and the first interphalangeal joint of great toe (IP) were measured. Surface localization of MKH in relation to a line joining the medial end of plantar flexion crease at the base of great toes (MC) to NT (MC-NT line) was determined. Lengths of FHL tendon graft from three surgical techniques were examined. In situ length was measured in the plantar surface of foot and ex vivo length was measured after tendon was cut from its insertion. RESULTS:The mean length of foot was 230.98±15.35 mm with a statistically significant difference between genders in both sides (p<0.05). No distance was found between medial plantar neurovascular bundle (MPNVB) and MKH. Mean distance of 17.13±3.55 mm was found between lateral plantar neurovascular bundle (LPNVB) and MKH. MKH was located at a mean distance of 117.11±1.00 mm proximal to IP, 26.28±4.75 mm under NT and 59.58±7.51mm distal to MM with a statistically significant difference of MKH-IP distance between genders in both sides and MKH-NT in right side. MKH was located anterior to NT (66.1 %), at NT (27.4%) and posterior to NT (6.5%) on the MC-NT line. Surface localization of MKH was 94.75+8.43% of MC-NT line from MC with a perpendicular distance of 25.11±5.37mm below MC-NT line. The in situ and ex vivo tendon lengths from MTJ to ST, to MKH and to IP were 39.05±10.88 mm and 34.43±10.23 mm, 73.45±9.91 mm and 68.63±9.43 mm, 197.98±13.89 and 191.79±14.00 mm, respectively. A statistically significant difference between genders was found in MTJ-IP of in situ and ex vivo length of both sides (p < 0.05). The mean length of tendon between in situ and ex vivo was significantly different in all techniques (p < 0.05). A moderate positive correlation between foot length and tendon length was found in MTJ-IP of both in situ and ex vivo tendon length. CONCLUSIONS:A statistically significant difference between in situ and ex vivo tendon length was shown in all harvesting techniques. Surface location of MKH was approximately at 95%of MC-NT line from MC with a perpendicular distance of 25 mm from MC-NT line.

journal_name

Folia Morphol (Warsz)

journal_title

Folia morphologica

authors

Wan-Ae-Loh P,Danginthawat P,Huanmanop T,Agthong S,Chentanez V

doi

10.5603/FM.a2020.0045

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-04-17 00:00:00

eissn

0015-5659

issn

1644-3284

pii

VM/OJS/J/67607

pub_type

杂志文章

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Surface localization of Master knot of Henry, in situ and ex vivo length of flexor hallucis longus tendon: pertinent data for tendon harvesting and transfer.