Abstract：
:Carbonic anhydrase is a ubiquitous metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible interconversion of CO2/HCO3-. Equilibrium of these species is maintained by the action of carbonic anhydrase. Recent advances in magnetic resonance spectroscopy have allowed, for the first time, in vivo characterization of carbonic anhydrase in the human brain. In this article, we review the theories and techniques of in vivo 13C magnetization (saturation) transfer magnetic resonance spectroscopy as they are applied to measuring the rate of exchange between CO2 and HCO3- catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase. Inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase have a wide range of therapeutic applications. Role of carbonic anhydrases and their inhibitors in many diseases are also reviewed to illustrate future applications of in vivo carbonic anhydrase assessment by magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Tomar JS,Shen Jdoi
10.3390/ijms21072442subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-01 00:00:00issue
7issn
1422-0067pii
ijms21072442journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Forty mice were randomly divided into four groups on the basis of the diet to be fed as follows: 5% (low) fat diet (T1: LF); 20% (high) fat diet (T2: HF); 20% fat containing 1% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (T3: HFC); and 20% fat containing 1% CLA with 0.5% biopolymers (T4: HFCB). The high-fat with CLA diet groups (H...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms14046848
更新日期：2013-03-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. It involves progressive impairment of cognitive function. A growing number of neuroprotective compounds have been identified with potential anti-AD properties through in vitro and in vivo models of AD. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid contained in a wi...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2020-01-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Increasing evidence demonstrates the importance of hippocampal neurogenesis, a fundamental mechanism of neuroplasticity associated with cognition and emotion, in correlation to neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Neuropsychiatric disorders are often a result of chronic stress or pain followed by inflammation;...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18040739
更新日期：2017-03-31 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) has never been systematically addressed. The aim of this study is to assess the link between aPL and AIHA in adult systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). This study performed an EMBASE/P...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2020-06-09 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms150712495
更新日期：2014-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Fluoroaromatic compounds are used as agrochemicals and released into environment as pollutants. Glycosylation of 2-, 3-, and 4-fluorophenols using plant cell cultures of Nicotiana tabacum was investigated to elucidate their potential to metabolize these compounds. Cultured N. tabacum cells converted 2-fluorophenol int...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms10051942
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abstract：:The polyplexes formed by nucleic acids and polycations have received a great attention owing to their potential application in gene therapy. In our study, we report experimental results and modeling outcomes regarding the optimization of polyplex formation between the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and poly(ʟ-Lysine) (PL...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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doi：10.3390/ijms18061291
更新日期：2017-06-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), an important traditional Chinese medicine, is cultured widely for its pharmacological effects, but little is known regarding the genes related to the metabolic regulation of the safflower's yellow pigment. To investigate genes related to safflor yellow biosynthesis, 454 pyrosequenc...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms161025657
更新日期：2015-10-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a serious health problem estimated to affect 350 million people globally. Importantly, MDD has repeatedly emerged as an etiological or prognostic factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD) development, including vascular pathology. Several linking pathomechanisms between MDD and ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2020-03-27 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2017-03-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2013-07-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of acetone extracts of the lichens Toninia candida and Usnea barbata and in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities of these extracts together with some of their major metabolites. The chemical composition of T. candida and U. barbat...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms131114707
更新日期：2012-11-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Astronauts are exposed to considerable doses of space radiation during long-term space missions. As complete shielding of the highly energetic particles is impracticable, the cellular response to space-relevant radiation qualities has to be understood in order to develop countermeasures and to reduce radiation risk un...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19082220
更新日期：2018-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The proliferative response of the neuroblastoma line NB69 to a 100 µT, 50 Hz magnetic field (MF) has been shown mediated by activation of the MAPK-ERK1/2 pathway. This work investigates the MF effect on the cell cycle of NB69, the participation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal (JNK) kinases in the field-induced proliferati...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17040510
更新日期：2016-04-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with increasing incidence and high mortality. Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment of patients with PDAC. Because of the late presentation of the disease, about 20 percent of patients are candidates for this treatment. The ave...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms17060809
更新日期：2016-05-26 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms141121781
更新日期：2013-11-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Poly(glutamic acid) has been studied with a nanosecond T-jump experiment. A new experimental set-up based on the frequency-quadrupling of an 82 MHz Titanium-Sapphire laser allows rapid CD measurements to be performed. Combining time-resolved absorption and circular dichroism at 204 and 220 nm, we are able to measure p...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms13022239
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maize ZmC1 and ZmR transcription factors belong to the MYB-type and bHLH families, respectively, and control anthocyanin biosynthesis. In this study, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was used to generate transgenic wheat plants that overexpress ZmC1 and ZmR or both, with the objective of developing anthocyanin-en...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20225806
更新日期：2019-11-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Silk sericin (SS) can accelerate cell proliferation and attachment; however, SS can be extracted by various methods, which result in SS exhibiting different physical and biological properties. We found that SS produced from various extraction methods has different molecular weights, zeta potential, particle size and a...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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doi：10.3390/ijms11052200
更新日期：2010-05-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Fatty acid metabolism is important in the regulation of breast cancer progression. Some of the proteins involved in fatty acid transport have been demonstrated to promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion in breast cancer cells. Solute carrier family 27 member 4 (SLC27A4) is a fatty acid transporter protein a...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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doi：10.3390/ijms19113434
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Relaxin is known to play an important role in animal pregnancies, including those of humans. It is suggested that relaxin induces aggressive cell growth and invasiveness in several types of cancer, including endometrial cancer. However, the mechanisms of relaxin remain largely unclear. In this study, we examined the e...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19082438
更新日期：2018-08-18 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2017-08-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The d-galactose (d-gal)-injected animal model, which is typically established by administering consecutive subcutaneous d-gal injections to animals for approximately six or eight weeks, has been frequently used for aging research. In addition, this animal model has been demonstrated to accelerate aging in the brain, k...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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更新日期：2016-01-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Tg2576 mice (APP), has provided valuable information, such as the role of the metallothionein (MT) family in their behavioral and amyloidosis phenotypes. In this study, we further characterize the role of MT-1 by crossing Mt1-overexpressing mice with Tg2576 mice (APPTgMT). ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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更新日期：2017-01-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The MAP kinase ERK5 contains an N-terminal kinase domain and a unique C-terminal tail including a nuclear localization signal and a transcriptional activation domain. ERK5 is activated in response to growth factors and stresses and regulates transcription at the nucleus by either phosphorylation or interaction with tr...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2020-03-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Live-cell microscopy is now routinely used to monitor the activities of the genetically encoded biosensor proteins that are designed to directly measure specific cell signaling events inside cells, tissues, or organisms. Most fluorescent biosensor proteins rely on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to report con...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms131114385
更新日期：2012-11-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy primarily works to counteract nutrient deprivation that is strongly engaged during starvation and hypoxia, which happens in hypoperfusion. Nonetheless, autophagy is slightly active even in baseline conditions, when it is useful to remove aged proteins and organelles. This is critical when the mitochondria an...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19092756
更新日期：2018-09-13 00:00:00
abstract：:N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency (NAGSD) is an extremely rare urea cycle disorder (UCD) with few adult cases so far described. Diagnosis of late-onset presentations is difficult and delayed treatment may increase the risk of severe hyperammonemia. We describe a 52-year-old woman with recurrent headaches who exper...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19020345
更新日期：2018-01-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Soil salinity is a key problem for crop production worldwide. High salt concentration in soil negatively modulates plant growth and development. In roots, salinity affects the growth and development of both primary and lateral roots. The phytohormone auxin regulates various developmental processes during the plant's l...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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更新日期：2020-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In this review, the effect of pharmaceuticals (PHRs) and personal care products (PCPs) on microalgal growth and metabolism is reported. Concentrations of various PHRs and PCPs that cause inhibition and toxicity to growths of different microalgal strains are summarized and compared. The effect of PHRs and PCPs on micro...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20102492
更新日期：2019-05-20 00:00:00
