Abstract:
:Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), an important traditional Chinese medicine, is cultured widely for its pharmacological effects, but little is known regarding the genes related to the metabolic regulation of the safflower's yellow pigment. To investigate genes related to safflor yellow biosynthesis, 454 pyrosequencing of flower RNA at different developmental stages was performed, generating large databases.In this study, we analyzed 454 sequencing data from different flowering stages in safflower. In total, 1,151,324 raw reads and 1,140,594 clean reads were produced, which were assembled into 51,591 unigenes with an average length of 679 bp and a maximum length of 5109 bp. Among the unigenes, 40,139 were in the early group, 39,768 were obtained from the full group and 28,316 were detected in both samples. With the threshold of "log2 ratio ≥ 1", there were 34,464 differentially expressed genes, of which 18,043 were up-regulated and 16,421 were down-regulated in the early flower library. Based on the annotations of the unigenes, 281 pathways were predicted. We selected 12 putative genes and analyzed their expression levels using quantitative real time-PCR. The results were consistent with the 454 sequencing results. In addition, the expression of chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase and anthocyanidin synthase, which are involved in safflor yellow biosynthesis and safflower yellow pigment (SYP) content, were analyzed in different flowering periods, indicating that their expression levels were related to SYP synthesis. Moreover, to further confirm the results of the 454 pyrosequencing, full-length cDNA of chalcone isomerase (CHI) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) were cloned from safflower petal by RACE (Rapid-amplification of cDNA ends) method according to fragment of the transcriptome.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Liu X,Dong Y,Yao N,Zhang Y,Wang N,Cui X,Li X,Wang Y,Wang F,Yang J,Guan L,Du L,Li H,Li Xdoi
10.3390/ijms161025657subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-10-26 00:00:00pages
25657-77issue
10issn
1422-0067pii
ijms161025657journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Plants infected with DNA viruses produce massive quantities of virus-derived, 24-nucleotide short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which can potentially direct viral DNA methylation and transcriptional silencing. However, growing evidence indicates that the circular double-stranded DNA accumulating in the nucleus for Pol II...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms140815233
更新日期:2013-07-24 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers due to a high chemoresistance and poor vascularization, which results in an ineffective systemic therapy. PDAC is characterized by a high intratumoral pressure, which is not captured by current 2D and 3D in vitro models. Here, we demonstrated a ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20184647
更新日期:2019-09-19 00:00:00
abstract::Saturated aqueous solutions of various common salts were examined for their effect on aqueous aldol reactions catalysted by a highly active C(2)-symmetric diprolinamide organocatalyst developed in our laboratory. With respect to the aldol reaction between cyclohexanone and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, deionised water was alwa...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms12129083
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stem cells for regenerative medicine purposes offer therapeutic benefits, but disadvantages are still ill defined. The benefit of stem cells may be attributed to their secretion of growth factors (GFs), cytokines (CKs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes. We present a novel cell-free stem cell-derive...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21249364
更新日期:2020-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::Prostate cancer is the most prevalent disease affecting males in many Western countries, with an estimated 29,480 deaths in 2014 in the US alone. Incidence rates for prostate cancer deaths have been decreasing since the early 1990s in men of all races/ethnicities, though they remain about 60% higher in African America...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms16023350
更新日期:2015-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::Astronauts are exposed to considerable doses of space radiation during long-term space missions. As complete shielding of the highly energetic particles is impracticable, the cellular response to space-relevant radiation qualities has to be understood in order to develop countermeasures and to reduce radiation risk un...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms19082220
更新日期:2018-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::The selective binding of six (S)-quinuclidine-triazoles and their (R)-enantiomers to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes α3β4 and α7, respectively, were analyzed by in silico docking to provide the insight into the molecular basis for the observed stereospecific subtype discrimination. Homology modeling ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21176189
更新日期:2020-08-27 00:00:00
abstract::It has recently been recognized that inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), upregulate the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) from cancer cells and thereby promote peritoneal dissemination. In this study, we found that TNF-α also stimulated peritoneal mesothelial cells to secrete...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms19123961
更新日期:2018-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of thyroid hormone disrupting chemicals (THDCs) on eye development of zebrafish were investigated. We expected THDC exposure to cause transcriptional changes of vision-related genes, which find their phenotypic anchoring in eye malformations and dysfunction, as observed in our previous studies. Zebrafish w...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20071543
更新日期:2019-03-27 00:00:00
abstract::Vascular inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis, a main complication of diabetes. The present study investigated whether an aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea (AP) prevents the TNF-α-induced vascular inflammatory process in the human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUV...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms13055628
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When isolated from mammalian cell nuclei, all nuclear pre-mRNAs are packaged in multi-subunit large ribonucleoprotein complexes-supraspliceosomes-composed of four native spliceosomes interconnected by the pre-mRNA. Supraspliceosomes contain all five spliceosomal U snRNPs, together with other splicing factors, and are ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms150711637
更新日期:2014-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::In wheat, flag leaf, stem, chaff and awns contribute to grain filling through photosynthesis and/or re-mobilization. Environmental and genetic effects on the relative contribution of each organ were examined by analyzing the consequences of sink-source manipulations (shading and excision) and by comparing carbon isoto...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms19010056
更新日期:2017-12-25 00:00:00
abstract::Neuropeptides such as vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are present in nerve fibers of bone tissues and have been suggested to potentially regulate bone remodeling. Oscillatory fluid flow (OFF)-induced shear stress is a potent signal in mechanotransduction that is capable o...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms15045874
更新日期:2014-04-08 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of calcium deposits in human lesions is largely used as imaging biomarkers of human diseases such as breast cancer. Indeed, the presence of micro- or macrocalcifications is frequently associated with the development of both benign and malignant lesions. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms involved in t...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms22010120
更新日期:2020-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin D deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency, affecting almost one billion people worldwide. Vitamin D is mostly known for its role in intestinal calcium absorption and bone mineralization. However, the observation of seasonal changes in blood pressure and the subsequent identification of vitamin D r...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21186483
更新日期:2020-09-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recently a greater interest in tissue engineering for the treatment of large bone defect has been reported. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of dental pulp stem cells and synthetic block complexes for bone defect treatment in preclinical in vivo ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21249765
更新日期:2020-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::The FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene plays crucial roles in regulating the transition from the vegetative to reproductive phase. To understand the molecular mechanism of reproduction, three homologous FT genes were isolated and characterized from Cymbidium sinense "Qi Jian Bai Mo", Cymbidium goeringii and Cymbidium ensifol...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms130911385
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The paper studies the combined effects of beta-emitting radionuclide tritium and Humic Substances (HS) on the marine unicellular microorganism-luminous bacteria-under conditions of low-dose radiation exposures (<0.04 Gy). Tritium was used as a component of tritiated water. Bacterial luminescence intensity was consider...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21186783
更新日期:2020-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::With advances in the understanding of characteristics of molecules, specific antigens on the surface of hematological malignant cells were identified and multiple therapies targeting these antigens as neoplasm treatments were developed. Among them, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, which got United State...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21228655
更新日期:2020-11-17 00:00:00
abstract::As a conserved actin-regulating protein, CAP (adenylyl Cyclase-Associated Protein) functions to facilitate the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. The ubiquitously expressed isoform CAP1 drives mammalian cell migration, and accordingly, most studies on the involvement of CAP1 in human cancers have largely been ba...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms20112653
更新日期:2019-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::Peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) potentially carries an archive of peptides relevant to pathological processes in abdominal and surrounding tissues. Magnetic beads and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry is one such approach that offers a unique tool for profiling of peptides...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms15011162
更新日期:2014-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::Targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2), a microtubule-associated protein, impacts spindle assembly in human cells. Several studies have demonstrated that TPX2 is overexpressed in different types of human cancers and promotes tumor growth and metastasis. In this study, we found that the expression ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms151018148
更新日期:2014-10-09 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding how cell organelles and compartments communicate with each other has always been an important field of knowledge widely explored by many researchers. However, despite years of investigations, one point-and perhaps the only point that many agree on-is that our knowledge about cellular-signaling pathways s...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21176173
更新日期:2020-08-26 00:00:00
abstract::Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease characterised by multisystemic vascular dysplasia. Heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) is a rare but severe complication of HHT. Both diseases can be the result of genetic mutations in ACVLR1 and ENG encoding for prote...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms19103203
更新日期:2018-10-17 00:00:00
abstract::NASH is becoming increasingly common worldwide because of the growing global prevalence of obesity and consequently NAFLD. Unfortunately, the mechanism of progression of NAFLD to NASH and then cirrhosis is not completely understood. Several factors, including insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, lipotox...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms19072034
更新日期:2018-07-13 00:00:00
abstract::Seed storability, defined as the ability to remain alive during storage, is an important agronomic and physiological characteristic, but the underlying genetic mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we report quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analyses for seed storability using a high-density single nucleotide polymorp...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20184442
更新日期:2019-09-09 00:00:00
abstract::A state of the art proteomic methodology using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI TOF) has been employed to characterize peptides modulated in the date palm stem subsequent to infestation with red palm weevil (RPW). Our analyses revealed 32 differentially expressed peptides associated wi...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms160819326
更新日期:2015-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding small RNAs, which play a crucial role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Recently, various reports revealed that miRNAs could be transmitted between species to mediate cross-kingdom regulation by integrating into a specific target gene-mediated regulatory pathway to ex...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms19072007
更新日期:2018-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Homologous recombination repair (HRR), non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and alternative NHEJ are major pathways that are utilized by cells for processing DNA double strand breaks (DNA-DSBs); their function plays an important role in the radiation resistance of tumor cells. Conflicting data exist regarding the role of...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20246316
更新日期:2019-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::We previously reported that oral formulations containing indomethacin nanoparticles (IND-NPs) showed high bioavailability, and, consequently, improved therapeutic effects and reduced injury to the small intestine. However, the pathway for the transintestinal penetration of nanoparticles remained unclear. Thus, in this...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20030476
更新日期:2019-01-22 00:00:00