Abstract：
:We respond to criticisms of Mendelian randomization (MR) by Mukamal, Stampfer and Rimm (MSR). MSR consider that MR is receiving too much attention and should be renamed. We explain how MR links to Mendel's laws, the origin of the name and our lack of concern regarding nomenclature. We address MSR's substantive points regarding MR of alcohol and cardiovascular disease, an issue on which they dispute the MR findings. We demonstrate that their strictures with respect to population stratification, confounding, weak instrument bias, pleiotropy and confounding have been addressed, and summarise how the field has advanced in relation to the issues they raise. We agree with MSR that "the hard problem of conducting high-quality, reproducible epidemiology" should be addressed by epidemiologists. However we see more evidence of confrontation of this issue within MR, as opposed to conventional observational epidemiology, within which the same methods that have demonstrably failed in the past are simply rolled out into new areas, leaving their previous failures unexamined.
journal_name
Eur J Epidemioljournal_title
European journal of epidemiologyauthors
Davey Smith G,Holmes MV,Davies NM,Ebrahim Sdoi
10.1007/s10654-020-00622-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-02-01 00:00:00pages
99-111issue
2eissn
0393-2990issn
1573-7284pii
10.1007/s10654-020-00622-7journal_volume
35pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:Pesticides are widely used toxics. The objective of the study is to evaluate the odds of exposure to pesticides in chronic bronchitis patients. METHODS:Using the American Thoracic Society standardized questionnaire confirmed by medical diagnosis of chronic bronchitis, a case-control study was performed in Le...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-006-9058-1
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:No population-based study has assessed the prognostic impact on survival of the CD19 positive lymphocyte count, evaluated by immunophenotyping at diagnosis, in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Aiming at addressing this issue, we investigated the clinical outcome of a well-defined population of B-CLL patien...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-005-3777-6
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To ascertain practical methods of estimating the population size of men who have sex with men (MSM) by field application. METHODS:Nine public places were selected, where men who have sex with men (MSM) frequented. Capture-recapture method and multiplier method were used to count the number of men who have se...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-005-4305-4
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Weight gain after smoking cessation can lessen the health benefits of, and reduce the incentives for, quitting smoking. Randomized clinical trials of smoking cessation have estimated this weight gain only over short periods of follow-up. We provide an estimate of long-term post-cessation weight gain in the Framingham ...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-016-0200-4
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe a material of 577 infants born of epileptic women treated with anticonvulsants in monotherapy during early pregnancy and collected from France, Italy, and Sweden. The incidence of major malformations is increased compared with the general population but no definite difference in risk can be demonstrated be...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00239754
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biomarkers are considered as tools to enhance cardiovascular risk estimation. However, the value of biomarkers on risk estimation beyond European risk scores, their comparative impact among different European regions and their role towards personalised medicine remains uncertain. Biomarker for Cardiovascular Risk Asse...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-014-9952-x
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paired maternal/cord blood samples were tested for anti-Toxoplasma IgG or IgM antibodies using Biomerieux Micro-EIA2 IgG and IgM test kits. Of the 1503 women tested at the time of delivery, 344 (22.9%) were IgG seropositive. Three hundred and one maternal sera, including 265 that were IgG positive, were tested for IgM...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1007392703037
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objectives of the cross-sectional study (EpiCoS) were to describe, at different stages, volunteers offering their blood, and to characterize various ways of collecting blood. From 15 September 1996 to 31 December 1996, individuals presenting at fixed or mobile sessions in one of 11 randomly selected blood banks we...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1007594716912
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to examine the validity--estimated as the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values--of questionnaire-based parental reporting on Danish children's use of asthma drugs. Within a population-based cross-sectional study on the association between asthma and dental anxiety, we compared pare...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-004-1501-6
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pseudomonas cepacia has occasionally been identified as an epidemic and endemic nosocomial pathogen. In outbreaks, usually one clinical site predominates but many may be involved. Detailed investigations have usually implicated a contaminated liquid reservoir or moist environmental surface as the source. Liquid source...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF00149728
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The European Eye Epidemiology (E3) consortium is a recently formed consortium of 29 groups from 12 European countries. It already comprises 21 population-based studies and 20 other studies (case-control, cases only, randomized trials), providing ophthalmological data on approximately 170,000 European participants. The...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-015-0098-2
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present the results of the investigation of an epidemic outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection which affected 95 schoolchildren from certain village in Catalonia. The investigation took an epidemiological, clinical and microbiological approach, detecting by capture enzyme-immunoassay technique the presence of ...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00145497
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a major cause of hospitalization in infants. Research suggests that immunomodulatory properties of vitamin D may influence LRTI risk. This study's objective was to examine whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in cord blood influenced susceptibility to LRTI...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-014-9918-z
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To identify predictors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity and assess the relation between COPD severity and risk of cardiovascular outcomes. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A cohort of patients with diagnosed and treated COPD was compiled from the Saskatchewan Health longitudinal databases. We...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-006-9066-1
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although elevated serum uric acid has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, its importance as a risk factor is still controversial. The authors examined the relationship between serum uric acid levels and death from all causes, including cardiovascular disease and stroke. The baseline data ...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1013735717961
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As part of an epidemiologic teaching exercise, we studied coronary risk factors in two consecutive classes of Jerusalem medical students (n = 124) and calculated a summary coronary risk score for each student. Men were at higher risk than women because of greater body mass, higher blood pressure and more cigarette smo...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237108
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The application of molecular genetic approaches with oral mutans streptococci has resulted in the isolation of several genes which may be involved in the cariogenicity of these organisms. Among these are genes coding for cell surface proteins, sucrose metabolizing enzymes, and glycosyltransferase activities. The isola...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00149733
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between alcohol consumption and occurrence of peripheral arterial disease in the general population. During 1988 in a cross sectional survey, the Edinburgh Artery Study, 1,592 men and women aged 55-74 years were selected at random from the age-sex registers of te...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01719940
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The last case of poliomyelitis due to transmission of indigenous wild poliovirus occurred in Italy in 1982. To achieve the certification of the eradication of poliomyelitis in Italy, an active surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in the population aged less than 15 years was set up following the World Health ...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1007697421114
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of Q-fever has recently been isolated from sheep in southern Sweden. In this region 24-30% of sheep farmers have been exposed to the organism as shown by serological measurements. In veterinarians, another group with high risk of exposure to C. burnetii, about 12% have antibodi...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00158795
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies concerning the association between physical activity (PA) and mortality in breast cancer yielded mixed results. We investigated the association by performing a meta-analysis of all available studies. Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE to January 2014. We calculated the sum...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1007/s10654-014-9916-1
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The incidence of Crohn's disease (CD) has been shown to be lower in Southern than in Northern Europe. Data on the frequency of the NOD2/CARD15 mutations for Mediterranean area are very scant. AIM:To determine the incidence of CD from 1979 to 2002 in a township in Sicily together with the allele frequency of...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-006-9054-5
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Rotterdam Study is an ongoing prospective cohort study that started in 1990 in the city of Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The study aims to unravel etiology, preclinical course, natural history and potential targets for intervention for chronic diseases in mid-life and late-life. The study focuses on cardiovascular, ...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-020-00640-5
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Fetal life events may affect the development of the immune and/or respiratory system and increase the risk of asthma and allergic diseases. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that pregnancy complications are associated with the risk of developing asthma in the off-spring. METHODS:The stu...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1025395405101
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exogenous sex hormones seem to play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Little is known about the influence of different types or durations of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) on colorectal cancer risk. A nationwide cohort of women 50-79 years old without previous cancer (n = 1,006,219) were followed 1995-2009. In...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-016-0116-z
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Descriptive epidemiological and genealogical data obtained by prospective and retrospective studies on CJD in Slovakia and in patients emigrating from CJD clusters were analysed. Observations contradictory to an exclusively genetic etiology of temporo-spatial accumulation of CJD are presented. Data indicating a geneti...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00143119
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multilevel analysis is today considered a more appropriate way to monitor health care performance, as it allows a less biased estimation of uncertainty, and can also separate and quantify contextual (as opposed to individual) effects. Multilevel analysis should be applied as the standard methodology for hospital compa...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 评论,信件
doi：10.1007/s10654-005-2065-9
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are a heterogeneous group regarding their body mass index (BMI) levels at the time of diagnosis. To address the heterogeneity of CVD, we examined the trajectories of change in body mass index (BMI) and in other cardio-metabolic risk factors before CVD diagnosis. The study inc...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-016-0131-0
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of sexual transmission in the diffusion of HCV infection, was studied through the seroprevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in the heterosexual habitual partners of 83 anti-HCV positive subjects. The index cases were represented by 10 dialysed subjects, 31 patients with chronic liver disease and 42 healthy carrie...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00145412
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The contribution of different biological pathways to the development of type 2 diabetes was quantified in a case-cohort design based on circulating blood biomarkers from participants aged 35-65 years in the EPIC-Potsdam Study. The analytic sample included 613 participants with incident diabetes and 1965 participants w...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-010-9539-0
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
