Abstract：
:Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), extracellular matrix molecules that increase dramatically following a variety of CNS injuries or diseases, have long been known for their potent capacity to curtail cell migrations as well as axon regeneration and sprouting. The inhibition can be conferred through binding to their major cognate receptor, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Sigma (PTPσ). However, the precise mechanisms downstream of receptor binding that mediate growth inhibition have remained elusive. Recently, CSPGs/PTPσ interactions were found to regulate autophagic flux at the axon growth cone by dampening the autophagosome-lysosomal fusion step. Because of the intense interest in autophagic phenomena in the regulation of a wide variety of critical cellular functions, we summarize here what is currently known about dysregulation of autophagy following spinal cord injury, and highlight this critical new mechanism underlying axon regeneration failure. Furthermore, we review how CSPGs/PTPσ interactions influence plasticity through autophagic regulation and how PTPσ serves as a switch to execute either axon outgrowth or synaptogenesis. This has exciting implications for the role CSPGs play not only in axon regeneration failure after spinal cord injury, but also in neurodegenerative diseases where, again, inhibitory CSPGs are upregulated.
journal_name
Exp Neuroljournal_title
Experimental neurologyauthors
Tran AP,Warren PM,Silver Jdoi
10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113276subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-06-01 00:00:00pages
113276eissn
0014-4886issn
1090-2430pii
S0014-4886(20)30107-2journal_volume
328pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Adult mammalian retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can regenerate through peripheral nerve (PN) grafts and innervate central nervous system (CNS) targets. Previous studies have demonstrated a basic level of differentiation of such projections. To further assess the specificity and functionality of regenerated CNS connectio...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1997.6495
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journal_title：Experimental neurology
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journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.2000.7408
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journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic nerve compression (CNC) injuries induce a robust Schwann cell proliferation in a distinct spatial and temporal pattern, which is accompanied by an increase in the number of small un-myelinated axons in the area of the injury. These findings suggest that this local proliferation of Schwann cells may induce loca...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.02.134
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abstract：:The present study was carried out to determine if augmentation of phrenic nerve activity during the crossed phrenic phenomenon temporally coincides with the morphological changes in the phrenic nucleus that we have observed in previous studies. This investigation consisted of two experiments in spinal cord hemisected ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(91)90012-2
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.2001.7759
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates is a heterogeneous organ system innervated to varying degrees by a local enteric neural network as well as extrinsic parasympathetic and sympathetic neural circuits located along the brainstem and spinal axis. This diverse organ system serves to regulate the secretory and prop...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is a relatively non-invasive technique with putative therapeutic effects in major depression. However, the exact neurophysiological basis of these effects needs further clarification. Therefore, we studied the impact of ten daily...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1994.1028
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whereas quite a number of previous reports have shown that the developing brain is vulnerable to protein deprivation, the mature CNS is usually considered resistant to this condition. To explore this assumption the present experimental model was built on groups of 2-month-old rats fed with a low-protein diet (8% casei...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(89)90081-2
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.02.007
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most neurons in the dorsal neostriatum die 1 day after 30 min of cerebral ischemia. Dopamine may play a role in the pathogenesis of neuronal injury in neostriatum following ischemia. It has been shown that the number of surviving neurons in the right neostriatum dramatically increased following ischemia after lesions ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1999.7074
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of high purity and functional integrity was isolated from skeletal muscle of normal and ethanol-tolerant rats. Ethanol at low concentrations (0.1 to 0.2 M), added in vitro to isolated SR, resulted in slight inhibition of both calcium loading and calcium-stimulated ATPase rates. Higher conce...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(83)90308-4
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(83)90328-x
更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.12.027
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.2001.7849
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(92)90217-e
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
