Abstract:
:Motor unit synchronization is the tendency of motor neurons and their associated muscle fibers to discharge near-simultaneously. It has been theorized as a control mechanism for force generation by common excitatory inputs to these motor neurons. Magnitude of synchronization is calculated from peaks in cross-correlation histograms between motor unit discharge trains. However, there are many different methods for detecting these peaks and even more indices for calculating synchronization from them. Methodology is diverse, typically laboratory-specific and requires expensive software, like Matlab or LabView. This lack of standardization makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions about motor unit synchronization. A free, open-source toolbox, "motoRneuron", for the R programming language, has been developed which contains functions for calculating time domain synchronization using different methods found in the literature. The objective of this paper is to detail the toolbox's functionality and present a case study showing how the same synchronization index can differ when different methods are used to compute it. A pair of motor unit action potential trains were collected from the forearm during a isometric finger flexion task using fine wire electromyography. The motoRneuron package was used to analyze the discharge time of the motor units for time-domain synchronization. The primary function "mu_synch" automatically performed the cross-correlation analysis using three different peak detection methods, the cumulative sum method, the z-score method, and a subjective visual method. As function parameters defined by the user, only first order recurrence intervals were calculated and a 1 ms bin width was used to create the cross correlation histogram. Output from the function were six common synchronization indices, the common input strength (CIS), k', k' - 1, E, S, and Synch Index. In general, there was a high degree of synchronization between the two motor units. However, there was a varying degree of synchronization between methods. For example, the widely used CIS index, which represents a rate of synchronized discharges, shows a 45% difference between the visual and z-score methods. This singular example demonstrates how a lack of consensus in motor unit synchronization methodologies may lead to substantially differing results between studies. The motoRneuron toolbox provides researchers with a standard interface and software to examine time-domain motor unit synchronization.
journal_name
PeerJjournal_title
PeerJauthors
Tweedell AJ,Tenan MSdoi
10.7717/peerj.7907subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-12-10 00:00:00pages
e7907issn
2167-8359pii
7907journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PeerJ文献大全abstract::Insect pollinators provide an essential ecosystem service by transferring pollen to crops and native vegetation. The extent to which pollinator communities vary both spatially and temporally has important implications for ecology, conservation and agricultural production. However, understanding the complex interaction...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.5806
更新日期:2018-10-19 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are among the most widely prescribed class of drugs in the practice of psychiatry. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 and CYP2D6 are established as clinically relevant drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) that influence the pharmacokinetics of SSRIs and may either be group...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.7860
更新日期:2019-10-09 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated pollution levels in water and sediments of Península de Paraguaná and related these levels with benthic macrofauna along a coastal area where the largest Venezuelan oil refineries have operated over the past 60 years. For this, the concentration of heavy metals, of hydrocarbon compounds and the co...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.2171
更新日期:2016-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::Dilated cardiomyopathy is a prevalent and often fatal disease in humans and dogs. Indeed dilated cardiomyopathy is the third most common form of cardiac disease in humans, reported to affect approximately 36 individuals per 100,000 individuals. In dogs, dilated cardiomyopathy is the second most common cardiac disease ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.842
更新日期:2015-03-26 00:00:00
abstract::The systematic relationships of taxa traditionally referred to as 'basal ornithopods' or 'hypsilophodontids' remain poorly resolved since it was discovered that these taxa are not a monophyletic group, but rather a paraphyletic set of neornithischian taxa. Thus, even as the known diversity of these taxa has dramatical...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.1523
更新日期:2015-12-22 00:00:00
abstract:Background:SHOX mutations have previously been described as causes of Léri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD), Langer mesomelic dysplasia (LMD), and idiopathic short stature. The loss of X chromosome-Turner syndrome or mosaic 45,X/46,XX or 46,XY-also leads to the heterozygous loss of SHOX in patients with short stature only...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.10236
更新日期:2020-11-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) is an emerging opportunistic human pathogen. It can cause pulmonary infections, lymphadenitis and disseminated infections in immuno-compromised patients. In addition, MAH is widespread in the environment, since it has been isolated from water, soil or dust. In rec...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.2833
更新日期:2017-01-03 00:00:00
abstract::Palythoa caribaeorum is a zoanthid often dominant in shallow rocky environments along the west coast of the Atlantic Ocean, from the tropics to the subtropics. This species has high environmental tolerance and is a good space competitor in reef environments. Considering current and future scenarios in the global clima...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.4777
更新日期:2018-05-17 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Overweight (OW) is considered a risk for various metabolic diseases. However, its effects as a mechanism that alters the metabolite profiles remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects that OW has on the lipid and metabolite profiles in young adults. Methods:The serum metabolite ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.7137
更新日期:2019-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::Background. A "cafeteria" diet is a self-selected high-fat diet, providing an excess of energy, which can induce obesity. Excess of lipids in the diet hampers glucose utilization eliciting insulin resistance, which, further limits amino acid oxidation for energy. Methods. Male Wistar rats were exposed for a month to "...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.2302
更新日期:2016-08-03 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:This study aimed to examine differences between track and field (T&F) runners and foot-orienteers (Foot-O) in the walking and running tests in the absence of vision and hearing. We attempted to determine whether experienced foot orienteers show better ability to maintain the indicated direction compared to trac...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.7736
更新日期:2019-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::Resistance strategies of clonal organs, and parent and offspring shoots of Phragmites australis (common reed) to heavy metal pollution in soils are not well known. To clarify the tolerance or resistance strategies in reeds, we conducted a pot experiment with five levels of Pb concentration (0∼4,500 mg kg-1) in flood a...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.4188
更新日期:2018-01-03 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Inhibition processing is sensitive to aging, and an age-related decline in inhibition processing has been associated with an accelerated rate of progression to Alzheimer disease. Elderly women are two to three times more likely than age-matched men to have Alzheimer disease. Therefore, this study examined wh...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.6523
更新日期:2019-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::Species identification-of importance for most biological disciplines-is not always straightforward as cryptic species hamper traditional identification. Fibre-optic near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid and inexpensive method of use in various applications, including the identification of species. Despite its e...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.991
更新日期:2015-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Coral diseases are a leading factor contributing to the global decline of coral reefs, and yet mechanisms of disease transmission remain poorly understood. This study tested whether zooplankton can act as a vector for white band disease (WBD) in Acropora cervicornis. Natural zooplankton communities were collected from...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.3502
更新日期:2017-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::Sex reversal is a complex biological phenomenon exhibited by Cynoglossus semilaevis. Some genetic females may irreversibly convert to pseudomales, thus increasing aquaculture costs because males grow much more slowly than females. In this study, an integrative analysis of transcriptome and proteome was performed to co...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8801
更新日期:2020-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::Equine Herpesviruses (EHV) are common and often latent pathogens of equids which can cause fatalities when transmitted to non-equids. Stress and elevated glucocorticoids have been associated with EHV reactivation in domestic horses, but little is known about the correlation between stress and viral reactivation in wil...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.5422
更新日期:2018-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::Background. Just as for most other tortoise species, the once common Chaco tortoise, Chelonoidis chilensis (Testudinidae), is under constant threat across it distribution in Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. Despite initial qualitative description of the species distribution and further individual reports of new locati...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.1298
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genus Corbicula consists of estuarine or freshwater clams native to temperate/tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Australia that collectively encompass both sexual species and clonal (androgenetic) lineages. The latter have become globally invasive in freshwater systems and they represent some of the most succes...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.7484
更新日期:2019-08-22 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:Pterygium results from a variety of biological pathways that are involved in the formation of ocular surface diseases. However, the exact pathogenesis of pterygium is still unclear. Our study focused on gene expression profiles to better understand the potential mechanisms of pterygium. Methods:RNA sequencing ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.9056
更新日期:2020-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::Sugarcane-soybean intercropping has been widely used to control disease and improve nutrition in the field. However, the response of the soil microbial community diversity and structure to intercropping is not well understood. Since microbial diversity corresponds to soil quality and plant health, a pot experiment was...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.6412
更新日期:2019-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction. Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent cancers in the world and liver metastases are seen in up to 19% of patients with colorectal cancers. Detection of liver metastases is not only vital for sufficient treatment and survival, but also for a better estimation of prognosis. The aim of this study wa...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.1532
更新日期:2016-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::It is deemed important to understand cetacean occurrence and distribution to comprehend their ecological roles. The geographical occurrence of species' niche can be used to better describe their potential distribution. The niche can be defined using environmental variables. Those variables are considered static and no...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.10000
更新日期:2020-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::Rhizoctonia solani causes the disease peanut sheath blight, involving symptoms of maceration and necrosis of infected tissue, mainly caused by cell-wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs). This study investigated the production of CWDEs including polygalacturonase (PG), polymethyl-galacturonase (PMG), cellulase (Cx) and β-gluc...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.5580
更新日期:2018-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::Current ovarian cancer treatment involves chemotherapy that has serious limitations, such as rapid clearance, unfavorable biodistribution and severe side effects. To overcome these limitations, drug delivery systems (DDS) have been developed to encapsulate chemotherapeutics for delivery to tumor cells. However, no sys...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.1489
更新日期:2015-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of pre-diabetes (PD) among US adults has increased substantially over the past two decades. By current estimates, over 34% of US adults fall in the PD category, 84% of whom meet the American Diabetes Association's criteria for impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Low physical activity (PA) and/or sedentary b...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.499
更新日期:2014-08-19 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The increasing production of sewage sludge (SS) engenders the problem of its responsible utilization and disposal. Likewise, urban sediments (SED) are deposited at the bottom of urban reservoirs and sedimentation ponds, and these require periodical dredging and utilization. However, while the SS and SED depo...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.6743
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternal thyroid hormones (THs) are known to be crucial in embryonic development in humans, but their influence on other, especially wild, animals remains poorly understood. So far, the studies that experimentally investigated the consequences of maternal THs focused on short-term effects, while early organisational e...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.10175
更新日期:2020-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::A feeding trial was conducted to assess the feasibility of supplementing taurine in soy-based diets for juvenile starry flounder Platichthys stellatus. The basal diet (Crude protein 66.5%, crude lipid 8.5%) was supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5% taurine to formulate six test diets. Each die...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.10597
更新日期:2021-01-11 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) had been reported to be associated with tendinopathy. However, the underlying mechanisms of diabetic tendinopathy still remain largely to be discovered. The purpose of this study was to develop insulin resistance (IR) model on primary human tenocytes (hTeno) culture with tumou...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8740
更新日期:2020-06-08 00:00:00