During infant maltreatment, stress targets hippocampus, but stress with mother present targets amygdala and social behavior.

abstract：:A discussion of the range of applicability of Forster long-range energy transfer in the determination of macromolecular dimensions and conformational dynamics is given. Emphasis is laid on the effect of restrictions in the orientational freedom of donor and acceptor and on the importance of the orientational averaging...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dale RE,Eisinger J

更新日期：1976-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We established stable COS-7 cell lines overexpressing recombinant PTPMEG and an inactive mutant form in which the active site cysteine is mutated to serine (PTPMEGCS). We found that both endogenous and recombinant enzyme were primarily located in the membrane and cytoskeletal fractions of COS-7 cells. Endogenous PTPME...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gu M,Meng K,Majerus PW

更新日期：1996-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Signaling by a variety of receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases is mediated by Ras, a membrane-associated GTPase. Expression of v-Src, a transforming nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, results in Ras activation, and inhibition of Ras function in NIH 3T3 cells suppresses transformation by v-Src, indicating that in these ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aftab DT,Kwan J,Martin GS

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The partial amino acid sequences of human T-cell growth factors (TCGFs) isolated from normal peripheral blood lymphocytes and from a leukemia T-cell line (Jurkat) show that the amino-terminal sequences of the two proteins (15 residues) are identical. Oligonucleotides based on the published Jurkat TCGF DNA sequence wer...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Clark SC,Arya SK,Wong-Staal F,Matsumoto-Kobayashi M,Kay RM,Kaufman RJ,Brown EL,Shoemaker C,Copeland T,Oroszlan S

更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant viruses are submitted to narrow population bottlenecks both during infection of their hosts and during horizontal transmission between host individuals. The size of bottlenecks exerted on virus populations during plant invasion has been estimated in a few pathosystems but is not addressed yet for horizontal tran...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moury B,Fabre F,Senoussi R

更新日期：2007-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Pancreatic beta cells respond to changes in blood glucose by secreting insulin and increasing insulin synthesis. To identify genes used in these responses, we have carried out expression profiling of beta cells exposed to high (25 mM) or low (5.5 mM) glucose by using oligonucleotide microarrays. Functional clustering ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Webb GC,Akbar MS,Zhao C,Steiner DF

更新日期：2000-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelial cells (ECs) not only are important for oxygen delivery but also act as a paracrine source for signals that determine the balance between tissue regeneration and fibrosis. Here we show that genetic inactivation of flow-induced transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) in ECs results in reduced liver...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Manavski Y,Abel T,Hu J,Kleinlützum D,Buchholz CJ,Belz C,Augustin HG,Boon RA,Dimmeler S

更新日期：2017-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The four principal gut epithelial cell lineages undergo continuous and rapid renewal during a geographically well-organized migration along the crypt-to-villus axis. The molecules that regulate their proliferation and differentiation programs are largely unknown. The large tumor antigen (TAg) of wild-type (wt) simian ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim SH,Roth KA,Coopersmith CM,Pipas JM,Gordon JI

更新日期：1994-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Reduction of prefrontal cortex glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67) and reelin (mRNAs and proteins) expression is the most consistent finding reported by several studies of postmortem schizophrenia (SZ) brains. Converging evidence suggests that the reduced GAD67 and reelin expression in cortical GABAergic interneurons ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dong E,Agis-Balboa RC,Simonini MV,Grayson DR,Costa E,Guidotti A

更新日期：2005-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The long-term viability of a forest industry in the Amazon region of Brazil depends on the maintenance of adequate timber volume and growth in healthy forests. Using extensive high-resolution satellite analyses, we studied the forest damage caused by recent logging operations and the likelihood that logged forests wou...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Asner GP,Broadbent EN,Oliveira PJ,Keller M,Knapp DE,Silva JN

更新日期：2006-08-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies have shown that hemophilia B (Christmas disease; factor IX deficiency) results from many different mutations in the factor IX gene, of which greater than 95% are single nucleotide substitutions. This study has identified a previously unreported form of hemophilia B in a patient who was a somatic mosaic for a g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Taylor SA,Deugau KV,Lillicrap DP

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA replication intermediates in human melanoma cells have been investigated by using the drug aphidicolin, which inhibits DNA polymerase alpha. In untreated cells, Okazaki fragments and 10-kilobase (kb) DNA intermediates are formed. In aphidicolin-treated cells, the replication fork is stopped and there is no formati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lönn U,Lönn S

更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In contrast to the Hox genes in arthropods and vertebrates, those in molluscs show diverse expression patterns with differences reported among lineages. Here, we investigate 2 phylogenetically distant molluscs, a gastropod and a polyplacophoran, and show that the Hox expression in both species can be divided into 2 ca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huan P,Wang Q,Tan S,Liu B

更新日期：2020-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Obligate intracellular pathogens such as Leishmania specifically target host phagocytes for survival and replication. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ), a member of the class I PI3Ks that is highly expressed by leukocytes, controls cell migration by initiating actin polymerization and cytoskeletal reorganization, wh...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cummings HE,Barbi J,Reville P,Oghumu S,Zorko N,Sarkar A,Keiser TL,Lu B,Rückle T,Varikuti S,Lezama-Davila C,Wewers MD,Whitacre C,Radzioch D,Rommel C,Seveau S,Satoskar AR

更新日期：2012-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) adopt heterogeneous ensembles of conformations under physiological conditions. Understanding the relationship between amino acid sequence and conformational ensembles of IDPs can help clarify the role of disorder in physiological function. Recent studies revealed that polar IDP...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mao AH,Crick SL,Vitalis A,Chicoine CL,Pappu RV

更新日期：2010-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell-based or pharmacological approaches for promoting tendon repair are currently not available because the molecular mechanisms of tendon development and healing are not well understood. Although analysis of knockout mice provides many critical insights, small animals such as mice have some limitations. In particula...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Suzuki H,Ito Y,Shinohara M,Yamashita S,Ichinose S,Kishida A,Oyaizu T,Kayama T,Nakamichi R,Koda N,Yagishita K,Lotz MK,Okawa A,Asahara H

更新日期：2016-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:With the goal of developing techniques for DNA insertional mutagenesis in zebrafish, we established procedures for rapidly obtaining and injecting large numbers of fertilized eggs. Using either of two plasmid constructs, we injected uncut DNA into fertilized eggs at the one- or two-cell stage. Fish hatched from inject...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Culp P,Nüsslein-Volhard C,Hopkins N

更新日期：1991-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The hydrodynamic properties of the detergent-solubilized, terminal membrane complex of serum complement components C5-C9 [C5b-9(m)] were studied to obtain an estimate of its molecular weight. In a solution of Triton X-100/deoxycholate, the protein complex binds 17% Triton X-100 and 11% deoxycholate by weight. The sedi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bhakdi S,Tranum-Jensen J

更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three lines of evidence for abrupt tropical climate change, both past and present, are presented. First, annually and decadally averaged delta(18)O and net mass-balance histories for the last 400 and 2,000 yr, respectively, demonstrate that the current warming at high elevations in the mid- to low latitudes is unprece...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thompson LG,Mosley-Thompson E,Brecher H,Davis M,León B,Les D,Lin PN,Mashiotta T,Mountain K

更新日期：2006-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:This study demonstrates that significantly shortened telomeres are a hallmark of cardiomyocytes (CMs) from individuals with end-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) as a result of heritable defects in cardiac proteins critical to contractile function. Positioned at the ends of chromo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chang ACY,Chang ACH,Kirillova A,Sasagawa K,Su W,Weber G,Lin J,Termglinchan V,Karakikes I,Seeger T,Dainis AM,Hinson JT,Seidman J,Seidman CE,Day JW,Ashley E,Wu JC,Blau HM

更新日期：2018-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Mesophyll protoplasts of Lycopersicon esculentum were treated with iodoacetamide to inactivate mitochondria, and protoplasts of Solanum acaule and Solanum tuberosum were irradiated with gamma- or x-rays to inactivate nuclei. Mixtures of protoplasts thus modified were treated with Ca2+ and polyethylene glycol to obtain...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Melchers G,Mohri Y,Watanabe K,Wakabayashi S,Harada K

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:According to the lipid raft hypothesis, biological lipid membranes are laterally heterogeneous and filled with nanoscale ordered "raft" domains, which are believed to play an important role for the organization of proteins in membranes. However, the mechanisms stabilizing such small rafts are not clear, and even their...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meinhardt S,Vink RL,Schmid F

更新日期：2013-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of the MEK/ERK/Elk-signaling cascade is a mechanism for relaying mitogenic and stress stimuli for gene activation. MEK1 is the proximate kinase for activation of ERK1/2, and nuclear targeting of ERK1/2 is obligatory for Elk1 transcriptional activity. Human biliverdin reductase (hBVR) is a recently described...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lerner-Marmarosh N,Miralem T,Gibbs PE,Maines MD

更新日期：2008-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection of mice with sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei or Plasmodium yoelii has been used extensively to evaluate liver-stage protection by candidate preerythrocytic malaria vaccines. Unfortunately, repeated success of such vaccines in mice has not translated readily to effective malaria vaccines in humans. Thus, mi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schmidt NW,Podyminogin RL,Butler NS,Badovinac VP,Tucker BJ,Bahjat KS,Lauer P,Reyes-Sandoval A,Hutchings CL,Moore AC,Gilbert SC,Hill AV,Bartholomay LC,Harty JT

更新日期：2008-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Estrogen receptors (ERs) protect pancreatic islet survival in mice through rapid extranuclear actions. ERalpha also enhances insulin synthesis in cultured islets. Whether ERalpha stimulates insulin synthesis in vivo and, if so, through which mechanism(s) remain largely unknown. To address these issues, we generated a ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wong WP,Tiano JP,Liu S,Hewitt SC,Le May C,Dalle S,Katzenellenbogen JA,Katzenellenbogen BS,Korach KS,Mauvais-Jarvis F

更新日期：2010-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A codon-optimized mouse LINE-1 element, ORFeus, exhibits dramatically higher retrotransposition frequencies compared with its native long interspersed element 1 counterpart. To establish a retrotransposon-mediated mouse model with regulatable and potent mutagenic capabilities, we generated a tetracycline (tet)-regulat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： O'Donnell KA,An W,Schrum CT,Wheelan SJ,Boeke JD

更新日期：2013-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：:N-Acetylvalyl-tRNA1Val (AcVal-tRNA1Val) was bound to the P site of uniformly 32P-labeled 70S ribosomes from Escherichia coli and crosslinked to 16S RNA in the 30S ribosomal subunit by irradiation with light of 300-400 nm. To identify the crosslinked nucleotide in 16S RNA. AcVal-tRNA1Val-16S [32P]RNA was digested compl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Prince JB,Taylor BH,Thurlow DL,Ofengand J,Zimmermann RA

更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A diverse range of neural cell types is generated from a pool of dividing stem and progenitor cells in an orderly manner during development. Little is known of the molecular and cellular biology underpinning the intrinsic control of this process. We have used a nonbiased method to purify populations of neural progenit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Livesey FJ,Young TL,Cepko CL

更新日期：2004-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:It recently has been shown that epithelial Na(+) channels are controlled by a receptor for intracellular Na(+), a G protein (G(o)), and a ubiquitin-protein ligase (Nedd4). Furthermore, mutations in the epithelial Na(+) channel that underlie the autosomal dominant form of hypertension known as Liddle's syndrome inhibit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ishibashi H,Dinudom A,Harvey KF,Kumar S,Young JA,Cook DI

更新日期：1999-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The alternative splicing of mRNA is a critical process in higher eukaryotes that generates substantial proteomic diversity. Many of the proteins that are essential to this process contain arginine/serine-rich (RS) domains. ZRANB2 is a widely-expressed and highly-conserved RS-domain protein that can regulate alternativ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Loughlin FE,Mansfield RE,Vaz PM,McGrath AP,Setiyaputra S,Gamsjaeger R,Chen ES,Morris BJ,Guss JM,Mackay JP

更新日期：2009-04-07 00:00:00