Abstract：
:Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common type of liver cancer, and is highly aggressive with very poor prognosis. CCA is classified into intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA), which is further stratified into perihilar (pCCA) and distal (dCCA). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells capable of tumor initiation and malignant growth, and are also responsible for chemoresistance. Thus, CSCs play an important role in CCA carcinogenesis. Surface markers such as CD133, CD24, CD44, EpCAM, Sox2, CD49f, and CD117 are important for identifying and isolating CCA CSCs. CSCs are present in the tumor microenvironment (TME), termed 'CSC niche', where cellular components and soluble factors interact to promote tumor initiation. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is another important mechanism underlying carcinogenesis, involved in the invasiveness, metastasis and chemoresistance of cancer. It has been demonstrated that EMT plays a critical role in generating CSCs. Therapies targeting the surface markers and signaling pathways of CCA CSCs, proteins involved in TME, and immune checkpoint proteins are currently under investigation. Therefore, this review focuses on recent studies on the roles of CSCs in CCA; the possible therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs of CCA are also discussed.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Wu HJ,Chu PYdoi
10.3390/ijms20174154subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-08-25 00:00:00issue
17issn
1422-0067pii
ijms20174154journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Somatic embryos (SE) have potential to rapidly form a whole plant. Generally, SE is thought to be derived from embryogenic calli (EC). However, in maize, not only embryogenic calli (EC, can generate SE) but also nonembryogenic calli (NEC, can't generate SE) can be induced from immature embryos. In order to understand ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2019-08-19 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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更新日期：2020-06-29 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2017-04-26 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2017-11-27 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2019-07-29 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-05-21 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2016-07-25 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2020-02-28 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms15033784
更新日期：2014-03-03 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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更新日期：2017-11-09 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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更新日期：2015-04-13 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, we used a recombinant produced C-terminus (D194-F319) of the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE) to functionalize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for a subsequent specific killing of claudin expressing tumor cells using the gold nanoparticle-mediated laser perforation (GNOME-LP) technique. For a future in...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
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更新日期：2019-08-30 00:00:00
