Abstract:
:Current demographic trends in the UK include a fast-growing elderly population and dropping birth rates, and demand for social care among the aged is rising. The UK depends on informal social care-family members or friends providing care-for some 50% of care provision. However, lower birth rates and a greying population mean that care availability is becoming a significant problem, causing concern among policy-makers that substantial public investment in formal care will be required in decades to come. In this paper, we present an agent-based simulation of care provision in the UK, in which individual agents can decide to provide informal care, or pay for private care, for their loved ones. Agents base these decisions on factors including their own health, employment status, financial resources, relationship to the individual in need and geographical location. Results demonstrate that the model can produce similar patterns of care need and availability as are observed in the real world, despite the model containing minimal empirical data. We propose that our model better captures the complexities of social care provision than other methods, due to the socioeconomic details present and the use of kinship networks to distribute care among family members.
journal_name
R Soc Open Scijournal_title
Royal Society open scienceauthors
Gostoli U,Silverman Edoi
10.1098/rsos.190029subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-07-17 00:00:00pages
190029issue
7issn
2054-5703pii
rsos190029journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The differences in life-history traits and processes between organisms living in the same or different populations contribute to their ecological and evolutionary dynamics. We developed mixed-effect model formulations of the popular size-at-age von Bertalanffy and Gompertz growth functions to estimate individual and g...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.192146
更新日期:2020-04-08 00:00:00
abstract::The broad biogeographic distribution of Hesperornis fossils in Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway deposits has prompted questions about whether they endured polar winters or migrated between mid- and high latitudes. Here, we compare microstructures of hesperornithiform long bones from Kansas and the Arctic to inv...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.140245
更新日期:2014-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Due to a wide range of applications, sand casting occupies an important position in modern casting practice. The main purpose of this study was to optimize the performance parameters of sand casting based on grey relational analysis and predict the missing data using back propagation (BP) neural network. First, the in...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.181860
更新日期:2019-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial communities are often highly diverse with several closely related species (or strains) coexisting together. These bacteria compete for resources and the competitive exclusion principle predicts that all but the fastest-growing bacteria will go extinct. When exposed to phage, it is predicted that bacterial st...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.201118
更新日期:2020-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::We combined clinical, cytokine, genomic, methylation and dietary data from 43 young adult monozygotic twin pairs (aged 22-36 years, 53% female), where 25 of the twin pairs were substantially weight discordant (delta body mass index > 3 kg m-2). These measurements were originally taken as part of the TwinFat study, a s...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.200872
更新日期:2020-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Wildlife researchers often rely on demographic data collected from harvested animals to estimate population dynamics. But demographic data from harvested animals may be non-representative if hunters/trappers have the ability and motivation to preferentially select for certain physical traits. Hunter preference is well...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.180668
更新日期:2018-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::Hierarchical VOOH hollow spheres with low crystallinity composed of nanoparticles were prepared by a facile and template-free method, which involved a precipitation of precursor microspheres in aqueous solution at room temperature and subsequent hydrothermal reaction. Quasi-solid-state symmetric and asymmetric superca...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.171768
更新日期:2018-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::In a previous article, an algorithm for identifying therapeutic targets in Boolean networks modelling pathological mechanisms was introduced. In the present article, the improvements made on this algorithm, named kali, are described. These improvements are (i) the possibility to work on asynchronous Boolean networks, ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.171852
更新日期:2018-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::Insect wing veins are biological composites of chitin and protein arranged in a complex lamellar configuration. Although these hierarchical structures are found in many 'venous wings' of insects, very little is known about their physical and mechanical characteristics. For the first time, we carried out a systematic c...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160006
更新日期:2016-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::In the name of meritocracy, modern economies devote increasing amounts of resources to quantifying and ranking the performance of individuals and organizations. Rankings send out powerful signals, which lead to identifying the actions of top performers as the 'best practices' that others should also adopt. However, se...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.191255
更新日期:2019-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::In order to explore the factors affecting coal spontaneous combustion, the fractal characteristics of coal samples are tested, and a pore-scale model for oxygen adsorption in coal porous media is developed based on self-similar fractal model. The liquid nitrogen adsorption experiments show that the coal samples indica...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.191337
更新日期:2020-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::There is a new associative learning paradox. The power of associative learning for producing flexible behaviour in non-human animals is downplayed or ignored by researchers in animal cognition, whereas artificial intelligence research shows that associative learning models can beat humans in chess. One phenomenon in w...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.180778
更新日期:2018-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have reported multiple cases of molecular adaptation in cetaceans related to their aquatic abilities. However, none of these has included the hippopotamus, precluding an understanding of whether molecular adaptations in cetaceans occurred before or after they split from their semi-aquatic sister taxa. H...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.150156
更新日期:2015-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Humans subtly synchronize body movement during face-to-face conversation. In this context, bodily synchrony has been linked to affiliation and social bonding, task success and comprehension, and potential conflict. Almost all studies of conversational synchrony involve dyads, and relatively less is known about the str...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.200095
更新日期:2020-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Wetlands provide important ecosystem services to rural communities. However, wetlands are often on communal land, so they may become degraded when individual users act to maximize their personal benefit from ecosystem services without bearing the full environmental costs of their actions. Although it is possible to ma...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.181770
更新日期:2019-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::Abemaciclib (Verzenio®) is approved as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for breast cancer treatment. In this study, in vitro phase I metabolic profiling of Abemaciclib (ABC) was done using rat liver microsomes (RLMs). We checked the formation of reactive intermediates in ABC metabolism using RLMs in the presence of p...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.181714
更新日期:2019-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::A novel reference film was characterized to improve the oxygen gas transmission measurement accuracy of plastic materials for pharmaceutical packaging. The material processing, homogeneity, stability, jointly determined value and uncertainty evaluation were discussed. The film is the first reference film characterized...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.190142
更新日期:2019-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the pathways of introduction of the African baobab, Adansonia digitata, to the Indian subcontinent, we examined 10 microsatellite loci in individuals from Africa, India, the Mascarenes and Malaysia, and matched this with historical evidence of human interactions between source and destination regions. G...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.150370
更新日期:2015-09-09 00:00:00
abstract::Dinosaur skeletal remains are almost unknown from northern South America. One of the few exceptions comes from a small outcrop in the northernmost extension of the Andes, along the western border of Venezuela, where strata of the La Quinta Formation have yielded the ornithischian Laquintasaura venezuelae and other din...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.140184
更新日期:2014-10-08 00:00:00
abstract::In its natural habitat, the one-leaf plant Monophyllaea horsfieldii (Gesneriaceae) shows striking postural changes and dramatic loss of stability in response to intermittently occurring droughts. As the morphological, anatomical and biomechanical bases of these alterations are as yet unclear, we examined the influence...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.171076
更新日期:2018-01-03 00:00:00
abstract::The current communication signifies the effect of oxygen vacancies (OVs) both qualitatively and quantitatively in multiferroic BiFe0.83Ni0.17O3 by an in-depth atomic-level investigation of its electronic structure and magnetization properties, and these materials have a variety of applications in spintronics, optoelec...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.170273
更新日期:2017-06-14 00:00:00
abstract::Magnetic nanospheres are versatile candidates for both fundamental and practical applications. Before they are applied in more complicated fields, their surface must be modified by several functionalities. However, the surface modification can be affected by the magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) embedded in the polymer mat...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.190141
更新日期:2019-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Studies investigating micromechanical properties in mouse cortical bone often solely focus on the mechanical behaviour along the long axis of the bone. Therefore, data on the anisotropy of mouse cortical bone is scarce. The aim of this study is the first-time evaluation of the anisotropy ratio between the longitudinal...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160971
更新日期:2017-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a severe complication of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. There is a growing understanding of cGVHD, and several effective therapies for cGVHD have been reported. However, pancreatic cGVHD is a potentially untapped study field. Our thought-provoking stud...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.181067
更新日期:2018-10-17 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsos.140292.]. ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1098/rsos.150193
更新日期:2015-06-03 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180687.]. ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1098/rsos.191986
更新日期:2019-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::The settlement of reef-building corals is critical to the survival and recovery of reefs. Recent evidence indicates that coral larvae orient towards reef sound, yet the components of the acoustic environment that may attract coral larvae and induce settlement are unknown. Here we investigated the effects of ambient so...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.181358
更新日期:2018-12-12 00:00:00
abstract::In evolutionary biomechanics it is often considered that gaits should evolve to minimize the energetic cost of travelling a given distance. In gait simulation this goal often leads to convincing gait generation. However, as the musculoskeletal models used get increasingly sophisticated, it becomes apparent that such a...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.171836
更新日期:2018-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::Many scientists communicate with the public about risks associated with scientific issues, but such communication may have unintended consequences for how the public views the political orientations and the credibility of the communicating scientist. We explore this possibility using an experiment with a nationally re...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.170505
更新日期:2018-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents a study of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films hydrothermally grown on a dome-shaped titanium diaphragm. Few articles in the literature address the implementation of hydrothermal PZT films on curved-diaphragm substrates for resonators. In this study, a 50-μm-thick titanium sheet is embossed using b...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.171363
更新日期:2017-12-20 00:00:00