Abstract：
:In evolutionary biomechanics it is often considered that gaits should evolve to minimize the energetic cost of travelling a given distance. In gait simulation this goal often leads to convincing gait generation. However, as the musculoskeletal models used get increasingly sophisticated, it becomes apparent that such a single goal can lead to extremely unrealistic gait patterns. In this paper, we explore the effects of requiring adequate lateral stability and show how this increases both energetic cost and the realism of the generated walking gait in a high biofidelity chimpanzee musculoskeletal model. We also explore the effects of changing the footfall sequences in the simulation so it mimics both the diagonal sequence walking gaits that primates typically use and also the lateral sequence walking gaits that are much more widespread among mammals. It is apparent that adding a lateral stability criterion has an important effect on the footfall phase relationship, suggesting that lateral stability may be one of the key drivers behind the observed footfall sequences in quadrupedal gaits. The observation that single optimization goals are no longer adequate for generating gait in current models has important implications for the use of biomimetic virtual robots to predict the locomotor patterns in fossil animals.
journal_name
R Soc Open Scijournal_title
Royal Society open scienceauthors
Sellers WI,Hirasaki Edoi
10.1098/rsos.171836subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-03-07 00:00:00pages
171836issue
3issn
2054-5703pii
rsos171836journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The advent of geolocated information and communication technologies opens the possibility of exploring how people use space in cities, bringing an important new tool for urban scientists and planners, especially for regions where data are scarce or not available. Here we apply a functional network approach to determin...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.150449
更新日期：2015-12-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantum computers are expected to have a dramatic impact on numerous fields due to their anticipated ability to solve classes of mathematical problems much more efficiently than their classical counterparts. This particularly applies to domains involving integer factorization and discrete logarithms, such as public ke...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.180410
更新日期：2018-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Peroxyl radicals (RO O . ) are key intermediates in atmospheric chemistry, with relatively long lifetimes compared to most ot...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.200521
更新日期：2020-09-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Ceratopsids are among the most ubiquitous dinosaur taxa from the Late Cretaceous terrestrial formations of the Western Interior of North America, comprising two subfamilies, Chasmosaurinae and Centrosaurinae. The Two Medicine Formation of northwestern Montana has produced numerous remains of centrosaurine dinosaurs, w...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.200284
更新日期：2020-04-29 00:00:00
abstract：:We study the relationship between vocabulary size and text length in a corpus of 75 literary works in English, authored by six writers, distinguishing between the contributions of three grammatical classes (or 'tags,' namely, nouns, verbs and others), and analyse the progressive appearance of new words of each tag alo...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.200008
更新日期：2020-03-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Trait analysis has become a crucial tool for assessing the extinction risk of species. While some extinction risk-trait relationships have been often identical between different living taxa, a temporal comparison of fossil taxa with related current taxa was rarely considered. However, we argue that it is important to ...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.170051
更新日期：2017-05-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Heteroepitaxial growth of aluminum nitride (AIN) has been explored by experiments, but the corresponding growth mechanism is still unrevealed. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to study effects of temperature and N : Al flux ratio on deposited AlN. When the temperature increases from 1000 K to 2000 K with an...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.180629
更新日期：2018-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Waptia fieldensis Walcott, 1912 is one of the iconic animals from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale biota that had lacked a formal description since its discovery at the beginning of the twentieth century. This study, based on over 1800 specimens, finds that W. fieldensis shares general characteristics with pancrustac...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.172206
更新日期：2018-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：:[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191444.]. ...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 已发布勘误
doi：10.1098/rsos.192176
更新日期：2020-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：:As top predators, crocodilians have an acute sense of hearing that is useful for their social life and for probing their environment in hunting situations. Although previous studies suggest that crocodilians are able to localize the position of a sound source, how they do this remains largely unknown. In this study, w...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.190423
更新日期：2019-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:This investigation establishes a system of gold nanoparticles that show good colloidal stability as an X-ray computed tomography (XCT) contrast agent under soil conditions. Gold nanoparticles offer numerous beneficial traits for experiments in biology including: comparatively minimal phytotoxicity, X-ray attenuation o...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.190769
更新日期：2019-10-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Data on personality for long-lived, highly social wild mammals with high cognitive abilities are rare. We investigated the personality structure of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) by using a large sample of semi-captive timber elephants in Myanmar. Data were collected during 2014-2017 using questionnaires, for which...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.172026
更新日期：2018-02-07 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to investigate effects of thermal treatments on major phenolics and their antioxidant contributions in Acer truncatum leaves and flowers (ATL and ATF, respectively). With ultra performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer, phenoli...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.180364
更新日期：2018-06-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Selection among alternative theoretical models given an observed dataset is an important challenge in many areas of physics and astronomy. Reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) is an extremely powerful technique for performing Bayesian model selection, but it suffers from a fundamental difficulty and it re...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.150030
更新日期：2015-06-24 00:00:00
abstract：:In the paper, the isomorphous S O 4 ...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.180919
更新日期：2019-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Wildlife researchers often rely on demographic data collected from harvested animals to estimate population dynamics. But demographic data from harvested animals may be non-representative if hunters/trappers have the ability and motivation to preferentially select for certain physical traits. Hunter preference is well...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.180668
更新日期：2018-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) as a simple and efficient extraction technique followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed for the determination of vitamin D3 in milk samples. The sample treatment is based on the use of water-miscible acetonitrile as the ...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.190952
更新日期：2019-08-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Answer selection is one of the key steps in many question answering (QA) applications. In this paper, a new deep model with two kinds of attention is proposed for answer selection: the double attention recurrent convolution neural network (DARCNN). Double attention means self-attention and cross-attention. The design ...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.191517
更新日期：2020-05-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines involved in leucocyte trafficking to infected tissue. Growth-related oncogene (GRO) chemokines namely CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL3 are neutrophil activating chemokines sharing a conserved three-dimensional structure, but encompassing functional diversity due to gene duplication and evolu...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.171059
更新日期：2017-09-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendrobium is the largest genus of orchids most of which have excellent medicinal properties. Fresh stems of some species have been consumed in daily life by Asians for thousands of years. However, there are differences in flavour and clinical efficacy among different species. Therefore, it is necessary for a detector...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.190399
更新日期：2019-05-22 00:00:00
abstract：:A denitrifying strain ZY04 with a high nitrite-accumulating rate was isolated and purified from activated sludge in a laboratory-scale A2/O reactor. The strain was characterized and identified as Acinetobacter johnsonii by 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis. The sequences of the key functional genes (napA, nirB, nirD) inv...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.191275
更新日期：2019-12-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Helical organic micro- and nanostructures are formed by a charge-transfer complex, cinchonidine-TCNQ. These unusual forms result from the chirality, the steric structure and specific interactions of cinchonidine molecules. These materials are semiconductors (10-4 S cm-1), with the typical absorption spectra in IR and ...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.171499
更新日期：2018-03-14 00:00:00
abstract：:A method developed based on the capillary effect and capillary condensation theory was used to synthesize an innovative Fe/C/Pd composite in this study. This composite (Fe@CNTs@Pd) consists of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) on the inner surface and palladium nanoparticles supported on th...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.172242
更新日期：2018-06-27 00:00:00
abstract：:A pleiotropic gene governs multiple traits, which might constrain the evolution of complexity due to conflicting selection on these traits. However, if the pleiotropic effect is modular, then this can facilitate synergistic responses to selection on functionally related traits, thereby leveraging the evolution of comp...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.170042
更新日期：2017-04-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Comprehensive diagnosis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions was systematically conducted on three hazardous waste incinerators (HWIs). Results indicated that PCDD/F mainly existed in the solid phase before the bag filter. This was especially true for higher chlorinated dioxin and fu...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.172056
更新日期：2018-07-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The phylogenetic relationships of the recently described genus †Ticinolepis from the Middle Triassic of the Monte San Giorgio are explored through cladistic analyses of the so far largest morphological dataset for fossil actinopterygians, including representatives of the crown-neopterygian clades Halecomorphi, Ginglym...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.172337
更新日期：2018-03-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The utility of characterizing the effects of strain variation and individual/subgroup susceptibility on dose-response outcomes has motivated the search for new approaches beyond the popular use of the exponential dose-response model for listeriosis. While descriptive models can account for such variation, they have li...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.180343
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evolution of spoken languages has been studied since the mid-nineteenth century using traditional historical comparative methods and, more recently, computational phylogenetic methods. By contrast, evolutionary processes resulting in the diversity of contemporary sign languages (SLs) have received much less attent...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.191100
更新日期：2020-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Herbaria archive a record of changes of worldwide plant biodiversity harbouring millions of specimens that contain DNA suitable for genome sequencing. To profit from this resource, it is fundamental to understand in detail the process of DNA degradation in herbarium specimens. We investigated patterns of DNA fragmenta...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.160239
更新日期：2016-06-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The emerging carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been attracting significant attention for their prominent fluorescence, excellent stability and outstanding biocompatibility. Here, we report a facile one-step synthesis of highly fluorescent CQDs by using phthalic acid and triethylenediamine hexahydrate as precursors throu...
journal_title：Royal Society open science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1098/rsos.180245
更新日期：2018-07-11 00:00:00
