Abstract:
:Wastewater treatment plants effluents are considered as hotspots for the dispersion of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into natural ecosystems. The bacterial resistome (ARG collection in a metagenome) analyses have provided clues on antibacterial resistance dynamics. However, viruses and vesicles are frequently ignored. Here, we addressed the bacterial, viral and vesicle resistomes from a representative wastewater effluent in natural conditions and amended with polymyxin, which is used as a last resort antibiotic. Metagenomics showed that the natural prokaryotic resistome was vast (9000 ARG hits/Gb metagenome) and diverse, while viral resistome was two orders of magnitude lower (50 ARG hits/Gb metagenome) suggesting that viruses rarely encoded ARGs. After polymyxin amendment, data showed no ARG enrichment - including to polymyxin - in the microbiome. Remarkably, microbiomes responded to polymyxin with a vast release of putative vesicles (threefold increase compared with the control), which might be used as 'traps' to decrease the antibiotic concentration. Intriguingly, although polymyxin resistance genes (PRGs) were rare in the microbiome (0.018% of total ARG found), in the viral and vesicle fractions, PRGs were more abundant (0.5%-0.8% of total ARG found). Our data suggest that vesicles could have a more active role in the context of transmission of antibiotic resistances.
journal_name
Environ Microbioljournal_title
Environmental microbiologyauthors
Maestre-Carballa L,Lluesma Gomez M,Angla Navarro A,Garcia-Heredia I,Martinez-Hernandez F,Martinez-Garcia Mdoi
10.1111/1462-2920.14758subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-12-01 00:00:00pages
4582-4596issue
12eissn
1462-2912issn
1462-2920journal_volume
21pub_type
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