A complete catalogue of high-quality topological materials.

abstract：:Keratinocytes of three different epithelia grown in cell culture express a large number of differentiation markers with either no differences or relatively small differences, depending on the species. Much of the distinctive phenotype of these epithelia in vivo must be due to external modulation and relatively little,...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sun TT,Green H

更新日期：1977-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:RecBCD is a multi-functional enzyme complex that processes DNA ends resulting from a double-strand break. RecBCD is a bipolar helicase that splits the duplex into its component strands and digests them until encountering a recombinational hotspot (Chi site). The nuclease activity is then attenuated and RecBCD loads Re...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Singleton MR,Dillingham MS,Gaudier M,Kowalczykowski SC,Wigley DB

更新日期：2004-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Sex-determination genes are among the most fluid features of the genome in many groups of animals. In some taxa the master sex-determining gene moves frequently between chromosomes, whereas in other taxa different genes have been recruited to determine the sex of the zygotes. There is a well developed theory for the o...

journal_title：Nature

authors： van Doorn GS,Kirkpatrick M

更新日期：2007-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The fruit, which mediates the maturation and dispersal of seeds, is a complex structure unique to flowering plants. Seed dispersal in plants such as Arabidopsis occurs by a process called fruit dehiscence, or pod shatter. Few studies have focused on identifying genes that regulate this process, in spite of the agronom...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Liljegren SJ,Ditta GS,Eshed Y,Savidge B,Bowman JL,Yanofsky MF

更新日期：2000-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The mushroom bodies in the protocerebrum are believed to be the structures of the insect brain most closely associated with higher-order sensory integration and learning. Drosophila melanogaster mutants with olfactory learning deficits have anatomically abnormal mushroom bodies or altered patterns of gene expression i...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Withers GS,Fahrbach SE,Robinson GE

更新日期：1993-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Haptic (touch) perception normally entails an active exploration of object surfaces over time. This is called active touch. When exploring the shape of an object, we experience both geometrical and force cues. For example, when sliding a finger across a surface with a rigid bump on it, the finger moves over the bump w...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Robles-De-La-Torre G,Hayward V

更新日期：2001-07-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell-identity switches, in which terminally differentiated cells are converted into different cell types when stressed, represent a widespread regenerative strategy in animals, yet they are poorly documented in mammals. In mice, some glucagon-producing pancreatic α-cells and somatostatin-producing δ-cells become insul...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Furuyama K,Chera S,van Gurp L,Oropeza D,Ghila L,Damond N,Vethe H,Paulo JA,Joosten AM,Berney T,Bosco D,Dorrell C,Grompe M,Ræder H,Roep BO,Thorel F,Herrera PL

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleotides immediately surrounding intron/exon junctions of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase B can be derived from 'consensus' sequences for donor and acceptor splice sites by only a few base changes. Studies in vivo have underlined the importance of these junction nucleotides for splicing. In higher eukaryote...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rautmann G,Breathnach R

更新日期：1985-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Language is a uniquely human ability that evolved at some point in the roughly 6,000,000 years since human and chimpanzee lines diverged. Even in the most linguistically impoverished environments, children naturally develop sophisticated language systems. In contrast, reading is a learnt skill that does not develop wi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Carreiras M,Seghier ML,Baquero S,Estévez A,Lozano A,Devlin JT,Price CJ

更新日期：2009-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The observation that a few species in ecological communities are exceptionally abundant, whereas most are rare, prompted the development of species abundance models. Nevertheless, despite the large literature on the commonness and rarity of species inspired by these pioneering studies, some widespread empirical patter...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Magurran AE,Henderson PA

更新日期：2003-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Temperature-sensitive paralysis is the most striking defect of adult Drosophila carrying the shibire mutation. This is believed to be due to a reversible block of endocytosis, which prevents membrane cycling and thus depletes synaptic vesicles. The shibire mutation also affects many tissues outside the nervous system....

journal_title：Nature

authors： van der Bliek AM,Meyerowitz EM

更新日期：1991-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscle actin genes are the earliest yet described to show cell type-specific activation in amphibian embryos. Gene-specific probes show that alpha-skeletal and alpha-cardiac actin genes start to be transcribed simultaneously at the end of gastrulation, but only in those regions of the mesoderm that subsequently form e...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mohun TJ,Brennan S,Dathan N,Fairman S,Gurdon JB

更新日期：1984-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Anterior-posterior patterning in insects, vertebrates and nematodes involves members of conserved Antennapedia-class homeobox gene clusters (HOM-C) that are thought to give specific body regions their identities. The effects of these genes on region-specific body structures have been described extensively, particularl...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Salser SJ,Kenyon C

更新日期：1992-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Lymphocyte-specific tyrosine protein kinase p56lck is physically associated with CD4 and CD8 T-cell surface molecules, suggesting that it may transduce CD4/CD8-triggered tyrosine phosphorylation signals during antigen stimulation. Indeed, antibody-mediated aggregation of CD4 (to mimic interaction with its ligand, majo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Abraham N,Miceli MC,Parnes JR,Veillette A

更新日期：1991-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The 5'-->3' exoribonucleases (XRNs) comprise a large family of conserved enzymes in eukaryotes with crucial functions in RNA metabolism and RNA interference. XRN2, or Rat1 in yeast, functions primarily in the nucleus and also has an important role in transcription termination by RNA polymerase II (refs 7-14). Rat1 exo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Xiang S,Cooper-Morgan A,Jiao X,Kiledjian M,Manley JL,Tong L

更新日期：2009-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：:More than twenty types of retinal ganglion cells conduct visual information from the eye to the rest of the brain. Each retinal ganglion cell type tessellates the retina in a regular mosaic, so that every point in visual space is processed for visual primitives such as contrast and motion. This information flows to tw...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Feinberg EH,Meister M

更新日期：2015-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Thewissen et al. describe new fossils from India that apparently support a phylogeny that places Cetacea (that is, whales, dolphins, porpoises) as the sister group to the extinct family Raoellidae, and Hippopotamidae as more closely related to pigs and peccaries (that is, Suina) than to cetaceans. However, our reanaly...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Geisler JH,Theodor JM

更新日期：2009-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:For life to be sustained, mistakes in DNA repair must be tolerated when damage obscures the genetic information. In bacteria such as Escherichia coli, DNA damage elicits the well regulated 'SOS response'. For the extreme case of damage that cannot be repaired by conventional enzymes, there are proteins that allow the ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Peat TS,Frank EG,McDonald JP,Levine AS,Woodgate R,Hendrickson WA

更新日期：1996-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Establishing the age at death of individuals is an important step in their identification and can be done with high precision up to adolescence by analysis of dentition, but it is more difficult in adults. Here we show that the amount of radiocarbon present in tooth enamel as a result of nuclear bomb testing during 19...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Spalding KL,Buchholz BA,Bergman LE,Druid H,Frisén J

更新日期：2005-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:With the world's focus on reducing our dependency on fossil-fuel energy, the scientific community can investigate new plastic materials that are much less dependent on petroleum than are conventional plastics. Given increasing environmental issues, the idea of replacing plastics with water-based gels, so-called hydrog...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wang Q,Mynar JL,Yoshida M,Lee E,Lee M,Okuro K,Kinbara K,Aida T

更新日期：2010-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The axial coupling of the nucleon, gA, is the strength of its coupling to the weak axial current of the standard model of particle physics, in much the same way as the electric charge is the strength of the coupling to the electromagnetic current. This axial coupling dictates the rate at which neutrons decay to proton...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chang CC,Nicholson AN,Rinaldi E,Berkowitz E,Garron N,Brantley DA,Monge-Camacho H,Monahan CJ,Bouchard C,Clark MA,Joó B,Kurth T,Orginos K,Vranas P,Walker-Loud A

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cloning of mammals from differentiated donor cells has refuted the old dogma that development is an irreversible process. It has demonstrated that the oocyte can reprogramme an adult nucleus into an embryonic state that can direct development of a new organism. The prospect of deriving patient-specific embryonic s...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hochedlinger K,Jaenisch R

更新日期：2006-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Many receptors for neuropeptides and hormones are coupled with the heterotrimeric G(i) protein, which activates the p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) cascade through both the alpha- and betagamma-subunits of G(i). The betagamma-subunit activates the ERK/MAPK cascade through tyrosine kinase. Constituti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mochizuki N,Ohba Y,Kiyokawa E,Kurata T,Murakami T,Ozaki T,Kitabatake A,Nagashima K,Matsuda M

更新日期：1999-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The establishment of embryonic polarity is a crucial step in pattern formation and morphogenesis. In the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, embryonic polarity depends primarily on genes expressed in the female during oogenesis. Mutations in these 'maternal effect' genes can lead to major disruptions in normal pattern f...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Steward R,McNally FJ,Schedl P

更新日期：1984-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Dynamic access to genetic information is central to organismal development and environmental response. Consequently, genomic processes must be regulated by mechanisms that alter genome function relatively rapidly. Conventional chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments measure transcription factor occupancy, but...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lickwar CR,Mueller F,Hanlon SE,McNally JG,Lieb JD

更新日期：2012-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulatory aspects of the Warnock Committee's report on reproductive technologies are summarized. A licensing authority with "substantial lay representation" would license practitioners and approve experimentation. Artificial insemination by donor would become a regulated service, and resulting children would be leg...

journal_title：Nature

authors：

更新日期：1984-07-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Phase and antigenic variation of pilin expression in Neisseria gonorrhoeae result from recombination events in which variant sequences from one of the silent loci (pilS) are transferred to the expression locus (pilE). Such rearrangements were originally thought to be gene conversions, but findings showing that phase v...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gibbs CP,Reimann BY,Schultz E,Kaufmann A,Haas R,Meyer TF

更新日期：1989-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The hydrosulphide ion (HS(-)) and its undissociated form, hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S), which are believed to have been critical to the origin of life on Earth, remain important in physiology and cellular signalling. As a major metabolite in anaerobic bacterial growth, hydrogen sulphide is a product of both assimilatory ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Czyzewski BK,Wang DN

更新日期：2012-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have suggested a critical role of specific gene loss in several embryonic tumours and certain adult cancers. In retinoblastoma, hemizygosity or homozygosity of a recessive mutant allele results in the loss of normal gene product, and this seems to cause the manifestation of the disorder. Familial polypo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Okamoto M,Sasaki M,Sugio K,Sato C,Iwama T,Ikeuchi T,Tonomura A,Sasazuki T,Miyaki M

更新日期：1988-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Advances in genetics and genomics have fuelled a revolution in discovery-based, or hypothesis-generating, research that provides a powerful complement to the more directly hypothesis-driven molecular, cellular and systems neuroscience. Genetic and functional genomic studies have already yielded important insights into...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Geschwind DH,Konopka G

更新日期：2009-10-15 00:00:00