Abstract:
:In the central nervous system, astrocytes extend endfoot processes to ensheath synapses and microvessels. However, the mechanisms underlying this astrocytic process extension remain unclear. A limitation of the use of 2D cultured astrocytes for such studies is that they display a flat, epithelioid morphology, with no or very few processes, which is markedly different from the stellate morphology observed in vivo. In this study, we obtained 2D cultured astrocytes with a rich complexity of processes using differentiation of neurospheres in vitro. Using these process-bearing astrocytes, we showed that laminin, an extracellular matrix molecule abundant in perivascular sites, efficiently induced process formation and branching. Specifically, the numbers of the first- and second-order branch processes and the maximal process length of astrocytes were increased when cultured on laminin, compared with when they were cultured on poly-L-ornithine or type IV collagen. Knockdown of dystroglycan or α-syntrophin, constituent proteins of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex that provides a link between laminin and the cytoskeleton, using small interference RNAs inhibited astrocyte process formation and branching, and down-regulated expression of the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4). Direct knockdown and a specific inhibitor of AQP4 also inhibited, whereas over-expression of AQP4 enhanced astrocyte process formation and branching. Knockdown of AQP4 decreased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) that is critically implicated in actin remodeling. Collectively, these results indicate that the laminin-dystroglycan-α-syntrophin-AQP4 axis is important for process formation and branching of 2D cultured astrocytes. OPEN PRACTICES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 436.
journal_name
J Neurochemjournal_title
Journal of neurochemistryauthors
Sato J,Horibe S,Kawauchi S,Sasaki N,Hirata KI,Rikitake Ydoi
10.1111/jnc.14548subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-11-01 00:00:00pages
495-513issue
4eissn
0022-3042issn
1471-4159journal_volume
147pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The pivotal role for voltage-sensitive calcium channels in initiating synaptic transmitter release is undisputed, but it is only partly known to what extent the different subtypes contribute in vivo. Their importance for the dendritic release of dopamine has not been investigated in vivo previously. To evaluate compre...
journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70041532.x
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04754.x
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04580.x
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doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07347.x
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03166.x
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb07155.x
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of neurochemistry
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