Abstract:
:The immune system is a very diverse system of the host that evolved during evolution to cope with various pathogens present in the vicinity of environmental surroundings inhabited by multicellular organisms ranging from achordates to chordates (including humans). For example, cells of immune system express various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect danger via recognizing specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and mount a specific immune response. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of these PRRs expressed by various immune cells. However, they were first discovered in the Drosophila melanogaster (common fruit fly) as genes/proteins important in embryonic development and dorso-ventral body patterning/polarity. Till date, 13 different types of TLRs (TLR1-TLR13) have been discovered and described in mammals since the first discovery of TLR4 in humans in late 1997. This discovery of TLR4 in humans revolutionized the field of innate immunity and thus the immunology and host-pathogen interaction. Since then TLRs are found to be expressed on various immune cells and have been targeted for therapeutic drug development for various infectious and inflammatory diseases including cancer. Even, Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among various TLR genes have been identified among the different human population and their association with susceptibility/resistance to certain infections and other inflammatory diseases. Thus, in the present review the current and future importance of TLRs in immunity, their pattern of expression among various immune cells along with TLR based therapeutic approach is reviewed.
journal_name
Int Immunopharmacoljournal_title
International immunopharmacologyauthors
Vijay Kdoi
10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-06-01 00:00:00pages
391-412eissn
1567-5769issn
1878-1705pii
S1567-5769(18)30095-Xjournal_volume
59pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Atractylodin (ACD) possesses versatile biological and pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties. However, the protective effects of ACD on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and d-galactosamine (GalN)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) as well as the underlying molecul...
journal_title:International immunopharmacology
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journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:International immunopharmacology
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journal_title:International immunopharmacology
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journal_title:International immunopharmacology
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journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2004.07.009
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journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2005.12.005
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
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journal_title:International immunopharmacology
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journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:International immunopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00