Abstract:
:Proteolytic removal of the pre-segment from growing nascent chains of pre-human placental lactogen (hPL) occurred during in vitro translation of placental mRNA if crude membranes derived from ascites lysates, dog pancreas, or rat liver rough endoplasmic reticulum were added to the translation mixtures. The cotranslational proteolytic event was inhibited by the peptide protease inhibitor, chymostatin, but not by leupeptin, antipain, or elastatinal. The proteases involved in cleavage were solubilized with detergent and converted completed pre-hPL to hPL (post-translational processing). Direct assay of the solubilized membranes, with synthetic fluorogenic aminocoumarin peptide substrates, revealed no significant tryptic or elastase-like activity, but activity against a chymotrypsin substrate [(succinyl-Ala-Ala-Phe)-7-amino-4-methyl-coumarin] was found. This activity was dependent upon both an endopeptidase and an aminopeptidase. Although bestatin inhibited the aminopeptidase activity, it had no effect on the endopeptidase or on post-translational cleavage. Although this endopeptidase cleaved on the COOH side of an alanine residue, it was not inhibited by elastatinal. However, it was inhibited by high levels of chymostatin and by some serine protease inhibitors.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Strauss AW,Zimmerman M,Boime I,Ashe B,Mumford RA,Alberts AWdoi
10.1073/pnas.76.9.4225subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1979-09-01 00:00:00pages
4225-9issue
9eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The influential role of Wnt5a in tumor progression underscores the requirement for developing molecules that can target Wnt5a-mediated cellular responses. In the aggressive skin cancer, melanoma, elevated Wnt5a expression promotes cell motility and drives metastasis. Two approaches can be used to counteract these effe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0909409106
更新日期:2009-11-17 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of hexose transport in NIL hamster fibroblasts has been studied in confluent cultures preconditioned for 24 hr in media deprived of glutamine or of serum or of both. Cultures maintained in media containing dialyzed fetal calf serum and 4 mM glutamine accumulated up to 72 nmol of glutamine per mg of cell pro...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.10.5958
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genetic determinant(s) responsible for tropism in human T cells or macrophages are not well defined. We studied the role of the HIV type 2 (HIV-2) nef and vpr genes in viral tropism. HIV-2 mutants, lacking either vpr or nef genes, or both vpr and nef, were obtained by site-specif...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.20.8080
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent theory and field observations suggest that a systematically varying weathering zone, that can be tens of meters thick, commonly develops in the bedrock underlying hillslopes. Weathering turns otherwise poorly conductive bedrock into a dynamic water storage reservoir. Infiltrating precipitation typically will pa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1800141115
更新日期:2018-03-13 00:00:00
abstract::We prove that the property of excision in algebraic K-theory is for a Q-algebra A equivalent to the H-unitality of the latter. Our excision theorem, in particular, implies Karoubi's conjecture on the equality of algebraic and topological K-theory groups of stable C*-algebras. It also allows us to identify the algebrai...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.24.9582
更新日期:1990-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::An essential step in the pathogenesis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers is the dysregulated expression of the viral oncogenes. The papillomavirus E2 protein can silence the long control region (LCR) promoter that controls viral E6 and E7 oncogene expression. The mechanisms by which E2 represses oncogene...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0914818107
更新日期:2010-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::Complex liquids flow through channels faster than expected, an effect attributed to the formation of low-viscosity depletion layers at the boundaries. Characterization of depletion layer length scale, concentration, and dynamics has remained elusive due in large part to the lack of suitable real-space experimental tec...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1900623116
更新日期:2019-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to intercept uncooperative targets is key to many diverse flight behaviors, from courtship to predation. Previous research has looked for simple geometric rules describing the attack trajectories of animals, but the underlying feedback laws have remained obscure. Here, we use GPS loggers and onboard video ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1714532114
更新日期:2017-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::P450c17 is the single enzyme mediating both 17 alpha-hydroxylase (steroid 17 alpha-monooxygenase, EC 1.14.99.9) and 17,20 lyase activities in the synthesis of steroid hormones. It has been suggested that different P450c17 isozymes mediate these activities in the adrenal gland and testis. We sequenced 423 of the 509 am...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.2.407
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As an alternative pathway of controlled cell death, necroptosis can be triggered by tumor necrosis factor via the kinases RIPK1/RIPK3 and the effector protein mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). Upon activation, MLKL oligomerizes and integrates into the plasma membrane via its executioner domain. Here, we...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2017406117
更新日期:2020-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::When either the homologous RNA (avian myeloblastosis virus RNA) or a heterologous RNA (poliovirus RNA) was used as a template, the anticomplementary DNA synthesized in vitro by avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase (RNA-directed DNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.7) was primed by fragments of the original...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.3.1316
更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::SIRT6 (sirtuin 6) is a member of sirtuin family of deacetylases involved in diverse processes including genome stability, metabolic homeostasis, and tumorigenesis. However, the role of SIRT6 deacetylase activity in its tumor-suppressor functions is not well understood. Here we report that SIRT6 binds to and deacetylat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1520045113
更新日期:2016-02-02 00:00:00
abstract::Using animal models of acinar and ductal pancreatic cancer, we investigated the effect of analogs of hypothalamic hormones on tumor growth. In Wistar/Lewis rats bearing the acinar pancreatic tumor DNCP-322, chronic administration of [L-5-Br-Trp8]somatostatin-14 significantly decreased tumor weights and volume. Somatos...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.1.248
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A glucose-responsive "closed-loop" insulin delivery system mimicking the function of pancreatic cells has tremendous potential to improve quality of life and health in diabetics. Here, we report a novel glucose-responsive insulin delivery device using a painless microneedle-array patch ("smart insulin patch") containi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1505405112
更新日期:2015-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::Cryoelectron microscopy and X-ray crystallography have recently been used to generate structural models that likely represent the unliganded closed-channel conformation and the fully liganded open-channel conformation of different members of the nicotinic-receptor superfamily. To characterize the structure of the clos...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1313156110
更新日期:2013-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::Plants produce a wide range of allelochemicals to defend against herbivore attack, and generalist herbivores have evolved mechanisms to avoid, sequester, or detoxify a broad spectrum of natural defense compounds. Successful arthropod pests have also developed resistance to diverse classes of pesticides and this adapta...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1213214110
更新日期:2013-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::Fragment screens for new ligands have had wide success, notwithstanding their constraint to libraries of 1,000-10,000 molecules. Larger libraries would be addressable were molecular docking reliable for fragment screens, but this has not been widely accepted. To investigate docking's ability to prioritize fragments, a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0813029106
更新日期:2009-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::The exquisite selectivity and catalytic activity of enzymes have been shaped by the effects of positive and negative selection pressure during the course of evolution. In contrast, enzyme variants engineered by using in vitro screening techniques to accept novel substrates typically display a higher degree of catalyti...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0500063102
更新日期:2005-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::Heparin-binding growth factor type 1 (HBGF-1; sometimes termed acidic fibroblast growth factor) is potentially an important factor in liver regeneration. HBGF-1 alone (half-maximal effect at 60 pM) stimulated hepatocyte DNA synthesis and bound to a high-affinity receptor (Kd = 62 pM; 5000 per cell). Epidermal growth f...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.19.7432
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::G-protein metallochaperones ensure fidelity during cofactor assembly for a variety of metalloproteins, including adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl)-dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and hydrogenase, and thus have both medical and biofuel development applications. Here, we present crystal structures of IcmF, a natural fusion ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1419582112
更新日期:2015-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::n-Type Si electrodes in MeOH solvent with 0.2 M (1-hydroxyethyl)ferrocene, 0.5 mM (1-hydroxyethyl)ferricenium, and 1.0 M LiClO(4) exhibit air mass 2 conversion efficiencies of 10.1% for optical energy into electricity. We observe open-circuit voltages of 0.53 V and short-circuit quantum efficiencies for electron flow ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.4.1152
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Improving global yields of important agricultural crops is a complex challenge. Enhancing yield and resource use by engineering improvements to photosynthetic carbon assimilation is one potential solution. During the last 40 million years C(4) photosynthesis has evolved multiple times, enabling plants to evade the cat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1109503108
更新日期:2011-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::The biological realm has inherited symmetries from the physicochemical realm, but with the increasing complexity at higher phenomenological levels of life, some inherited symmetries are broken while novel symmetries appear. These symmetries are of two types, structural and operational. Biological novelties result from...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14229
更新日期:1996-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Mumps virus (MuV) is a highly contagious pathogen, and despite extensive vaccination campaigns, outbreaks continue to occur worldwide. The virus has a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome that is encapsidated by the nucleocapsid protein (N) to form the nucleocapsid (NC). NC serves as the template for both transc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1413268111
更新日期:2014-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::When the human cDNA, isolated on the basis of homology to the murine carbonic anhydrase (CA) "Y" was expressed in COS cells, the human CA was targeted to and processed in mitochondria, as expected for CA-V. However, tissue distribution reported for the corresponding mouse CA Y mRNA was much more limited than that repo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.22.10330
更新日期:1994-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::Betidamino acids (a contraction of "beta" position and "amide") are N'-monoacylated (optionally, N'-monoacylated and N-mono- or N,N'-dialkylated) aminoglycine derivatives in which each N'acyl/alkyl group may mimic naturally occurring amino acid side chains or introduce novel functionalities. Betidamino acids are most ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.5.2031
更新日期:1996-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::Xenotropic and polytropic murine leukemia viruses (X-MLVs and P-MLVs) cross-interfere to various extents in non-mouse species and in wild Asian mice, suggesting that they might use a common receptor for infection. Consistent with this hypothesis, the susceptibility of some wild mice to X-MLVs has been mapped to the P-...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.3.927
更新日期:1999-02-02 00:00:00
abstract::Formamide is one of the important compounds from which prebiotic molecules can be synthesized, provided that its concentration is sufficiently high. For nucleotides and short DNA strands, it has been shown that a high degree of accumulation in hydrothermal pores occurs, so that temperature gradients might play a role ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1600275113
更新日期:2016-04-19 00:00:00
abstract::Type IV pili (Tfp) are highly conserved macromolecular structures that fulfill diverse cellular functions, such as adhesion to host cells, the import of extracellular DNA, kin recognition, and cell motility (twitching). Outstandingly, twitching motility enables a poorly understood process by which highly coordinated g...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2002783117
更新日期:2020-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioral and neural evidence reveal a prospective goal-directed decision process that relies on mental simulation of the environment, and a retrospective habitual process that caches returns previously garnered from available choices. Artificial systems combine the two by simulating the environment up to some depth ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1609094113
更新日期:2016-11-08 00:00:00