Abstract：
INTRODUCTION:The aim of this study was to investigate the number of roots and the morphology of the root canals of maxillary and mandibular premolars in a selected German population. METHODS:Randomly selected full-size cone-beam computed tomographic images were collected from 700 patients (45% men and 55% women, average age = 50.21 years). This resulted in a total of 644 first and 512 second maxillary premolars as well as 1044 first and 871 second mandibular premolars. The total number of roots and root canals, the frequency and correlations between the left and right sides, and the incidence in men and women were recorded and statistically analyzed using the Fisher exact and chi-square tests. Canal configurations were classified according to the Vertucci classification. RESULTS:First maxillary premolars mainly had 2 roots (1 root: 36.4%, 2 roots: 62.4%, and 3 roots: 1.2%) with predominantly 2 canals (88.4%). The majority of second maxillary premolars had 1 root (82.6%), but 2 root canals (56.3%) occurred more frequently than 1 canal (43.1%). In the first and second mandibular premolars, 1 root was found predominantly (90.76% and 98.16%, respectively) with 1 canal (77.9% and 96.0%), whereas 2 canals were less common (21.9% and 3.6%). Three roots (0%, <0.11%) and 3 canals (0.2%; 0.4%) were rarely found. Vertucci classifications were heterogeneously distributed. Men showed significantly more roots and root canals compared with women (P < .05), with the exception of the second mandibular premolars. CONCLUSIONS:This cone-beam computed tomographic study confirmed previous anatomic and morphologic investigations. When treating premolars, the likelihood of additional root canals should be considered.
journal_name
J Endodjournal_title
Journal of endodonticsauthors
Bürklein S,Heck R,Schäfer Edoi
10.1016/j.joen.2017.03.044subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-09-01 00:00:00pages
1448-1452issue
9eissn
0099-2399issn
1878-3554pii
S0099-2399(17)30411-9journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The biocompatibility and apical microleakage of tricalcium phosphate based Sankin Apatite (SA) Type I, II, and III root canal sealers were investigated. Teflon tubes containing freshly mixed test materials were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of mice. The observation periods were 24 h, 7, and 30 days, after which...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0099-2399(97)80255-5
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endodontic fillings were challenged with bacterial ingress in mandibular premolars of 4 beagle dogs. Groups 1, 2, and 3 (n = 9), had canals filled with gutta-percha and sealer, gutta-percha alone, and sealer alone, respectively. After 2 wk, pulp chambers were inoculated with plaque. Group 4 (n = 9) and group 5 (n = 5)...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81120-9
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The objective of this study was to evaluate the pH and calcium ion release of calcium hydroxide pastes associated with different substances. METHODS:Forty acrylic teeth with simulated root canals were divided into 4 groups according to the substance associated to the calcium hydroxide paste: chlorhexidine...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.joen.2009.05.009
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is a critical transcription factor in innate immune responses that regulates the development and function of myeloid cells. Human periapical lesions are caused by endodontic microbial infections. However, the presence of IRF8 in human periapical lesions remains elusive...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.joen.2018.04.015
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:This study aimed at evaluating the bond strength to root dentin of 2 mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based sealers (Endo-CPM sealer and MTA Fillapex) and of 1 epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus sealer). METHODS:Forty-five extracted human teeth with single roots were prepared by using the step-back techniq...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.joen.2011.10.018
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Stabilizing sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at an alkaline pH is proposed to increase solution stability and tissue dissolution ability; however, a reduction on the flexural strength of dentin discs has been found to be a side effect. This study sought to determine whether a stabilized alkaline NaOCl reduces t...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.joen.2014.02.028
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analyses with the scanning electron microscope and the X-ray microprobe were performed on 13 silver cones removed from 12 patients. The cones showed changes that ranged from surface dulling to black corrosion and pitting. Sulfur and chlorine were detected at the apical end of the cones and in the biopsy specimens of p...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0099-2399(75)80198-1
更新日期：1975-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The aim of this study was to evaluate the kinematics of 2 reciprocating motors and compare it with manufacturers' declared values. METHODS:VDW Silver (VDW, Munich, Germany) and ATR Tecnika (Tecnika, Pistoia, Italy) were used in the study in 5 working modes: continuous rotation at 400 rpm on VDW Silver and...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.joen.2013.12.008
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Endodontic diagnostic tests are often used clinically to assess pulp status as a basis for the diagnosis and determination of whether root canal treatment (RCT) is indicated. Response to cold and pain on percussion are 2 common tests, yet their validity in identifying nonvital pulp in regular dental practi...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.joen.2016.03.016
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Issues pertaining to the effective elimination of bacterial biofilm and disruption of biofilm structure still remains in endodontic disinfection. Nanoparticulates such as chitosan (CS-np) and zinc oxide (ZnO-np) are known to possess significant antibacterial properties. This study aimed to test (1) the eff...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.joen.2010.02.008
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The aim of this study was to compare the transportation and centering abilities of the ProGlider (PG; Dentsply-Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland), WaveOne Gold Glider (WOGG; Dentsply-Sirona), and R-Pilot (RP; VDW, Munich, Germany) file systems and the changes in the structure model index (SMI), surface area,...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.joen.2019.02.012
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Type IV matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are members of the family of MMPs and are thought to play an important role in degradation of extracellular components. Human pulp cells can secrete and produce these enzymes. Recent evidence shows that MMPs may play a role in pulpal inflammation. To date little is known regard...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004770-200111000-00007
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate the extent of calcium ion (Ca(2+)) removal on root dentin after treatment with 1.25% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, 5.25% NaOCl, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 2% iodine potassium iodide (IKI), and MTAD in 3 immersion time periods. Extracted human mandibular premolars were bisected longitudinally...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.joen.2008.11.016
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcome of endodontic microsurgery and to examine prognostic factors related to healing. METHODS:The clinical records of all patients who had undergone endodontic microsurgery from 1997-2003 at the National Dental Centre of Singapore were examined. T...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.joen.2014.04.005
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Nonequilibrium plasma has been reported to effectively kill Enterococcus faecalis in endodontic biofilm compared with chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial in vitro activity of modified nonequilibrium plasma with CHX against E. faecalis and multispecie...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.joen.2013.06.027
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Clinicians commonly mix mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to a desired consistency rather than use the recommended amounts of powder and water. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate how varying the water-to-powder (WP) ratio affects the setting expansion of white MTA (WMTA) and gray MTA (GMTA)....
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.joen.2010.03.010
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the smear layer on apical microleakage over 16 wk. One hundred and four extracted human teeth were assigned to four groups treated as follows: group A1--smear layer was left intact and canals were obturated with gutta-percha and Roth 811; group A2--smear layer was...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0099-2399(99)80010-7
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of treating furcal perforation is to seal the artificial communication between the endodontic space and the periradicular tissue to prevent alveolar bone resorption and damage to the periodontal ligament. These complications are not infrequent in cases of furcal and/or old perforations, which show a worse ...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.joen.2008.05.019
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the number of canals and isthmuses obturated after Cr, Er: YSGG laser treatment. Fifty-two canals were instrumented to a size 40 Profile 0.06 file combined with RC-Prep and sodium hypochlorite, or sterile water. The teeth were divided into 3 groups: (I) canals were flooded wit...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.joen.2007.05.012
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The aim of this study was to evaluate porcine palatal mucosa dissolution by sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with or without an auxiliary dissolving agent containing glycocholic acid and a mixture of surfactants (Keratobacter [KB]; Saint Joseph DID, Valencia, Spain). METHODS:One hundred forty samples were obta...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.joen.2018.01.007
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, we investigated the effect of the addition of different grades of gum rosins and hydrogenated resins to Grossman cement on dimensional stability, solubility and disintegration. pH and conductivity, which may affect these properties, were also determined. The experiments were performed according t...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0099-2399(99)80284-2
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunopathologic reactions play a significant role in inflammatory diseases of dental pulp. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is recognized as a key player in mediating cellular immune response. In this study, we measured the content of IL-1beta and its effect on collagen synthesis in cultures of fibroblasts derived from h...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004770-200203000-00003
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study the sealing ability of a new urethane methacrylate resin-based sealer, EndoRez, was evaluated using a fluid-filtration model. Sixty-four single-rooted lower bicuspids were decoronated, instrumented, and divided into 3 groups of 20 each with 4 teeth used as controls. In group A, the roots were obturated w...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004770-200310000-00011
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the retreatment effectiveness of .04 Taper nickel-titanium rotary ProFiles. Thirty extracted single-rooted anterior teeth were instrumented and obturated with gutta-percha/Roth's Sealer using lateral condensation. They were distributed into three groups of 10 each. Retreatment for group A was d...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004770-200002000-00010
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:This in vitro study compared the performance of the XP-endo Shaper (XP; FKG, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) in curved canals when used with a higher speed (3000 rpm) without a glide path with the manufacturer's protocol. METHODS:Twenty extracted mandibular molars with separate mesial curved canals were m...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.joen.2019.10.014
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to quantify the amount of remaining gutta-percha/sealer after retreatment of post space prepared teeth obturated with a lateral condensation technique or with Thermafil with plastic and metallic carrier. The time required for retreatment was also recorded. Forty-five extracted mandibular ...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0099-2399(06)80019-1
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Achieving anesthesia in mandibular molar teeth with irreversible pulpitis is very difficult. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of 1.8 mL and 3.6 mL articaine for an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) when treating molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. METHODS:In a randomized, do...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.joen.2015.05.015
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of endodontic irrigants on the push-out strength and hydration behavior of accelerated mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in its early setting phase. METHODS:In an in vitro perforation model, MTA with or without 10% CaCl(2) was condensed and allowed to i...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.joen.2010.08.039
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:K-type files, Sureflex NiTi files, and FlexoFiles were evaluated morphometrically as they come from the manufacturer, and after being used to instrument root canals 1, 3, and 5 times in maxillary premolars. Evaluation was made using a stereomicroscope at x40 magnification and photomicrographs. The abnormalities found ...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0099-2399(98)80046-0
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of anorganic bovine bone as a grafted biomaterial on newly formed bone and cementum in periapical regions after surgical endodontic treatment in cats. METHODS:After inducing apical periodontitis in 9 cats, root canal and surgical endodontic treatment...
journal_title：Journal of endodontics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.joen.2011.10.002
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
