Accurate model annotation of a near-atomic resolution cryo-EM map.

abstract：:Zooxanthellae are unicellular algae that occur as endosymbionts in many hundreds of common marine invertebrates. The issue of zooxanthella diversity has been difficult to address. Most zooxanthellae have been placed in the dinoflagellate genus Symbiodinium as one or several species that are not easily distinguished. W...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rowan R,Powers DA

更新日期：1992-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Disulfide bonds have only rarely been found in intracellular proteins. That pattern is consistent with the chemically reducing environment inside the cells of well-studied organisms. However, recent experiments and new calculations based on genomic data of archaea provide striking contradictions to this pattern. Our r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mallick P,Boutz DR,Eisenberg D,Yeates TO

更新日期：2002-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Formation of male-specific structures and regression of female primordia are regulated in early male embryogenesis by SRY, a single-copy gene on the Y chromosome. Assignment of SRY as the testis-determining factor in eutherian mammals is supported by molecular analysis of cytogenetic sex reversal (i.e., XX males and X...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haqq CM,King CY,Donahoe PK,Weiss MA

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radiation therapy is a widely used cancer treatment, but it causes side effects even when localized radiotherapy is used. Extensive apoptosis of microvascular endothelial cells of the lamina propria is the primary lesion initiating intestinal radiation damage after abdominal radiation therapy. Many in vitro studies su...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cho CH,Kammerer RA,Lee HJ,Yasunaga K,Kim KT,Choi HH,Kim W,Kim SH,Park SK,Lee GM,Koh GY

更新日期：2004-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：:A recently described organ culture system for human thymocytes is shown to support the generation of a diverse T-cell receptor repertoire in vitro: thymocytes of the alpha beta lineage, including representatives of the V beta families 5.2/5.3, 6.7, and 8, accounted for the majority of T-cell receptor-positive cells th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Merkenschlager M,Fisher AG

更新日期：1992-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We use the inverse scattering method to determine the weak limit of solutions of the Korteweg-deVries equation as dispersion tends to zero. The limit, valid for all time, is characterized in terms of a quadratic programming problem which can be solved with the aid of function theoretic methods. For large t, the soluti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lax PD,Levermore CD

更新日期：1979-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Within the basal ganglia, acetylcholine and dopamine play a central role in the extrapyramidal control of motor function. The physiologic effects of these neurotransmitters are mediated by a diversity of receptor subtypes, several of which have now been cloned. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are encoded by five ge...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weiner DM,Levey AI,Brann MR

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Current drug discovery efforts focus on identifying lead compounds acting on a molecular target associated with an established pathological state. Concerted molecular changes that occur in specific cell types during disease progression have generally not been identified. Here, we used constellation pharmacology to inv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Raghuraman S,Xie JY,Giacobassi MJ,Tun JO,Chase K,Lu D,Teichert RW,Porreca F,Olivera BM

更新日期：2020-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Proactive policing, the strategic targeting of people or places to prevent crimes, is a well-studied tactic that is ubiquitous in modern law enforcement. A 2017 National Academies of Sciences report reviewed existing literature, entrenched in deterrence theory, and found evidence that proactive policing strategies can...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Del Toro J,Lloyd T,Buchanan KS,Robins SJ,Bencharit LZ,Smiedt MG,Reddy KS,Pouget ER,Kerrison EM,Goff PA

更新日期：2019-04-23 00:00:00

abstract：:PSD-95 is a scaffolding protein that regulates the synaptic localization of many receptors, channels, and signaling proteins. The NLGN gene family encodes single-pass transmembrane postsynaptic cell adhesion molecules that are important for synapse assembly and function. At excitatory synapses, NLGN1 mediates transsyn...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jeong J,Pandey S,Li Y,Badger JD 2nd,Lu W,Roche KW

更新日期：2019-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The colligative properties of ATP and catecholamines demonstrated in vitro are thought to be responsible for the extraordinary accumulation of solutes inside chromaffin cell secretory vesicles, although this has yet to be demonstrated in living cells. Because functional cells cannot be deprived of ATP, we have knocked...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Estévez-Herrera J,Domínguez N,Pardo MR,González-Santana A,Westhead EW,Borges R,Machado JD

更新日期：2016-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:How olfactory sensory neurons converge on spatially invariant glomeruli in the olfactory bulb is largely unknown. In one model, olfactory sensory neurons interact with spatially restricted guidance cues in the bulb that orient and guide them to their target. Identifying differentially expressed molecules in the olfact...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lin DM,Yang YH,Scolnick JA,Brunet LJ,Marsh H,Peng V,Okazaki Y,Hayashizaki Y,Speed TP,Ngai J

更新日期：2004-08-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The electron spin resonance spectrum of the triplet excited state of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides R-26 reaction centers has been studied after excitation with the polarized narrow-bandwidth output of a tunable dye laser from 520 to 670 nm. A theory is developed relating experimental observables to the angles between th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Boxer SG,Roelofs MG

更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Soret-excited resonance Raman spectroscopy yields direct information regarding the iron-carbon bonding interactions in the cyanomet and carbonmonoxy complexes of hemoglobin III from Chironomus thummi thummi (CTT III) in solution. By isotope exchange in cyanide (13CN-, C15N-, and 13C15N-) and carbon monoxide (13CO, C18...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yu NT,Benko B,Kerr EA,Gersonde K

更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The phosphorylation of H2Ax on its S139 site, γH2Ax, is important during DNA double-strand repair and is considered necessary for assembly of repair complexes, but its functional role after other kinds of DNA damage is less clear. We have measured the survival of isogenic mouse cell lines with the H2Ax gene knocked ou...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Revet I,Feeney L,Bruguera S,Wilson W,Dong TK,Oh DH,Dankort D,Cleaver JE

更新日期：2011-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Plants can defend themselves from herbivorous insects by emitting volatile chemical signals that attract natural enemies of the herbivore. For example, maize seedlings attacked by beet armyworm larvae (Spodoptera exigua) produce a mixture of terpenoid and indole volatiles that serve to attract parasitic wasps. A key s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shen B,Zheng Z,Dooner HK

更新日期：2000-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:A single animal group can display different types of collective motion at different times. For a one-dimensional individual-based model of self-organizing group formation, we show that repeated switching between distinct ordered collective states can occur entirely because of stochastic effects. We introduce a framewo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kolpas A,Moehlis J,Kevrekidis IG

更新日期：2007-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphorylation-based signaling pathways employ dephosphorylation mechanisms for signal termination. Histidine to aspartate phosphosignaling in the two-component system that controls bacterial chemotaxis has been studied extensively. Rhodobacter sphaeroides has a complex chemosensory pathway with multiple homologues o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Porter SL,Roberts MA,Manning CS,Armitage JP

更新日期：2008-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:How colloidal particles interact with each other is one of the key issues that determines our ability to interpret experimental results for phase transitions in colloidal dispersions and our ability to apply colloid science to various industrial processes. The long-accepted theories for answering this question have be...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu J,Bratko D,Prausnitz JM

更新日期：1998-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is involved in the generation of various brain rhythmic activities that can be modulated by benzodiazepines. Here, we assessed the contribution of alpha(2)GABA type A (GABA(A)) receptors to the effects of benzodiazepines on sleep and waking oscillatory pat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kopp C,Rudolph U,Löw K,Tobler I

更新日期：2004-03-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Members of the CCAAT-binding transcription factor (CTF) family of proteins stimulate the initiation of adenovirus DNA replication and act as transcriptional activators. To investigate the mechanisms underlying CTF-mediated transactivation patterns, we expressed several natural CTF variants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Altmann H,Wendler W,Winnacker EL

更新日期：1994-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein folding poses unique challenges for large, disordered proteins due to the low resolution of structural data accessible in experiment and on the basis of short time scales and limited sampling attainable in computation. Such molecules are uniquely suited to accelerated-sampling molecular dynamics algorithms due...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tarakanova A,Yeo GC,Baldock C,Weiss AS,Buehler MJ

更新日期：2018-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Electrical coupling between pyramidal cell axons, and between interneuron dendrites, have both been described in the hippocampus. What are the functional roles of the two types of coupling? Interneuron gap junctions enhance synchrony of gamma oscillations (25-70 Hz) in isolated interneuron networks and also in network...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Traub RD,Pais I,Bibbig A,LeBeau FE,Buhl EH,Hormuzdi SG,Monyer H,Whittington MA

更新日期：2003-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated the biochemical basis for negative regulation of interleukin 2 receptor alpha-chain (IL-2R alpha) gene expression. Transient transfection studies employing internally deleted forms of the IL-2R alpha promoter localized a negative regulatory element (NRE) between nucleotides -400 and -368 relative ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smith MR,Greene WC

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complex phenotypes can be modeled as networks of component traits connected by genetic, developmental, or functional interactions. Aposematism, which has evolved multiple times in poison frogs (Dendrobatidae), links a warning signal to a chemical defense against predators. Other traits are involved in this complex phe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Santos JC,Cannatella DC

更新日期：2011-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The phagocyte NADPH oxidase, dormant in resting cells, is activated during phagocytosis to produce superoxide, a precursor of microbicidal oxidants. The activated oxidase is a complex of membrane-integrated cytochrome b558, composed of 91-kDa (gp91phox) and 22-kDa (p22phox) subunits, and two cytosolic factors (p47phox...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sumimoto H,Kage Y,Nunoi H,Sasaki H,Nose T,Fukumaki Y,Ohno M,Minakami S,Takeshige K

更新日期：1994-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:DG42 is one of the main mRNAs expressed during gastrulation in embryos of Xenopus laevis. Here we demonstrate that cells expressing this mRNA synthesize hyaluronan. The cloned DG42 cDNA was expressed in rabbit kidney (RK13) and human osteosarcoma (tk-) cells using a vaccinia virus system. Lysates prepared from infecte...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meyer MF,Kreil G

更新日期：1996-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:CD4 can physically associate with the CD3-T-cell receptor complex as visualized in cocapping experiments. This association occurs when the T-cell receptor is cross-linked by certain anti-variable region antibodies that appear to induce a conformational change in the receptor such that it associate with CD4. Similar as...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rojo JM,Saizawa K,Janeway CA Jr

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have shown that the genes of the gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis pathway in the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi are organized in a cluster of at least seven genes. P450-1 is one of four cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes in this cluster. Disruption of the P450-1 gene in the GA-producing wild-type strain IMI ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rojas MC,Hedden P,Gaskin P,Tudzynski B

更新日期：2001-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:We have established a transformation system for Dictyostelium discoideum. The transformation vector contains the protein coding region of the Tn5 neomycin resistance gene fused to the proposed promoter of the Dictyostelium actin 8 gene; the vector also contains a sequence that acts as an autonomously replicating seque...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hirth KP,Edwards CA,Firtel RA

更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00