Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the crude, seasonal and cull-reason stratified prevalence of Salmonella fecal shedding in cull dairy cattle on seven California dairies. A secondary objective was to estimate and compare the relative sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for pools of 5 and 10 enriched broth cultures of fecal samples for Salmonella sp. detection. METHODS:Seven dairy farms located in the San Joaquin Valley of California were identified and enrolled in the study as a convenience sample. Cull cows were identified for fecal sampling once during each season between 2014 and 2015, specifically during spring, summer, fall, and winter, and 10 cows were randomly selected for fecal sampling at the day of their sale. In addition, study personnel completed a survey based on responses of the herd manager to questions related to the previous four month's herd management. Fecal samples were frozen until testing for Salmonella. After overnight enrichment in liquid broth, pools of enrichment broth (EBP) were created for 5 and 10 samples. All individual and pooled broths were cultured on selective media with putative Salmonella colonies confirmed by biochemical testing before being serogrouped and serotyped. RESULTS:A total of 249 cull cows were enrolled into the study and their fecal samples tested for Salmonella. The survey-weighted period prevalence of fecal shedding of all Salmonella sp. in the cull cow samples across all study herds and the entire study period was 3.42% (N = 249; SE 1.07). The within herd prevalence of Salmonella shed in feces did not differ over the four study seasons (P = 0.074). The Se of culture of EBP of five samples was 62.5% (SE = 17.12), which was not statistically different from the Se of culture of EBP of 10 (37.5%, SE = 17.12, P = 0.48). The Sp of culture of EBP of five samples was 95.24% (SE = 3.29) and for pools of 10 samples was 100.00% (SE = 0). There was no statistical difference between the culture relative specificities of EBP of 5 and 10 (P > 0.99). DISCUSSION:Our study showed a numerically higher prevalence of Salmonella shedding in the summer, although the results were not significant, most likely due to a lack of power from the small sample size. A higher prevalence in summer months may be related to heat stress. To detect Salmonella, investigators may expect a 62.5% sensitivity for culture of EBP of five, relative to individual fecal sample enrichment and culture. In contrast, culture of EBP of 10 samples resulted in a numerically lower Se. Culture of EBP of size 5 or 10 samples, given similar prevalence and limit of detection, can be expected to yield specificities of 95 and 100%, respectively.
journal_name
PeerJjournal_title
PeerJauthors
Abu Aboud OA,Adaska JM,Williams DR,Rossitto PV,Champagne JD,Lehenbauer TW,Atwill R,Li X,Aly SSdoi
10.7717/peerj.2386subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-08-30 00:00:00pages
e2386issn
2167-8359pii
2386journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PeerJ文献大全abstract::Heterodonty in Crocodylia and closely related taxa has not been defined quantitatively, as the teeth rarely have been measured. This has resulted in a range of qualitative descriptors, with little consensus on the condition of dental morphology in the clade. The purpose of this study is to present a method for the qua...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.6485
更新日期:2019-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::We describe Atrimitra isolata sp. n. (Gastropoda: Mitridae), collected on the summit of seamounts (~200 m water depth) in the vicinity of Desventuradas Islands, Chile insular territory. Additionally, we provide some insight into the habitat of this new species based on underwater imagery taken with a remotely operated...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8279
更新日期:2019-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Reservoirs possess gradients in conditions and resources along their long (deep-shallow) axis, but the response of littoral vertebrates (fish and turtles) to these gradients is poorly understood. We have quantified the littoral vertebrate communities throughout a small reservoir in Southeastern Ohio during July and Au...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.693
更新日期:2014-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Current ovarian cancer treatment involves chemotherapy that has serious limitations, such as rapid clearance, unfavorable biodistribution and severe side effects. To overcome these limitations, drug delivery systems (DDS) have been developed to encapsulate chemotherapeutics for delivery to tumor cells. However, no sys...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.1489
更新日期:2015-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Barona arcuata, n.gen et n.sp., a left forewing of a relatively large cockroach of the Order Blattaria, is described from mesosaur-bearing lagoonal shales of the Mangrullo Formation (north-eastern Uruguay). While most of the insect remains recovered from the Mangrullo Formation come from sandy limestones, associated t...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.6289
更新日期:2019-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a useful method for understanding form and function. However, modelling of fossil taxa invariably involves assumptions as a result of preservation-induced loss of information in the fossil record. To test the validity of predictions from FEA, given such assumptions, these results could...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.4426
更新日期:2018-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::Wildlife demography is typically studied at a single point in time within a year when species, often during the reproductive season, are more active and therefore easier to find. However, this provides only a low-resolution glimpse into demographic temporal patterns over time and may hamper a more complete understandi...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8658
更新日期:2020-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::Body condition is an important determinant of health, and its evaluation has practical applications for the conservation and management of mammals. We developed a noninvasive method that uses photographs to assess the body condition of free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) in the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.9982
更新日期:2020-09-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Because etomidate induces prolonged adrenal suppression, even following a single bolus, its use as an infused anesthetic is limited. Our previous study indicated that a single administration of the novel etomidate analog methoxyethyletomidate hydrochloride (ET-26-HCl) shows little suppression of adrenocortic...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.3693
更新日期:2017-09-04 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Cognitive dysfunction in fibromyalgia (FM) encompasses objective cognitive difficulties, as measured in neuropsychological tests, and self-reported cognitive complaints. Although it has been suggested that FM patients display problems in working memory, the data are inconsistent, and the overall working memo...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.5907
更新日期:2018-11-21 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Much of the shape variation found in animals is based on allometry and heterochrony. Horses represent an excellent model to investigate patterns of size-shape variation among breeds that were intentionally bred for extreme small and large sizes. Methods:We tested whether ponies (wither height < 148 cm) have...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.7678
更新日期:2019-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Global warming can significantly affect many aspects of the biology of animal species, including their thermal physiology and physiological performance. Thermal performance curves provide a heuristic model to evaluate the impacts of temperature on the ecophysiology of ectotherms. When integrated with other thermal bio...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.7437
更新日期:2019-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was the characterization of fatty acids, antioxidant activity, some physical properties, nutrient content, sugars, and minerals in the pulp and seeds of the date cultivar 'Medjool' (Phoenix dactylifera L.) grown in Mexico. The samples were obtained at maturity (Tamar) in the 2017 harvest season i...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.6821
更新日期:2019-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Relative gene expression data obtained from quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) experiments are dependent on appropriate normalization to represent true values. It is common to use constitutively expressed endogenous reference genes (RGs) for normalization, but for this strategy to be valid the RGs must be stably expressed ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.7181
更新日期:2019-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::Deposits spanning the Radotruncana calcarata Taxon Range Zone at the Postalm section, Northern Calcareous Alps (Austria) are examined quantitatively for foraminiferal assemblages, especially the planktonic group. This study focuses on establishing a high resolution record spanning an 800 ka long stratigraphic interval...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.1757
更新日期:2016-03-08 00:00:00
abstract:Introduction:Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. Despite recommendations for HPV vaccination of young women from health authorities, parental concerns were raised whether vaccination could induce unsafe sexual behaviour in young women. Therefore, the primary aim...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8516
更新日期:2020-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolic dysfunction in skeletal muscle is a major contributor to the development of type 2 diabetes. Endurance exercise training has long been established as an effective means to directly restore skeletal muscle glucose and lipid uptake and metabolism. However, in addition to the direct effects of skeletal muscle o...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.605
更新日期:2014-09-30 00:00:00
abstract:Context:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. Objective:Human plasma is comprised of over 10 orders of magnitude concentration of proteins and tissue leakages. The changes in the abundance of these proteins have played an important role in various human ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.4730
更新日期:2018-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in behavior are often the proximate response of animals to human disturbance, with variability in tolerance levels leading some species to exhibit striking shifts in life history, fitness, and/or survival. Thus, elucidating the effects of disturbance on animal behavior, and how this varies among taxonomically ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.6956
更新日期:2019-06-07 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Chloroplast genomes provide insufficient phylogenetic information to distinguish between closely related sugarcane cultivars, due to the recent origin of many cultivars and the conserved sequence of the chloroplast. In comparison, the mitochondrial genome of plants is much larger and more plastic and could c...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.7558
更新日期:2019-09-24 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Dengue infection represents a global health issue of growing importance. Dengue non-structural protein 1 (NS1) plays a central role in the early detection of the disease. The most common method for NS1 detection is testing by lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) with varying sensitivity. In this study, we prese...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.7779
更新日期:2019-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) protein is localized in the outer membrane of mitochondria, where it plays an important role in promoting cellular survival and inhibiting the actions of pro-apoptotic proteins. PRDM10 is a member of the PR/SET family of epigenetic regulators and may play a role in development and cell differ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.6941
更新日期:2019-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Fatigue influences athletic performance and can also increase the risk of injury in sports, and most of the methods to evaluate it require an additional voluntary effort. Tensiomyography (TMG), which uses electrical stimulation and a displacement sensor to evaluate muscle contraction properties of one or mor...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8674
更新日期:2020-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Knowledge on the precise identification of fish resources is critical for sustainable fisheries management. This study employs the DNA barcoding approach to generate a molecular taxonomic catalogue of commercially important reef fishes in the waters of Weh Island (Aceh Province), the most northerly inhabited island in...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.9641
更新日期:2020-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::Ichthyosaur fossils are abundant in Lower Jurassic sediments with nine genera found in the UK. In this paper, we describe the partial skeleton of a large ichthyosaur from the Lower Jurassic (lower Sinemurian) of Warwickshire, England, which was conserved and rearticulated to form the centrepiece of a new permanent gal...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.6112
更新日期:2019-01-08 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The circadian clock not only participates in regulating various stages of plant growth, development and metabolism, but confers plant environmental adaptability to stress such as drought. Pseudo-Response Regulators (PRRs) are important component of the central oscillator (the core of circadian clock) and pla...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.9936
更新日期:2020-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Closed cerebral hemorrhage (CCH) is a common symptom in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients who suffer intracranial hemorrhage with the dura mater remaining intact. The diagnosis of CCH patients prior to hospitalization and in the early stage of the disease can help patients get earlier treatments that improve outco...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.6717
更新日期:2019-04-12 00:00:00
abstract::Excluding grazers is one of most efficient ways to restore degraded grasslands in desert-steppe communities, but may negatively affect the recovery of plant species diversity. However, diversity differences between grazed and fenced grasslands in desert-steppe are poorly known. In a Stipa breviflora desert steppe comm...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.4359
更新日期:2018-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::The Eocene history of cetacean evolution is now represented by the expansive fossil record of archaeocetes elucidating major morphofunctional shifts relating to the land to sea transition, but the change from archaeocetes to modern cetaceans is poorly established. New fossil material of the recently recognized family ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.1129
更新日期:2015-09-10 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The functional significance of ADAMs family members in the immune infiltration of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) awaits elucidation. Methods:ADAMs family members with significant expression were identified among differentially expressed genes of PAAD based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database follow...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.9736
更新日期:2020-09-30 00:00:00