Abstract:
:Metabolic dysfunction in skeletal muscle is a major contributor to the development of type 2 diabetes. Endurance exercise training has long been established as an effective means to directly restore skeletal muscle glucose and lipid uptake and metabolism. However, in addition to the direct effects of skeletal muscle on glucose and lipids, there is renewed interest in the ability of skeletal muscle to coordinate metabolic activity of other tissues, such as adipose tissue and liver. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of endurance exercise on the expression level of two novel muscle-derived secreted factors, or myokines, Myonectin and Fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5), the precursor for Irisin. Methods. We performed immunoblot analysis and quantitative real-time PCR analysis of Myonectin and FNDC5 in the diaphragm muscles of obese Zucker rat (OZR) and lean Zucker rat (LZR) with 9 weeks of aerobic training on a motorized treadmill. Results. We show that myonectin gene expression is increased in the OZR model of obesity and decreases with exercise in both lean and obese Zucker rats. Conversely, myonectin protein concentration was elevated with exercise. Similarly, FNDC5 mRNA levels are significantly higher in the OZR, however exercise training had no effect on the expression level of FNDC5 in either the LZR or OZR. We did not observe any difference in muscle protein content of Irisin with obesity or exercise. Conclusion. Our data shows that exercise training does not increase either FNDC5 or myonectin gene expression, indicating that increased transcriptional regulation of these myokines is not induced by exercise. However, our data also indicates a yet to be explored disconnect between myonectin gene expression and protein content. Further, this report highlights the importance of verifying reference genes when completing gene expression analysis. We found that many commonly used reference genes varied significantly by obesity and/or exercise and would have skewed the results of this study if used to normalize gene expression data. The unstable reference genes include: beta-Actin, beta-2-microglobulin, Non-POU domain containing, octamer-binding, Peptidylprolyl isomerase H, 18S ribosomal RNA, TATA box binding protein and Transferrin receptor.
journal_name
PeerJjournal_title
PeerJauthors
Peterson JM,Mart R,Bond CEdoi
10.7717/peerj.605subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-09-30 00:00:00pages
e605issn
2167-8359pii
605journal_volume
2pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PeerJ文献大全abstract:Background:Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a common phenotype in higher plants, that is often associated with rearrangements in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and is widely used to produce hybrid seeds in a variety of valuable crop species. Investigation of the CMS phenomenon promotes understanding of fundamental issue...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.5266
更新日期:2018-07-23 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Little is known regarding the toxic and therapeutic doses of amygdalin. Treatment regimens and schedules can vary between humans and animal models, and there have been reports of cyanide toxicity due to amygdalin use. Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of amygdalin...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.9232
更新日期:2020-05-21 00:00:00
abstract::The study of vertebrate ontogenies has the potential to inform us of shared developmental patterns and processes among organisms. However, fossilised ontogenies of early vertebrates are extremely rare during the Palaeozoic Era. A growth series of the Late Devonian "acanthodian" Triazeugacanthus affinis, from the Migua...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.3969
更新日期:2017-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::There has been an increase in the mortality rate and morbidity of kidney cancer (KC) with kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) being the most common subtype of KC. GRAMD1C (GRAM Domain Containing 1C) has not been reported to relate to prognosis and immunotherapy in any cancers. Using bioinformatics methods, we jud...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8205
更新日期:2019-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::The use of baited remote underwater video (BRUV) for examining and monitoring marine biodiversity in temperate marine environments is rapidly growing, however many aspects of their effectiveness relies on assumptions based on studies from the Southern Hemisphere. The addition of bait to underwater camera systems acts ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.9744
更新日期:2020-08-27 00:00:00
abstract::Evolutionary biology has entered an era of unprecedented amounts of DNA sequence data, as new sequencing technologies such as Massive Parallel Sequencing (MPS) can generate billions of nucleotides within less than a day. The current bottleneck is how to efficiently handle, process, and analyze such large amounts of da...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.5175
更新日期:2018-07-13 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. We wished to determine test re-test reliability and construct validity of the star-track test of manual dexterity. Design. Test re-test reliability was examined in a controlled study. Construct validity was tested in a blinded randomized crossover study. Setting. The study was performed at a university hos...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.917
更新日期:2015-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::Biodiversity forecasts are important for conservation, management, and evaluating how well current models characterize natural systems. While the number of forecasts for biodiversity is increasing, there is little information available on how well these forecasts work. Most biodiversity forecasts are not evaluated to ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.4278
更新日期:2018-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons are embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM), which functions both as a scaffold and as a regulator of neuronal function. The ECM is in turn dynamically altered through the action of serine proteases, which break down its constituents. This pathway has been implicated in the regulation of synaptic plasticity ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.6796
更新日期:2019-04-23 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Several authors have indicated that excess body weight can modify the electromyographic (EMG) amplitude due to the accumulation of subcutaneous fat. This accumulation of adipose tissue around the muscle would affect the metabolic capacity during functional activities. On the other hand, some authors have not...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.7175
更新日期:2019-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::Background. The impact of head and neck cancer (HNC) in long-term survivors differs widely among individuals, and a significant number of them suffer from the negative effects of disease, whereas others report significant positive effect. This systematic review investigated the evidence the implications of treatment f...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.256
更新日期:2014-02-11 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. In addition to its highly debilitating motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms may precede their motor counterparts by many years, which may characterize a prodromal phase of PD. A potential pharmacological strategy is to introduce neu...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.4957
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was reported to be diagnosed at a later stage, but the mechanism was unknown. This study aimed to identify special key genes (SKGs) during alcohol-related HCC development and progression. Methods:The mRNA data of 369 HCC patients and the clinical information we...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.6375
更新日期:2019-02-06 00:00:00
abstract:Background:In the predator-sea urchin-macrophyte trophic cascade, the ecological effect of sea urchins as grazers depends both on their density and the changes in foraging activity, which are influenced by various disturbing factors. However, the complete duration of the alarm reactions of echinoids has not been studie...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8087
更新日期:2019-11-22 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:This study aimed to examine differences between track and field (T&F) runners and foot-orienteers (Foot-O) in the walking and running tests in the absence of vision and hearing. We attempted to determine whether experienced foot orienteers show better ability to maintain the indicated direction compared to trac...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.7736
更新日期:2019-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the impact of simulated global change on a high alpine meadow plant community. Specifically, we examined whether short-term (5 years) responses are good predictors for medium-term (7 years) changes in the system by applying a factorial warming and nutrient manipulation to 20 plots in Latnjajaure, subarctic ...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.406
更新日期:2014-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Ocean acidification threatens the foundation of tropical coral reefs. This study investigated three aspects of ocean acidification: (i) the rates at which perforate and imperforate coral-colony skeletons passively dissolve when pH is 7.8, which is predicted to occur globally by 2100, (ii) the rates of passive dissolut...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.208
更新日期:2013-11-21 00:00:00
abstract::Healthy, older adults are widely reported to experience cognitive decline, including impairments in inhibitory control. However, this general proposition has recently come under scrutiny because ageing effects are highly variable between individuals, are task dependent, and are sometimes not distinguished from general...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8401
更新日期:2020-01-09 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Although integrated pest management (IPM) is essential for conservation agriculture, this method can be inadequate for severely infected fields. The ability to predict the potential occurrence of severe infestation of soil-borne disease would enable farmers to adopt suitable methods for high-risk areas, such...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.10290
更新日期:2020-11-17 00:00:00
abstract::Background. India accounts for 24% to all under-five mortality in the world. Residence in rural area, poverty and low levels of mother's education are known confounders of under-five mortality. Since two-thirds of India's population lives in rural areas, mothers employed in agriculture present a particularly vulnerabl...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.710
更新日期:2015-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::According to Spearman's law of diminishing returns (SLODR), IQ test scores are more g saturated among those with low, compared to those with high, ability. The present simulation shows that such difference in saturation can be observed if test scores are affected by a disturbing factor, for example, low motivation, il...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.9490
更新日期:2020-07-03 00:00:00
abstract:Background:In idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL), the relationship between the administration duration of vitamin B12 (vit B12) with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and their therapeutic effect is not fully understood. Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of long-term 16 (≥weeks) administrat...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.10406
更新日期:2020-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::Knowledge on the precise identification of fish resources is critical for sustainable fisheries management. This study employs the DNA barcoding approach to generate a molecular taxonomic catalogue of commercially important reef fishes in the waters of Weh Island (Aceh Province), the most northerly inhabited island in...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.9641
更新日期:2020-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::Climate change will significantly affect plant distribution as well as the quality of medicinal plants. Although numerous studies have analyzed the effect of climate change on future habitats of plants through species distribution models (SDMs), few of them have incorporated the change of effective content of medicina...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.2554
更新日期:2016-10-20 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Fatigue influences athletic performance and can also increase the risk of injury in sports, and most of the methods to evaluate it require an additional voluntary effort. Tensiomyography (TMG), which uses electrical stimulation and a displacement sensor to evaluate muscle contraction properties of one or mor...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.8674
更新日期:2020-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Metoposaurids are representatives of the extinct amphibian clade Temnospondyli, found on almost every continent exclusively in the Late Triassic deposits. Osteohistologically, it is one of the best-known temnospondyl groups, analyzed with a wide spectrum of methods, such as morphology, morphometry, bone histology or c...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.9868
更新日期:2020-09-08 00:00:00
abstract::Arbutin (p-hydroxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside), a well-known tyrosinase inhibitor, has been widely used as a cosmetic whitening agent. Although its natural role is to scavenge free radicals within cells, it has also exhibited useful activities for the treatment of diuresis, bacterial infections and cancer, as well as a...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.4170
更新日期:2017-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanisms generating and maintaining biodiversity at regional scales may be evaluated by quantifying β-diversity along environmental gradients. Differences in assemblages result in biotic complementarities and redundancies among sites, which may be quantified through multi-dimensional approaches incorporating taxonom...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.5628
更新日期:2018-09-24 00:00:00
abstract:Background:High heel shoes (HHS) can affect human postural control because elevated heel height (HH) may result in plantar flexed foot and limit ankle joint range of motion during walking. Effects of HH and HHS wearing experience on postural stability during self-initiated and externally triggered perturbations are les...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.10239
更新日期:2020-10-28 00:00:00
abstract:Background:A key step in embryo implantation is the adhesion to and invasion of the endometrium by the blastocyst trophectoderm. The envelope proteins of HERV-W and -FRD (human endogenous retrovirus-W and -FRD), syncytin-1 and syncytin-2, are mainly distributed in the placenta, and play important roles in the developme...
journal_title:PeerJ
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7717/peerj.10368
更新日期:2020-11-17 00:00:00