Abstract:
:Despite considerable interest in the forces shaping the relationship between brain size and cognitive abilities, it remains controversial whether larger-brained animals are, indeed, better problem-solvers. Recently, several comparative studies have revealed correlations between brain size and traits thought to require advanced cognitive abilities, such as innovation, behavioral flexibility, invasion success, and self-control. However, the general assumption that animals with larger brains have superior cognitive abilities has been heavily criticized, primarily because of the lack of experimental support for it. Here, we designed an experiment to inquire whether specific neuroanatomical or socioecological measures predict success at solving a novel technical problem among species in the mammalian order Carnivora. We presented puzzle boxes, baited with food and scaled to accommodate body size, to members of 39 carnivore species from nine families housed in multiple North American zoos. We found that species with larger brains relative to their body mass were more successful at opening the boxes. In a subset of species, we also used virtual brain endocasts to measure volumes of four gross brain regions and show that some of these regions improve model prediction of success at opening the boxes when included with total brain size and body mass. Socioecological variables, including measures of social complexity and manual dexterity, failed to predict success at opening the boxes. Our results, thus, fail to support the social brain hypothesis but provide important empirical support for the relationship between relative brain size and the ability to solve this novel technical problem.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Benson-Amram S,Dantzer B,Stricker G,Swanson EM,Holekamp KEdoi
10.1073/pnas.1505913113subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-03-01 00:00:00pages
2532-7issue
9eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1505913113journal_volume
113pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Clostridium kluyveri grown in the presence of 1 muM Na2(75)SeO3 produces a thiolase that copurifies with 75Se. Based on several criteria, the selenium moiety in this protein is selenomethionine. The 75Se-labeled amino acid in acid hydrolysates of the radioactive protein cochromatographed with authentic selenomethionin...
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abstract::Although aquaporin 5 (AQP5) is the major water channel expressed in alveolar type I cells in the lung, its actual role in the lung is a matter of considerable speculation. By using immunohistochemical staining, we show that AQP5 expression in mouse lung is not restricted to type I cells, but is also detected in alveol...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.231273398
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abstract::Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs selective for inhibition of COX-2 increase heart failure and elevate blood pressure. The COX-2 gene was floxed and crossed into merCremer mice under the alpha-myosin heavy-chain promoter. Tamoxifen induced selective deletion of COX-2 in cardiomyocytes depressed cardiac output, and ...
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.17.6372
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abstract::Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites derived from both cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways transduce a variety of signals related to cell growth. Here, we report that the AA LOX pathway also functions as a critical regulator of cell survival and apoptosis. Rat Walker 256 (W256) carcinosarcoma cells expre...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.93.11.5241
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.8.3863
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ubiquitous gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized to play a crucial role in human health. Using cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE)-deficient mice, we demonstrate an unexpected role of H2S in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) pathogenesis. We showed that Mtb-infected CSE-/- mice survive longer than WT m...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::A monomorphic anti-HLA-G monoclonal antibody (mAb) was obtained by immunization of HLA-B27/human beta 2-microglobulin double-transgenic mice with transfected murine L cells expressing both HLA-G and human beta 2-microglobulin. This mAb, designated BFL.1, specifically recognizes, by flow cytometry analysis, the immuniz...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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abstract::Erythropoietin, the hormone that is the primary regulator of erythrocyte production, has been purified from anemic-sheep plasma, with a purification factor of more than 1 million. Gel electrophoresis shows that the major contaminant is desialated erythropoietin. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.68.4.697
更新日期:1971-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The properties of the virus synthesized by each of three morphologically different cell lines originating from DBA/2J fetal liver cells transformed by the anemic strain of Friend leukemia virus in vitro were analyzed. The cells of line G-1 are malignant in syngeneic DBA/2 mice, grow in suspension, and are erythroid in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.10.5769
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tumor suppressor activity of p53 is regulated by interactions with the ubiquitin ligase HDM2 and the general transcriptional coactivators CBP and p300. Using NMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry, we have dissected the binding interactions between the N-terminal transactivation domain (TAD) of p53,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0811023106
更新日期:2009-04-21 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.11.5877
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of the rare initiation triplet AUU on mRNA translation was investigated by comparing the activity of two pairs of model mRNAs that differ in the length of Shine-Dalgarno and spacer sequences. Irrespective of the initiation triplet (AUG or AUU), all mRNAs had similar template activity in vitro, but transl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.9.4161
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vivo expression technology (IVET) has been used to identify > 100 Salmonella typhimurium genes that are specifically expressed during infection of BALB/c mice and/or murine cultured macrophages. Induction of these genes is shown to be required for survival in the animal under conditions of the IVET selection. One c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.3.934
更新日期:1997-02-04 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.26.12882
更新日期:1994-12-20 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.95.2.669
更新日期:1998-01-20 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.90.18.8382
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:2014-04-29 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.95.18.10602
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection of cultured cells with lytic animal viruses often results in the selective inhibition of host protein synthesis, whereas viral mRNA is efficiently translated under these circumstances. This phenomenon, known as "shut off," has been well described at the molecular level for some viruses, but there is not yet ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.1004110107
更新日期:2010-05-25 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2008-12-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期:2010-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::Thousands of large intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) have been identified in the mammalian genome, many of which have important roles in regulating a variety of biological processes. Here, we used a custom microarray to identify lincRNAs associated with activation of the innate immune response. A panel of 159 lincR...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::The Hyal-1 locus, which we have previously described and mapped to mouse chromosome 9, influences the serum levels and molecular weight forms of hyaluronidase. We have also shown that the growth of two transplantable tumors, the 3LL carcinoma and the B16F10 melanoma, is influenced by the alleles at Hyal-1, in that the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.12.5708
更新日期:1993-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Stearic acid is toxic for T lymphocytes in vitro but has little effect on B lymphocytes. To investigate the molecular basis for this difference, purified murine T and B lymphocytes were compared for their abilities to incorporate and metabolize stearic acid. Unstimulated T and B cells incorporated identical amounts of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.16.6133
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00