Optimized expression and specific activity of IL-12 by directed molecular evolution.

abstract：:The C4B isotype of the fourth component of human complement (C4) displays 3- to 4-fold greater hemolytic activity than does its other isotype C4A. This correlates with differences in their covalent binding efficiencies to erythrocytes coated with antibody and complement C1. C4A binds to a greater extent when C1 is on ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Carroll MC,Fathallah DM,Bergamaschini L,Alicot EM,Isenman DE

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bicistronic cassettes under control of a single promoter have recently been suggested as useful tools for coordinate expression of two different foreign proteins in mammalian cells. Using the long 5' untranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus as translational enhancer of the second gene, a bicistronic unit comp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aran JM,Gottesman MM,Pastan I

更新日期：1994-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) method for phase evaluation is now widely used in macromolecular crystallography. Successful MAD structure determinations have been carried out at the K or L absorption edges of a variety of elements. In this study, we investigate the anomalous scattering properties of u...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu Y,Ogata CM,Hendrickson WA

更新日期：2001-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:We have reported previously that murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with whole tumor lysates can mediate potent antitumor immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. Because successful therapy was dependent on host immune T cells, we have now evaluated whether the systemic administration of the T c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shimizu K,Fields RC,Giedlin M,Mulé JJ

更新日期：1999-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Previously it was shown that yeast ADA2 protein is necessary for the full activity of some activation domains, such as VP16 and GCN4, in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that ADA2 protein functions as a transcriptional coactivator or adaptor that bridges the interaction between certain acidic activation domain...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Silverman N,Agapite J,Guarente L

更新日期：1994-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Covariance analysis of protein sequence alignments uses coevolving pairs of sequence positions to predict features of protein structure and function. However, current methods ignore the phylogenetic relationships between sequences, potentially corrupting the identification of covarying positions. Here, we use random m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qin C,Colwell LJ

更新日期：2018-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：:To permit rapid optical control of brain activity, we have engineered multiple lines of transgenic mice that express the light-activated cation channel Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in subsets of neurons. Illumination of ChR2-positive neurons in brain slices produced photocurrents that generated action potentials within m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang H,Peca J,Matsuzaki M,Matsuzaki K,Noguchi J,Qiu L,Wang D,Zhang F,Boyden E,Deisseroth K,Kasai H,Hall WC,Feng G,Augustine GJ

更新日期：2007-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Temperature lability of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP; glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase; ADP: alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.27), a key starch biosynthetic enzyme, may play a significant role in the heat-induced loss in maize seed weight and yield. Here we report the isolation an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Greene TW,Hannah LC

更新日期：1998-10-27 00:00:00

abstract：:S3I-201 (NSC 74859) is a chemical probe inhibitor of Stat3 activity, which was identified from the National Cancer Institute chemical libraries by using structure-based virtual screening with a computer model of the Stat3 SH2 domain bound to its Stat3 phosphotyrosine peptide derived from the x-ray crystal structure of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Siddiquee K,Zhang S,Guida WC,Blaskovich MA,Greedy B,Lawrence HR,Yip ML,Jove R,McLaughlin MM,Lawrence NJ,Sebti SM,Turkson J

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A general repressor extensively studied in vitro is the human Dr1/DRAP1 heterodimeric complex. To elucidate the function of Dr1 and DRAP1 in vivo, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dr1/DRAP1 repressor complex was identified. The repressor complex is encoded by two essential genes, designated YDR1 and BUR6. The inviab...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim S,Na JG,Hampsey M,Reinberg D

更新日期：1997-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Tooth decay (dental caries) is a widespread human disease caused by microbial biofilms. Streptococcus mutans, a biofilm-former, has been consistently associated with severe childhood caries; however, how this bacterium is spatially organized with other microorganisms in the oral cavity to promote disease remains unkno...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim D,Barraza JP,Arthur RA,Hara A,Lewis K,Liu Y,Scisci EL,Hajishengallis E,Whiteley M,Koo H

更新日期：2020-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Ligand specificity of a murine gammadelta T-cell receptor-expressing hybridoma (KN6) derived from adult thymocytes has been analyzed in detail. The molecule recognized by the KN6 gammadelta T-cell receptor is expressed on syngeneic cells of various sources (peritoneal macrophages, thymocytes, spleen cells, and Abelson...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bonneville M,Ito K,Krecko EG,Itohara S,Kappes D,Ishida I,Kanagawa O,Janeway CA,Murphy DB,Tonegawa S

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) has been used to determine the atomic coordinates (models) from density maps of biological assemblies. These models can be assessed by their overall fit to the experimental data and stereochemical information. However, these models do not annotate the actual density values of the atom...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hryc CF,Chen DH,Afonine PV,Jakana J,Wang Z,Haase-Pettingell C,Jiang W,Adams PD,King JA,Schmid MF,Chiu W

更新日期：2017-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent reports on the dystrophic mouse mutant suggest that the prominent extracellular matrix component of peripheral nerve tissues plays an important role in peripheral nerve development. We have examined the disposition of two prominent extracellular matrix components, fibronectin and laminin, both in mature periphe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cornbrooks CJ,Carey DJ,McDonald JA,Timpl R,Bunge RP

更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How does genome evolution affect the rate of diversification of biological lineages? Recent studies have suggested that the overall rate of genome evolution is correlated with the rate of diversification. If true, this claim has important consequences for understanding the process of diversification, and implications ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lanfear R,Ho SY,Love D,Bromham L

更新日期：2010-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Using a water-based prebiotic model of sugar synthesis involving glycolaldehyde self-condensation, we demonstrate that homochiral L-dipeptide catalysts lead to the stereospecific syntheses of tetroses. The asymmetric effect is largest for erythrose, which may reach a D-enantiomeric excess of >80% with L-Val-L-Val cata...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weber AL,Pizzarello S

更新日期：2006-08-22 00:00:00

abstract：:To elucidate the means by which metabolic inhibition depolarizes cardiac cells, spontaneously beating chicken embryonic myocardial cell aggregates were voltage clamped during superfusion with 2,4-dinitrophenol and iodoacetic acid. In aggregates continuously clamped in the pacemaker potential range, abrupt exposure to ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Clusin WT

更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rad51 is a highly conserved eukaryotic homolog of the prokaryotic recombination protein RecA, which has been shown to function in both recombinational repair of DNA damage and meiotic recombination in yeast. In primary murine B cells cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate heavy chain class switch recombin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li MJ,Peakman MC,Golub EI,Reddy G,Ward DC,Radding CM,Maizels N

更新日期：1996-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:We show in climate model experiments that large-scale afforestation in northern mid-latitudes warms the Northern Hemisphere and alters global circulation patterns. An expansion of dark forests increases the absorption of solar energy and increases surface temperature, particularly in regions where the land surface is ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Swann AL,Fung IY,Chiang JC

更新日期：2012-01-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The population genetic consequences of nearest-neighbor pollination in an outcrossing plant species were investigated through computer simulations. The genetic system consisted of two alleles at a single locus in a self-incompatible plant that mates by random pollen transfer from a neighboring individual. Beginning wi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Turner ME,Stephens JC,Anderson WW

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This note presents the derivation of generalized Ambartsumian-Chandrasekhar X and Y functions for stationary transfer in a plane-parallel slab. An algebraic formula relating these functions to the usual reflection function is also presented, together with the appropriate generalization of the Chandrasekhar H-equations...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Casti J

更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prediction of the native tertiary structure of a globular protein from the primary sequence will require a potential energy model that can discriminate all nonnative structures from the native structure(s). A successful model must distinguish not only alternate structures that are very nonnative but also alternate str...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang Y,Zhang H,Li W,Scott RA

更新日期：1995-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus (STIV) was isolated in acidic hot springs where it infects the archeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. We determined the STIV structure using near-atomic resolution electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography allowing tracing of structural polypeptide chains and visualization of transm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Veesler D,Ng TS,Sendamarai AK,Eilers BJ,Lawrence CM,Lok SM,Young MJ,Johnson JE,Fu CY

更新日期：2013-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit accumulate the red carotenoid pigment lycopene. The recessive mutation yellow-flesh (locus r) in tomato eliminates fruit carotenoids by disrupting the activity of the fruit-specific phytoene synthase (PSY1), the first committed step in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Fruits of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kachanovsky DE,Filler S,Isaacson T,Hirschberg J

更新日期：2012-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:A general model for the contractility of cells is presented that accounts for the dynamic reorganization of the cytoskeleton. The model is motivated by three key biochemical processes: (i) an activation signal that triggers actin polymerization and myosin phosphorylation, (ii) the tension-dependent assembly of the act...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Deshpande VS,McMeeking RM,Evans AG

更新日期：2006-09-19 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1000 primary gastric carcinomas, 70 (7.0%) contained Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomic sequences detected by PCR and Southern blots. The positive tumors comprised 8 of 9 (89%) undifferentiated lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas, 27 of 476 (5.7%) poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, and 35 of 515 (6.8%) moderately t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Imai S,Koizumi S,Sugiura M,Tokunaga M,Uemura Y,Yamamoto N,Tanaka S,Sato E,Osato T

更新日期：1994-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:We have studied the in vivo signaling mechanisms involved in nociceptin/orphanin FQ (Noci)-induced pain responses by using a flexor-reflex paradigm. Noci was 10,000 times more potent than substance P (SP) in eliciting flexor responses after intraplantar injection into the hind limb of mice, but the action of Noci seem...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Inoue M,Kobayashi M,Kozaki S,Zimmer A,Ueda H

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:G-protein metallochaperones ensure fidelity during cofactor assembly for a variety of metalloproteins, including adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl)-dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and hydrogenase, and thus have both medical and biofuel development applications. Here, we present crystal structures of IcmF, a natural fusion ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jost M,Cracan V,Hubbard PA,Banerjee R,Drennan CL

更新日期：2015-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Small ubiquitin modifier 1 (SUMO1) is shown to regulate K2P1 background channels in the plasma membrane (PM) of live mammalian cells. Confocal microscopy reveals native SUMO1, SAE1, and Ubc9 (the enzymes that activate and conjugate SUMO1) at PM where SUMO1 and expressed human K2P1 are demonstrated to colocalize. Silen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Plant LD,Dementieva IS,Kollewe A,Olikara S,Marks JD,Goldstein SA

更新日期：2010-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used to label the rabbit intestinal brush border Na+-glucose carrier, identify the carrier protein on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and monitor the effect of ions and substrates on fluorescence quenching. Enriched brush border preparations were employe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Peerce BE,Wright EM

更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00