Abstract：
:As a convention, a p-value is often computed in hypothesis testing and compared with the nominal level of 0.05 to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis. Although the smaller the p-value, the more significant the statistical test, it is difficult to perceive the p-value in a probability scale and quantify it as the strength of the data against the null hypothesis. In contrast, the Bayesian posterior probability of the null hypothesis has an explicit interpretation of how strong the data support the null. We make a comparison of the p-value and the posterior probability by considering a recent clinical trial. The results show that even when we reject the null hypothesis, there is still a substantial probability (around 20%) that the null is true. Not only should we examine whether the data would have rarely occurred under the null hypothesis, but we also need to know whether the data would be rare under the alternative. As a result, the p-value only provides one side of the information, for which the Bayes factor and posterior probability may offer complementary evidence.
journal_name
Contemp Clin Trialsjournal_title
Contemporary clinical trialsauthors
Lin R,Yin Gdoi
10.1016/j.cct.2015.07.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-09-01 00:00:00pages
33-35eissn
1551-7144issn
1559-2030pii
S1551-7144(15)30040-9journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Physical therapy (PT) is a key component of treatment for knee osteoarthritis (OA) and can decrease pain and improve function. Given the expected rise in prevalence of knee OA and the associated demand for treatment, there is a need for models of care that cost-effectively extend PT services for patients with this con...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2012.12.007
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:First-time blood donors are essential to the US donor pool, providing nearly a third of all donations. Unfortunately, there are a wide variety of obstacles to repeat donation and new donors are extremely difficult to retain. Because each donor experiences a unique set of deterrents, we developed a post-donation interv...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2015.07.020
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 2-in-1 adaptive design [Chen et al. 2018] allows seamless expansion of an ongoing Phase 2 trial into a Phase 3 trial to expedite a drug development program. An intermediate endpoint can be used for the adaptive decision. Under a mild assumption that is expected to generally hold in practice, both the Phase 2 trial...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2020.106053
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fraction of patients who respond to treatment and the duration of response in the subset of responding patients are commonly evaluated in oncology trials of cytotoxic compounds. While formal, comparative analysis of the fraction of patients responding to treatment is straightforward in a randomised trial, analyses...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2007.10.008
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Flexibility, Toning, and Balance (FlexToBa) Trial is a two-armed randomized controlled trial which will contrast the effects of a DVD-delivered, home-based, physical activity intervention and a Healthy Aging attention control condition on physical activity, functional performance, functional limitations, and quali...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2011.10.002
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen dependent condition that affects 5-10% of reproductive aged women and is associated with pelvic pain and infertility. As the approach to therapy shifts from surgical ablation to pharmacological control, a non-surgical mode of diagnosis would be desirable. The ENDOmarker st...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2018.03.002
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Management of asthma involves adherence to medication regimens. Assessing adherence is difficult for health care providers and researchers. Self-reported medication use is subjective, so objective methods of data collection for medication use are frequently used in asthma research. The aim of this project is...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2007.05.002
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Extant obesity efforts have had a limited impact among low-income underserved children, in part because existing programs are limited in terms of their short duration and low dosage, limited accessibility and sustainability; and failure to address barriers faced by diverse low-income families. METHODS:This ...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2018.12.010
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite evidence that palliative care increases quality and length of life, many patients and families remain uninformed about its nature and benefits. The purpose of this study is to test a psycho-educational intervention, Managing Cancer Care: A Personal Guide (MCC), intended to improve breast cancer patie...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2016.04.009
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several randomized trials have found behavior change programs delivered via text messaging to be efficacious to improve preventive health behaviors such as physical activity and stopping smoking; however few have assessed its value in skin cancer prevention or early detection. The HealthyTexts study enrolled 678 parti...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2013.03.009
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is of vital importance to the success of a randomized clinical trial to maintain the balance of baseline characteristics (covariates) that could potentially confound the outcomes of the trial. Various randomization methods have been proposed to increase the likelihood of having balanced covariates at the end of a t...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2011.03.004
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A response-adaptive randomization (RAR) design refers to the method in which the probability of treatment assignment changes according to how well the treatments are performing in the trial. Holding the promise of treating more patients with the better treatments, RARs have been successfully implemented in clinical tr...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2014.11.006
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Behavioral weight loss programs help people achieve clinically meaningful weight losses (8-10% of starting body weight). Despite data showing that only half of participants achieve this goal, a "one size fits all" approach is normative. This weight loss intervention science gap calls for adaptive interventions that pr...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2016.01.011
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Current guidelines recommend behavioral intervention to achieve a modest weight loss (e.g., 3-5%) as a first-line obesity treatment. Online behavioral obesity treatment, delivered via the Rx Weight Loss (RxWL) program, produces clinically significant initial weight losses. However, the program's pragmatic ut...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2019.05.003
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Focal ablation therapy is playing an increasing role in oncology and may reduce the toxicity of current surgical treatments while achieving adequate oncological benefit. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has been proposed to be tissue-selective with potential advantages compared with current thermal-ablat...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2015.05.002
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Determining the quality of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) is necessary for decision-makers to determine the believability and applicability of the trial findings. Issues that are likely to affect the utility of RCT evidence include issues of bias, random error and applicability. In this article we focus primarily o...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2015.07.019
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Many low-income parent/caregivers do not understand the importance of cavity-free primary (baby) teeth and the chronic nature of dental caries (tooth decay). As a consequence, dental preventive and treatment utilization is low even when children are screened in schools and referred for care. This study aim...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2015.10.006
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There are numerous potential sources of problems when performing complex clinical research trials. These issues are compounded when studies are multi-site and multiple personnel from different sites are responsible for varying actions from case report form design to primary data collection and data entry. M...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2005.11.013
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The translation of research evidence into practice is facilitated by clinical trials such as those sponsored by the National Cancer Institute's Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) that help disseminate cancer care innovations to community-based physicians and provider organizations. However, CCOP part...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2012.08.008
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since its introduction in 1974 the use of the term Minimization has been broadened to include other algorithms. All algorithms use patient characteristics to determine the assignment that produces the best overall balance between treatment groups. They differ in whether or not they use all of the data from each previo...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2009.12.005
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Basic research suggests that rapid increases in circulating inflammatory and hemostatic blood markers may trigger or indicate impending plaque rupture and coronary thrombosis, resulting in acute ischemic heart disease (IHD) events. However, these associations are not established in humans. METHODS AND RESUL...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2014.03.009
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) (Option B+) is recommended for all HIV-infected pregnant/postpartum women, but high adherence is required to maximize HIV prevention potential and maintain maternal health. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions may provide treatment adherence support for women during, an...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2017.03.007
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:If randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are to fulfill their potential to allow health care providers to make informed inferences about the validity of the trials upon which they base their clinical practice, then the reporting of key methodological factors must improve. The revised Consolidated Standards for Reporting...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2005.02.008
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Characteristics that may influence participation in DNA banks are not well defined. The purpose of this study was to examine characteristics associated with participation in a DNA bank among veterans diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). METHODS:Veterans who screened eligible for the National R...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2007.01.009
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dyslipidemia and insulin resistance occur in a large proportion of HIV-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); anthropomorphic changes, such as lipoatrophy and central obesity, occur in a subset of patients. This cluster of clinical features, which is termed HIV lipodystrophy, plac...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2006.07.002
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recruiting sufficient patients within an acceptable time horizon is an issue for most clinical trials and is especially challenging in the field of rare diseases. It is therefore an attractive option to include historical data from previous (pilot) trials in the current study thus reducing the recruitment burden. In c...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2017.07.013
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:With increased internet accessibility worldwide, it is now possible to assemble individuals with rare diseases through web-based patient registries. However, the validity of participant-reported medical diagnoses is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of participant-reported Neu...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2014.12.006
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whole exome and whole genome sequencing are applications of next generation sequencing transforming clinical care, but there is little evidence whether these tests improve patient outcomes or if they are cost effective compared to current standard of care. These gaps in knowledge can be addressed by comparative effect...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2014.06.016
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), collectively called progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS), is characterized by gradual progression of disability. The current anti-inflammatory treatments for MS have little or no efficacy in PMS in the absence of obvious active inflammation. Optimal ...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2016.08.009
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thirty percent of all military personnel smoke cigarettes. Because of the negative health consequences and their impact on physical fitness, overall health, and military readiness, the Department of Defense has identified the reduction of tobacco use as a priority of US military forces. This study aims to evaluate the...
journal_title：Contemporary clinical trials
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.cct.2012.04.009
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
