Abstract：
:Increasing evidence indicates that brain inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases. Mast cells (MCs) are located perivascularly close to neurons and microglia, primarily in the leptomeninges, thalamus, hypothalamus and especially the median eminence. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is secreted from the hypothalamus under stress and, together with neurotensin (NT), can stimulate brain MCs to release inflammatory and neurotoxic mediators that disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB), stimulate microglia and cause focal inflammation. CRF and NT synergistically stimulate MCs and increase vascular permeability; these peptides can also induce each other׳s surface receptors on MCs leading to autocrine and paracrine effects. As a result, brain MCs may be involved in the pathogenesis of "brain fog," headaches, and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), which worsen with stress. CRF and NT are significantly increased in serum of ASD children compared to normotypic controls further strengthening their role in the pathogenesis of autism. There are no clinically affective treatments for the core symptoms of ASDs, but pilot clinical trials using natural-antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules reported statistically significant benefit.
journal_name
Eur J Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of pharmacologyauthors
Theoharides TC,Stewart JM,Panagiotidou S,Melamed Idoi
10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.086subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-05-05 00:00:00pages
96-102eissn
0014-2999issn
1879-0712pii
S0014-2999(15)00398-2journal_volume
778pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Because of their importance in pathophysiology, the dopamine receptors have been the subjects of intense pharmacological and physiological research. Their structures have remained mostly unknown until recently with the application of molecular biological approaches. The cloning of the first dopamine receptor, the D2 r...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0922-4106(91)90001-x
更新日期：1991-08-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of isoproterenol to relax guinea-pig trachea was examined in tissues precontracted with three concentrations of methacholine or three corresponding equieffective concentrations of leukotriene D4. Although increasing the concentration of either contractile agent progressively shifted isoproterenol concentra...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(84)90580-6
更新日期：1984-07-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The interference of azelastine with pleurisy induced by antigen was investigated in actively sensitized rats. The antigenic challenge (ovalbumin, 12 micrograms/cavity) caused early plasma leakage, which peaked within 4 h, accompanied by intense neutrophil infiltration. Pleural exudate decayed 24 h after antigen provoc...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(91)90522-r
更新日期：1991-05-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigated the changes in NMDA receptor subunit proteins in diazepam-withdrawn rat cerebral cortex, using Western blotting analysis. The protein levels of the NR1 and NR2B, but not NR2A, subunits were significantly increased in diazepam-withdrawn rats compared to those in control rats. Therefore, a...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01501-x
更新日期：1998-01-12 00:00:00
abstract：:[3H]Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) binding sites were 10-fold enriched from a porcine fundic mucosal homogenate by differential centrifugation and subsequent discontinuous sucrose gradient separation. PGE2 bound with an activation energy of 66 kJ/mol to a single class of sites with an affinity of 1.5 +/- 0.4 nM and a capacit...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(88)90780-7
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats were injected with 15 mg/kg (i.p.) mianserin or vehicle (saline) for 4, 10 or 21 days and 5-HT2 receptor binding and mRNA levels measured. Treatment with mianserin induced a substantial decrease in 5-HT2 radioligand binding (44-59% decrease; P less than 0.05 vs. control). No changes in the amount of 5-HT2 or, as ...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0922-4106(91)90093-w
更新日期：1991-06-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the rate-controlling enzyme for the accumulation of triacylglycerol into adipocytes, which acts by digesting it into glycerol and fatty acids. In this study, we found that treatment with (+)-JQ1, an inhibitor of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family proteins, for 4 days from the e...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172492
更新日期：2019-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we have examined the effect of acute and chronic administration of LY 277359, a putative 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, on the number of spontaneously active dopamine cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC or A9) and ventral tegmental area (VTA or A10). This was accomplished using the standard ext...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(91)90163-k
更新日期：1991-12-17 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.04.003
更新日期：2004-05-25 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00822-x
更新日期：1998-12-18 00:00:00
abstract：:In slices of rat occipital cortex preincubated with 3H-noradrenaline, methioine-enkephalin diminished the overflow of tritium evoked by electrical field stimulation or by 20 mM potassium. The effect was not modified by phentolamine, but was antagonized by naloxone. Giver alone, naloxone slightly increased the potassiu...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(76)90343-5
更新日期：1976-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An antagonist of morphine analgesia, N-cyclopropylmethylnorazidomorphine (CAM) inhibited the"wet shakes" appearing during spontaneous or nalorphine-precipitated morphine abstinence. CAM inhibited the pinna reflex more strongly than did morphine and selectively antagonized quipazine-induced head twitches; its inhibitio...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(78)90358-8
更新日期：1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The impairment of arterial baroreceptor and vasodilator functions are two major contributors to the hypertensive action of cyclosporine (CSA). In this study, in vivo and in vitro pharmacological studies were performed to investigate whether these effects of CSA are differentially modulated by endothelin and thromboxan...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.034
更新日期：2014-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The action of a new effective antiarrhythmic agent, encainide, was studied with respect to the mechanical performance of isolated cat papillary muscle. Encainide (0.1-10 micrograms/ml) did not alter the performance of cardiac muscle during either the contraction or relaxation phase. By contrast, lidocaine (1-5 microgr...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(81)90511-2
更新日期：1981-12-03 00:00:00
abstract：:In clinical practice, patients with epilepsy are frequently associated with psychiatric disorders, including cognitive impairment, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In fact, patients with epilepsy often take centrally acting drugs, such as antidepressants and anxiolytics; however, it remains un...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.10.017
更新日期：2011-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：:[14C]Guanidinium ion influx into Na+ channel preparations from mouse and rat cerebral cortex (purified synaptosomes, and synaptoneurosomes) was characterized and its properties were compared with those for 22Na+ influx. Tetrodotoxin-sensitive influx of [14C]guanidinium ion was stimulated by aconitine, veratridine, and...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0922-4106(90)90245-s
更新日期：1990-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecular identification of two new transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, TRPM8 and TRPA1, has prompted an intense interest in their functional roles. We report that an acute exposure to the TRPM8/TRPA1 agonist icilin (0.01-100 microM), but not TRPV1 agonist capsaicin (10 microM), causes an atypical dose-relate...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.07.060
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present investigation was designed to identify potential biomarker(s) and assess the involvement of inflammatory pathway in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Following DMN-treatment (10 mg/ml/kg, i.p., given three consecutive days each week for 4 weeks) body and liver weights were significa...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.07.052
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have shown that repeated injections of acidic saline, given into the lateral gastrocnemius muscle of rats, results in a bilateral reduction in withdrawal threshold to tactile stimulation of the hindpaws. We have now characterised this model of muscoskeletal pain pharmacologically, by evaluating the an...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.01.017
更新日期：2004-03-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Phenylalanine and tyrosine reportedly decrease blood pressure in conscious restrained rats. However, tyrosine has recently been found to increase blood pressure in anesthetized animals, questioning the generality of findings obtained in restrained animals. The present study therefore evaluated the effects of phenylala...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(89)90494-9
更新日期：1989-01-31 00:00:00
abstract：:The in vitro biological effect of various opiates was studied in the guinea pig ileum bioassay. Besides their direct, immediate effect, certain opiates induced sensitivity changes which persisted after their removal and the complete recovery of the preparation. These specific, asymmetrical interactions may represent l...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(80)90488-4
更新日期：1980-03-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) is continuously produced in the lung and can be measured in exhaled gas of different species. To investigate a possible neuro-humoral regulation of pulmonary NO production in vivo we injected veratrine, an activator of Na(+) channels known to activate the sympathoadrenal system, in anaesthetized, mec...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00930-4
更新日期：2001-01-12 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the effects of carmustine (1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea) on the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in PC12 cells using fura-2 fluorescence imaging. Carmustine (100 microM) caused a delayed increase in [Ca(2+)](i) that developed within approximately 3 h. This effect was enhanced in cell...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.06.043
更新日期：2004-08-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychostimulant abuse has been a serious social problem worldwide for a long time. Bupropion, which is used as an antidepressant and to aid smoking cessation in the US, is considered to have psychostimulant-like activity. Although activation of the dopaminergic system induces several behavioral effects and bupropion c...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.07.046
更新日期：2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and prostanoids may critically contribute to the early allergic airway response. In the rat lung, serotonin (5-HT) is a major mediator of antigen-induced contractions. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the relative role of the COX pathway and serotonin for antigen-induced ...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.11.039
更新日期：2013-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are important in mediating excitatory neurotransmission in the nervous system. They are preferentially inhibited by some general anesthetics and have, therefore, been implied in the mediation of their effects. This review summarizes the main research findings available related to ...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.11.039
更新日期：2014-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:To clarify the routes for renal methylmercury uptake, the effects of ureter ligation and pretreatment of probenecid, an organic anion transport inhibitor, or acivicin, a gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP) inhibitor, on renal methylmercury content were investigated in mice. For 120 min after CH3HgCl (5 mumol/kg, ...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0926-6917(92)90005-w
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A series of oximes and related compounds were assessed for their ability to restore soman-induced neuromuscular block in the isolated diaphragm preparation of the rat, guinea-pig and marmoset. In the rat the bispyridinium oximes HS6, HI6 and HS14 were superior to P2S and all other compounds tested. Conversely, in the ...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(83)90164-4
更新日期：1983-08-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent reports show that the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) can control numerous genes encoding inflammatory and nociceptive mediators and play an important role in the development of central pain sensitization. The aim of the present study is to assess the role of NF-κB signal pathway and its downstream pro-inflammatory c...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.02.017
更新日期：2012-05-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitric oxide (10 ppm) inhaled by pigs before or during endotoxin shock induced by an infusion of E. coli lipopolysaccharide. Nitric oxide inhalation selectively attenuated pulmonary hypertension during endotoxin infusion without influencing mean arterial blood pressure and cardiac output. Upon cessation of nitric oxid...
journal_title：European journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-2999(93)90352-i
更新日期：1993-03-16 00:00:00
