Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:Increasing numbers of educational institutions in the medical field choose to replace their conventional admissions interviews with a multiple mini-interview (MMI) format because the latter has superior reliability values and reduces interviewer bias. As the MMI format can be adapted to the conditions of each institution, the question of under which circumstances an MMI is most expedient remains unresolved. This article systematically reviews the existing MMI literature to identify the aspects of MMI design that have impact on the reliability, validity and cost-efficiency of the format. METHODS:Three electronic databases (OVID, PubMed, Web of Science) were searched for any publications in which MMIs and related approaches were discussed. Sixty-six publications were included in the analysis. RESULTS:Forty studies reported reliability values. Generally, raising the number of stations has more impact on reliability than raising the number of raters per station. Other factors with positive influence include the exclusion of stations that are too easy, and the use of normative anchored rating scales or skills-based rater training. Data on criterion-related validities and analyses of dimensionality were found in 31 studies. Irrespective of design differences, the relationship between MMI results and academic measures is small to zero. The McMaster University MMI predicts in-programme and licensing examination performance. Construct validity analyses are mostly exploratory and their results are inconclusive. Seven publications gave information on required resources or provided suggestions on how to save costs. The most relevant cost factors that are additional to those of conventional interviews are the costs of station development and actor payments. CONCLUSIONS:The MMI literature provides useful recommendations for reliable and cost-efficient MMI designs, but some important aspects have not yet been fully explored. More theory-driven research is needed concerning dimensionality and construct validity, the predictive validity of MMIs other than those of McMaster University, the comparison of station types, and a cost-efficient station development process.
journal_name
Med Educjournal_title
Medical educationauthors
Knorr M,Hissbach Jdoi
10.1111/medu.12535subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-12-01 00:00:00pages
1157-75issue
12eissn
0308-0110issn
1365-2923journal_volume
48pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Many doctors rate themselves as ineffective smoking cessation counsellors. It is logical to initiate training efforts with medical students. We incorporated smoking history-taking in the physical diagnosis course at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill using a simple method to teach smoking history-taking s...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1996.tb00830.x
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Small declines in patient-centred attitudes during medical education have caused great concern. Although some of the self-report scales applied have solid psychometric foundations, validity evidence for the interpretation of attitude erosion during clerkships remains weak. OBJECTIVES:We sought to address this ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.12102
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Audit is an important part of clinical practice, and has been promoted as a core aspect of undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. Few examples of how audit is taught in the undergraduate curriculum exist. This article presents a model for student teaching using innovative methods, which include an extended ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1998.00240.x
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The view, background and motivation of providers of medical education was studied using a structured questionnaire which was sent to all those who organized courses for the Postgraduate Education Allowance in the West of Scotland. Two hundred and twenty-five replies were received from 254 course providers, giving an 8...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1993.tb00300.x
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Progress testing is a form of longitudinal examination which, in principle, samples at regular intervals from the complete domain of knowledge considered a requirement for medical students on completion of the undergraduate programme. Over the course of the programme students improve their scores on the test...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.02060.x
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Simulated patients (SPs) are extensively used in the teaching of medical communication, both for students and doctors. They occupy a unique middle ground between patients and physicians: although free from the prejudices that medical training brings, they work closely with clinical tutors to promote the princip...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.13547
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medical student wastage leads to adverse emotional and social consequences for individual students and financial difficulties and morale problems for medical schools. This study retrospectively assessed the records of all students at Leeds School of Medicine who left the course prematurely between 1983 and 1992. The d...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1996.tb00739.x
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The GMC's publications The New Doctor (GMC 1997) outlines an approach for the education of Pre-registration House Officers using designated educational supervisors. In order to establish appropriate means of training consultants to undertake this role, the Centre for Postgraduate and Continuing Medical Education at th...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1998.00209.x
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Effective communication skills are at the core of good health care. Simulated patients (SPs) are increasingly engaged as an interactive means of teaching, applying and practising communication skills with immediate feedback. There is a large body of research into the use of manikin-based simulation but a gap ex...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/medu.13387
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A system for administering multiple choice questions and for providing immediate feedback via microcomputer was designed and field-tested by three groups of paediatric residents. Only minor technical problems were encountered, and these can be resolved easily. Attitudes towards the system were strongly positive. Resid...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1984.tb01279.x
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent graduates (1989-1990) of a traditional school of Chinese medicine were assessed by observers using a 10-item scale for professional behaviour in the non-cognitive realm. Overall, 10.7% of the graduates had low ratings on this scale. Of those who scored in the top two quartiles on this scale, 71.4% reported that...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1994.tb02715.x
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:There are recognised difficulties in teaching and assessing intimate examination skills that relate to the sensitive nature of the various examinations and the anxiety faced by novice learners. This systematic review provides a summary of the evidence for the involvement of real patients (RPs) and simulated ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03608.x
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:The assessment of ethical problem solving in medicine has been controversial and challenging. The purposes of this study were: (i) to create a new instrument to measure doctors' decisions on and reasoning approach towards resolving ethical problems; (ii) to evaluate the scores generated by the new instrument fo...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03516.x
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reasons for choosing dentistry as a profession were analysed among first-year dental students at the University of Toronto. The motivations of various sub-groups were also examined. It was found that an extrinsic motivation, financial rewards, was the most widespread, although the other widely chosen motivations refer...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1977.tb00578.x
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:In relation to pre-registration house officer (PRHO) rotations incorporating general practice, previous research has recommended that where possible, no PRHO should undertake general practice as the first placement, because of the difficulties encountered. It was recognized that logistically, this could make su...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.00922.x
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:In health professions education, tests have traditionally been used to assess the skills and knowledge of learners. More recently, research in psychology and education has shown that tests can also be used to enhance student memory; a phenomenon called the 'testing effect'. Much of the research in this domain h...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.12302
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The skill of inquiry is central to the task of the doctor confronted with a patient problem. Despite its importance this skill is not given appropriate emphasis in the education of medical students or in research concerning the clinical reasoning skills of doctors. ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02428.x
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Doctors make many transitions whilst they are training and throughout their ensuing careers. Despite studies showing that transitions in other high-risk professions such as aviation have been linked to increased risk in the form of adverse outcomes, the effects of changes on doctors' performance and conseque...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04048.x
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Homeless people have greater health care needs than those who are housed, yet often experience difficulty in accessing health care. Evidence suggests that the attitudes of doctors can create significant barriers to health care for homeless people. METHODS:A validated structured questionnaire, the Attitudes ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01625.x
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is national and international interest in increasing the community-based component of undergraduate medical education, but more research is needed on its potential, practicability and effectiveness. The objective of the study was to examine the feasibility and efficacy of general practitioners teaching basic cli...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1997.00678.x
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Some medical courses in the UK have many more applicants than places and almost all applicants have the highest possible previous and predicted examination grades. The BioMedical Admissions Test (BMAT) was designed to assist in the student selection process specifically for a number of 'traditional' medical cou...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03367.x
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Critical reflection may improve health professionals' performance of the social roles of care (eg collaboration) in indeterminate zones of practice that are ambiguous, unique, unstable or value-conflicted. Research must explore critical reflection in practice and how it is developed. In this study, we explored ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.14032
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::An account is given of the introduction of MCQ in an Indian Medical institution in 1974/75. Preliminary results suggest that the reliability coefficient of MCQs rises with their difficulty, and that Pearson-type coefficient indicates a higher degree of correlation with essay marks than do Spearman coefficients. A 'stu...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1978.tb00352.x
更新日期:1978-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The importance of training health professionals for work in an ethnically diverse society is increasingly recognized. However, health educators may lack confidence or experience in delivering such teaching, contributing to a self-perpetuating inertia. OBJECTIVES:To identify current experience and challenges...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.00880.x
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Implementing problem-based learning (PBL) in the clinical years of a medical degree presents particular challenges. This study investigated the effectiveness of using an online Clinical Reasoning Guide to assist integration of PBL in the clinical setting and promote further development of students' clinical rea...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.01839.x
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:As a contribution to this special issue commemorating the journal's 50th volume, this paper seeks to explore directions for national licensing examinations (NLEs) in medicine. Increases in the numbers of new medical schools and the mobility of doctors across national borders mean that NLEs are becoming even mor...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.12810
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the impact of a written cognitive aid on expressed clinical reasoning and quantity and the accuracy of information transfer during resident doctor handover. METHODS:This study was a randomised controlled trial in an academic paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of 20 handover events (10 events pe...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/medu.12212
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was undertaken to measure the prevalence of psychological morbidity, and the nature and source of stress, in first year medical students. Two hundred and four first year medical students at a university in the north of England were sent a postal, self-report questionnaire. They were asked to complete the Ge...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1995.tb00022.x
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Medical students are expected to self-regulate their learning within complex and unpredictable clinical learning environments. Research increasingly focuses on the effects of social interactions on the development of self-regulation in workplace settings, a notion embodied within the concept of co-regulated lea...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/medu.14018
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes a strategy for helping students to learn about laboratory and radiological investigations in diagnosis and management, and to make decisions about the use of investigations, taking into account such features as safety, patient comfort and cost. Learning takes place through the use of a programmed ...
journal_title:Medical education
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1981.tb02310.x
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00