A gene required for transfer of T-DNA to plants encodes an ATPase with autophosphorylating activity.

abstract：:The nature of integrated viral DNA in normal and leukemic chicken cells has been studied by sequential nucleic acid hybridization procedures that localize the viral specific DNA in cellular DNA regions differing in reiteration frequency. First, DNA.DNA reassociation was employed to fractionate cellular DNA sequences a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Evans RM,Baluda MA,Shoyab M

更新日期：1974-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Programmed death-1 (PD-1) regulates T cell exhaustion during chronic infections. Blocking the PD-1:PD-ligand (PD-L) pathway reinvigorates exhausted CD8 T cells. Exactly how blocking PD-1:PD-L interactions improves T cell immunity, however, remains unclear. PD-1:PD-L blockade could reprogram all exhausted T cells to be...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Blackburn SD,Shin H,Freeman GJ,Wherry EJ

更新日期：2008-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR)-regulated gene expression is stimulated independently by the cellular trans-activator NF-kappa B and the viral protein Tat. Noncytotoxic concentrations of the drug pentoxifylline (PTX) inhibited interaction of NF-kappa B with its motif and the stim...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Biswas DK,Ahlers CM,Dezube BJ,Pardee AB

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A culture of mouse A9 cells yielded clones of both high and low malignancy. Confirmation of the differences in malignancy of the clones was obtained after their hybridization with subclones of YACIR a lymphoma induced by Moloney leukemia virus. Low malignant A9 clones suppressed the malignancy of the YACIR partner in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Clements GB,Fenyö EM,Klein G

更新日期：1976-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1944, Freeman Dyson conjectured the existence of a "crank" function for partitions that would provide a combinatorial proof of Ramanujan's congruence modulo 11. Forty years later, Andrews and Garvan successfully found such a function and proved the celebrated result that the crank simultaneously "explains" the thre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mahlburg K

更新日期：2005-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Mating elicits two major changes in the reproductive behavior of many insect females. The egg-laying rate increases and the readiness to accept males (receptivity) is reduced. These postmating responses last approximately 1 week in Drosophila melanogaster. Males that do not transfer sperm but transfer seminal fluid du...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu H,Kubli E

更新日期：2003-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The U.S. case against Iran is based on Iran's deceptions regarding nuclear weapons development. This case is buttressed by assertions that a state so petroleum-rich cannot need nuclear power to preserve exports, as Iran claims. The U.S. infers, therefore, that Iran's entire nuclear technology program must pertain to w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stern R

更新日期：2007-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Arabinose-binding protein, maltose-binding protein, and lambda receptor are synthesized in vitro on membrane-bound polysomes from Escherichia coli. All three proteins are exported from the cytoplasm of E. coli and all three are made in vitro in a form a few thousand daltons larger than the authentic protein. The large...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Randall LL,Hardy SJ,Josefsson LG

更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase (GS) was inactivated by a nonenzymic mixed-function oxidation system composed of ascorbate, O2, and Fe(III). Partial inactivation of GS by this system leads to the formation of hybrid GS molecules (dodecamers) composed of both active and inactive subunits. Subunit interactions in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakamura K,Stadtman ER

更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A technique for systematic peptide variation by a combination of rational and evolutionary approaches is presented. The design scheme consists of five consecutive steps: (i) identification of a "seed peptide" with a desired activity, (ii) generation of variants selected from a physicochemical space around the seed pep...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schneider G,Schrödl W,Wallukat G,Müller J,Nissen E,Rönspeck W,Wrede P,Kunze R

更新日期：1998-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytoplasmic Myc protein (c-Myc) regulates various human genes and is dysregulated in many human cancers. Phosphorylation mediates the protein activation of c-Myc and is essential for the function of this transcription factor in normal cell behavior and tumor growth. To date, however, the targeting of Myc as a ther...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fan-Minogue H,Cao Z,Paulmurugan R,Chan CT,Massoud TF,Felsher DW,Gambhir SS

更新日期：2010-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：:With the use of dynamic Monte Carlo simulations, the necessary conditions for the collapse from a random-coil denatured state to a structurally unique four-member beta-barrel native state of a model globular protein have been investigated. These systems are free to roam through all of configuration space--both native ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Skolnick J,Kolinski A,Yaris R

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:EF-hand Ca(II) binding sites share a conserved architecture and are prevalent in Ca(II) signaling pathways. The ion binding kinetics of these sites are carefully tuned to provide the physiologically appropriate activation and inactivation time scales. Here we examine kinetic tuning by the side chain at the ninth posit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Renner M,Danielson MA,Falke JJ

更新日期：1993-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The structural and functional organization of the Cct complex was addressed by genetic analyses of subunit interactions and catalytic cooperativity among five of the eight different essential subunits, Cct1p-Cct8p, in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The cct1-1, cct2-3, and cct3-1 alleles, containing mutations at t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lin P,Sherman F

更新日期：1997-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Deficiency in PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) is the underlying cause of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome and a wide variety of human cancers. In skin epidermis, we have previously identified an autocrine FGF signaling induced by loss of Pten in keratinocytes. In this study, we demonstrate ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mathew G,Hannan A,Hertzler-Schaefer K,Wang F,Feng GS,Zhong J,Zhao JJ,Downward J,Zhang X

更新日期：2016-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the past decade or more, contradictory evidence of Martian climate, indicating that surface temperatures seldom if ever approach the melting point of water at midlatitudes, and geomorphic features, consistent with liquid flows at these same latitudes, have proven difficult to reconcile. In this article, we demons...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shinbrot T,Duong NH,Kwan L,Alvarez MM

更新日期：2004-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The uterine epithelium of mice and humans undergoes cyclical waves of cell proliferation and differentiation under the regulation of estradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P4). These epithelial cells respond to E2 with increased protein and DNA synthesis, whereas P4 inhibits only the E2-induced DNA synthetic response. H...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang Y,Zhu L,Kuokkanen S,Pollard JW

更新日期：2015-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The influence of oxidation state on the pH dependence of the dissolution of the Fe(4)S(4) clusters of Chromatium vinosum ferredoxin and high-potential iron protein (HIPIP) has been studied. The first-order rate constants (k(obs)) for dissolution of both the Fe(4)S(4)(S-Cys)(4) (2-) and Fe(4)S(4)(S-Cys)(4) (3-) cluster...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Maskiewicz R,Bruice TC

更新日期：1977-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For the emergence of early life, the formation of biopolymers such as RNA is essential. However, the addition of nucleotide monomers to existing oligonucleotides requires millimolar concentrations. Even in such optimistic settings, no polymerization of RNA longer than about 20 bases could be demonstrated. How then cou...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mast CB,Schink S,Gerland U,Braun D

更新日期：2013-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Angiosperms are the largest and most successful clade of land plants with >250,000 species distributed in nearly every terrestrial habitat. Many phylogenetic studies have been based on DNA sequences of one to several genes, but, despite decades of intensive efforts, relationships among early diverging lineages and sev...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jansen RK,Cai Z,Raubeson LA,Daniell H,Depamphilis CW,Leebens-Mack J,Müller KF,Guisinger-Bellian M,Haberle RC,Hansen AK,Chumley TW,Lee SB,Peery R,McNeal JR,Kuehl JV,Boore JL

更新日期：2007-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Although it is now more than two decades since it was first reported that the imidazobenzodiazepine Ro15-4513 reverses behavioral alcohol effects, the molecular target(s) of Ro15-4513 and the mechanism of alcohol antagonism remain elusive. Here, we show that Ro15-4513 blocks the alcohol enhancement on recombinant "ext...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wallner M,Hanchar HJ,Olsen RW

更新日期：2006-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:A7r5 smooth muscle (aorta) cells have a spontaneous electrical activity. Application of vasopressin produces a hyperpolarization accompanied by an interruption of the spontaneous activity, which is followed by a depolarization associated with a recovery of the spiking activity. Vasopressin action is produced by an act...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Van Renterghem C,Romey G,Lazdunski M

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natively unfolded proteins play key roles in normal and pathological biochemical processes. Despite their importance for function, this category of proteins remains beyond the reach of classical structural biology because of their inherent conformational heterogeneity. We present a description of the intrinsic conform...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bernadó P,Blanchard L,Timmins P,Marion D,Ruigrok RW,Blackledge M

更新日期：2005-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Game theory describes strategic interactions where success of players' actions depends on those of coplayers. In humans, substantial progress has been made at the neural level in characterizing the dopaminergic and frontostriatal mechanisms mediating such behavior. Here we combined computational modeling of strategic ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Set E,Saez I,Zhu L,Houser DE,Myung N,Zhong S,Ebstein RP,Chew SH,Hsu M

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play central roles in almost all physiological functions; mutations in GPCRs are responsible for more than 30 disorders. There is a great deal of information about GPCR structure but little information that directly relates structure to protein trafficking or to activation. The gona...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Janovick JA,Conn PM

更新日期：2010-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Certain cognitive functions differ in men and women, although the anatomical and functional substrates underlying these differences remain unknown. Because neocortical activity is directly related with higher brain function, numerous studies have focused on the cerebral cortex when searching for possible structural co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alonso-Nanclares L,Gonzalez-Soriano J,Rodriguez JR,DeFelipe J

更新日期：2008-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant RHO GTPases (RAC/ROPs) mediate multiple extracellular signals ranging from hormone to stress and regulate diverse cellular processes important for polarized cell growth, differentiation, development, reproduction, and responses to the environment. They shuttle between the GDP-bound inactive state and the GTP-bou...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duan Q,Kita D,Li C,Cheung AY,Wu HM

更新日期：2010-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Receptor-mediated endocytosis proceeds by transfer of receptor-ligand complexes from clathrin-coated pits at the cell surface to uncoated endocytic vesicles termed receptosomes (or endosomes). These vesicles have now been purified more than 37-fold based on their content of newly internalized epidermal growth factor. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dickson RB,Beguinot L,Hanover JA,Richert ND,Willingham MC,Pastan I

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Efficient degradation of plant cell walls by selected anaerobic bacteria is performed by large extracellular multienzyme complexes termed cellulosomes. The spatial arrangement within the cellulosome is organized by a protein called scaffoldin, which recruits the cellulolytic subunits through interactions between cohes...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barth A,Hendrix J,Fried D,Barak Y,Bayer EA,Lamb DC

更新日期：2018-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Polymorphism in materials often leads to significantly different physical properties--the rutile and anatase polymorphs of TiO2 are a prime example. Polytypism is a special type of polymorphism, occurring in layered materials when the geometry of a repeating structural layer is maintained but the layer-stacking sequen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Luo H,Xie W,Tao J,Inoue H,Gyenis A,Krizan JW,Yazdani A,Zhu Y,Cava RJ

更新日期：2015-03-17 00:00:00