Abstract:
:We advance a theory of resilience as it applies to the challenges of international development. The conceptualization we advance for development resilience focuses on the stochastic dynamics of individual and collective human well-being, especially on the avoidance of and escape from chronic poverty over time in the face of myriad stressors and shocks. Development resilience clearly nests within it the related but distinct idea of humanitarian resilience and thereby offers a conceptual apparatus to integrate the humanitarian and development ambitions. We discuss the implications for programming, systems integration, and measurement.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Barrett CB,Constas MAdoi
10.1073/pnas.1320880111subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-10-07 00:00:00pages
14625-30issue
40eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1320880111journal_volume
111pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The influx of Ca2+ ions controls many important processes in excitable cells, including the regulation of the gating of Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels (the current IK[Ca]). Various IK[Ca] channels contribute to the regulation of the action-potential waveform, the repetitive discharge of spikes, and the secretion of neur...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.7.2858
更新日期:1994-03-29 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of selected heme analogues on heme oxygenase activity in tissues and on human and rabbit bone marrow hematopoietic colony growth were examined. Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) and zinc mesoporphyrin (ZnMP), at concentrations ranging between 1 and 20 microM, produced significant inhibition of human and rabbit bo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.4.1432
更新日期:1997-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::In an 1885 paper, E. Picard defined a subgroup Tau(Lambda) of PU(2,1) generated by monodromies and depending on parameters Lambda = (lambda(1),lambda(2),lambda(3),lambda(4)), 0 < lambda(i) < 1, < lambda(i) < 3, lambda(i) + lambda(j) >/= 1, 1 = i < j = 4. The family Tau(Lambda) resembles the family of groups Tau([u...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.10.5948
更新日期:1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most natural populations are affected by seasonal changes in temperature, rainfall, or resource availability. Seasonally fluctuating selection could potentially make a large contribution to maintaining genetic polymorphism in populations. However, previous theory suggests that the conditions for multilocus polymorphis...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1702994114
更新日期:2017-11-14 00:00:00
abstract::The assembly of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) into ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles has been investigated during in vitro transcription in isolated nuclei. Approximately 80% of the in vitro transcription observed in mouse Friend erythroleukemia cell nuclei is attributable to the activity of RNA polymerase II. In ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.5.1469
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complex social behavior in Microtus voles and other mammals has been postulated to be under the direct genetic control of a single locus: the arginine vasopressin 1a receptor (avpr1a) gene. Using a phylogenetic approach, we show that a repetitive element in the promoter region of avpr1a, which reportedly causes social...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0602380103
更新日期:2006-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::The Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin is rapidly phosphorylated (0.8 mol of 32PO4 per mol of 60-kDa subunit of calcineurin) by brain Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-kinase II). This reaction requires the autophosphorylated, Ca2+-independent form of CaM-kinase II since Ca2+/CaM b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.18.7001
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leukosialin (also known as Ly48, CD43, and sialophorin) is a major cell surface sialoglycoprotein found on a variety of hematopoietically derived cells. The precise function of this molecule is poorly understood but it has been implicated in cell proliferation and intercellular adhesion. We developed a transgenic mous...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.2.626
更新日期:1995-01-17 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence for perceptual periodicity emerges from studies showing periodic fluctuations in visual perception and decision making that are accompanied by neural oscillations in brain activity. We have uncovered signs of periodicity in the time course of binocular rivalry, a widely studied form of multistable perception....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1905174116
更新日期:2019-07-23 00:00:00
abstract::Visual speech facilitates auditory speech perception, but the visual cues responsible for these benefits and the information they provide remain unclear. Low-level models emphasize basic temporal cues provided by mouth movements, but these impoverished signals may not fully account for the richness of auditory informa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2002887117
更新日期:2020-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::The type II cell of the alveolar epithelium of adult rats has been studied by electron microscopy to determine its ability to endocytose electron-dense tracers of differing molecular charge and size. The tracers studied were native (anionic) ferritin, cationic ferritin, 70-kilodalton dextran, and colloidal carbon. Alv...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.19.6054
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tightly coupled nature of the reaction sequence catalyzed by monoterpene cyclases has precluded direct observation of the topologically required isomerization step leading from geranyl pyrophosphate to the presumptive, enzyme-bound, tertiary allylic intermediate linalyl pyrophosphate, which ultimately cyclizes to ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.14.4856
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many eukaryotic systems during immune responses, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) link cytoplasmic signaling to chromatin events by targeting transcription factors, chromatin remodeling complexes, and the RNA polymerase machinery. So far, knowledge on these events is scarce in plants and no attempts have b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2004670118
更新日期:2021-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the possibility of positive selection acting on members of the putative seven-pass chemoreceptor superfamily in Caenorhabditis elegans, which comprises approximately 1,300 genes encoding seven-pass G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Using a maximum-likelihood approach, we conducted statistical tests ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0406469102
更新日期:2005-03-22 00:00:00
abstract::The Cdc28 protein kinase functions in the G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This is in contrast with observations of the homologous protein kinase from a variety of metazoans, where activity and function are associated with the G2 to M phase transition. We presen...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.15.5697
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::There exists a properly embedded minimal surface of genus one with a single end asymptotic to the end of the helicoid. This genus-one helicoid is constructed as the limit of a continuous one-parameter family of screw-motion invariant minimal surfaces, also asymptotic to the helicoid, that have genus equal to one in th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0508008102
更新日期:2005-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Negative cooperativity has been observed in CTP synthetase, an allosteric enzyme which contains a regulatory site. Thus, the same enzyme exhibits negative cooperativity for GTP (an effector) and glutamine (a substrate) and positive cooperativity for ATP and UTP (both substrates). In the process of the delineation of t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.62.4.1121
更新日期:1969-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A high density of galanin binding sites was found by using 125I-labeled galanin, iodinated by chloramine-T, followed by autoradiography in the ventral, but not in the dorsal, hippocampus of the rat. Lesions of the fimbria and of the septum caused disappearance of a major population of these binding sites, suggesting t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.20.7339
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental stress often leads to an increased production of reactive oxygen species that are involved in plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling. Soon after the release of singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) in chloroplasts of the flu mutant of Arabidopsis, reprogramming of nuclear gene expression reveals a rapid transfer of ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1202041109
更新日期:2012-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::For the purpose of clarifying the magneto-orientation mechanism of several biological membrane systems, xylene-suspended thin-layered single crystals of lecithin, which is a major component of membranes, were subjected to magnetic fields of various strengths, and the orientation behavior of the crystals was analyzed. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.12.7232
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parathyroid hormone (PTH), the major calcium-regulating hormone, and norepinephrine (NE), the principal neurotransmitter of sympathetic nerves, regulate bone remodeling by activating distinct cell-surface G protein-coupled receptors in osteoblasts: the parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTHR) and the β(2)-adrenergic...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1109036109
更新日期:2012-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of phage lambda in vivo have indicated that its own recombination enzymes, beta protein and lambda exonuclease, are capable of catalyzing two dissimilar pathways of homologous recombination that are widely distributed in nature: single-strand annealing and strand invasion. The former is an enzymatic splicing o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0408046101
更新日期:2004-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::The circadian clock modulates expression of a large fraction of the Arabidopsis genome and affects many aspects of plant growth and development. We have discovered one way in which the circadian system regulates hormone signaling, identifying a node that links the clock and auxin networks. Auxin plays key roles in dev...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0813035106
更新日期:2009-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::Optimal infectivity of HIV-1 virions requires synthesis of the HIV-1 regulatory protein Nef in some producer cells but not others. A survey of 18 lymphoid cell lines found that Nef was dispensable in three, each of which harbored gammaretroviruses. Nef-dependent cell lines were rendered Nef-independent by a cell-free ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1001554107
更新日期:2010-05-18 00:00:00
abstract::It is a long-standing proposal that localization of maternal factors in eggs can provide the basis for pattern formation in the early embryo. The localized information can be stored as RNA, one example being Vg1 RNA, which is localized exclusively to the vegetal hemisphere of Xenopus oocytes and eggs. Localization of ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14608
更新日期:1996-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Spatial organization of the binding sites for the priming substrate, the template DNA, and the transcription inhibitor rifampicin (Rif) in Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) was probed with chimeric compounds in which Rif is covalently attached to a ribonucleotide. The compounds bind to RNA polymerase in bif...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.25.12036
更新日期:1994-12-06 00:00:00
abstract::Ig class-switch recombination (CSR) is a region-specific process that exchanges the constant Ig heavy-chain region and thus modifies an antibody's effector function. DNA lesions in switch (S) regions are induced by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and uracil-DNA glycosylase 2 (UNG2), subsequently processed ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1012591108
更新日期:2010-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Most higher eukaryotic tubulins are separated into alpha- and beta-tubulin when electrophoresed in NaDodSO4- denaturing gels, while many lower eukaryotic tubulins are poorly resolved under these conditions, which include a stacking gel (pH 6.80) and a separating gel (pH 8.80). By lowering the pH of the separating gel ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.20.6908
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The serum thymic factor (FTS) utilized in its synthetic or natural form loses its biological activity in a rosette assay after treatment with a metal ion-chelating agent, Chelex 100. This activity is restored by the addition of Zn salts and, to a lesser extent, certain other metal salts. FTS activation is secondary to...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.17.5370
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleotide sequences of the complementary strands of two human diversity region (D) minigenes, D2 and D4, show stretches of homology with two human variable region kappa chain (V kappa) genes, NG9 and HK101, respectively, in the first complementarity-determining region. In one V kappa sequence, the homology includ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.7.2125
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00