Abstract:
:Life-detection instruments on future Mars missions may use surfactant solutions to extract organic matter from samples of martian rocks. The thermal and radiation environments of space and Mars are capable of degrading these solutions, thereby reducing their ability to dissolve organic species. Successful extraction and detection of biosignatures on Mars requires an understanding of how degradation in extraterrestrial environments can affect surfactant performance. We exposed solutions of the surfactants polysorbate 80 (PS80), Zonyl FS-300, and poly[dimethylsiloxane-co-[3-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)propyl]methylsiloxane] (PDMSHEPMS) to elevated radiation and heat levels, combined with prolonged storage. Degradation was investigated by measuring changes in pH and electrical conductivity and by using the degraded solutions to extract a suite of organic compounds spiked onto grains of the martian soil simulant JSC Mars-1. Results indicate that the proton fluences expected during a mission to Mars do not cause significant degradation of surfactant compounds. Solutions of PS80 or PDMSHEPMS stored at -20 °C are able to extract the spiked standards with acceptable recovery efficiencies. Extraction efficiencies for spiked standards decrease progressively with increasing temperature, and prolonged storage at 60°C renders the surfactant solutions ineffective. Neither the presence of ascorbic acid nor the choice of solvent unequivocally alters the efficiency of extraction of the spiked standards. Since degradation of polysorbates has the potential to produce organic compounds that could be mistaken for indigenous martian organic matter, the polysiloxane PDMSHEPMS may be a superior choice of surfactant for the exploration of Mars.
journal_name
Astrobiologyjournal_title
Astrobiologyauthors
Court RW,Sims MR,Cullen DC,Sephton MAdoi
10.1089/ast.2013.1105subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-09-01 00:00:00pages
733-52issue
9eissn
1531-1074issn
1557-8070journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
ASTROBIOLOGY文献大全abstract::Formation of microtubules in volcanic glass from subsurface environments has been widely attributed to in situ activity of micro-organisms, but evidence directly linking those structures to biological processes remains lacking. Investigations into the alternative possibility of abiotic tubule formation have been limit...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1811
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), which is planned to follow the Mars Exploration Rovers and the Phoenix lander to the surface of Mars, is to explore and assess quantitatively a site on Mars as a potential habitat for present or past life. Specific goals include an assessment of the past or pres...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2007.0160
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We propose a terahertz (far-infrared) circular dichroism-based life-detection technology that may provide a universal and unequivocal spectroscopic signature of living systems regardless of their genesis. We argue that, irrespective of the specifics of their chemistry, all life forms will employ well-structured, chira...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/153110703322610609
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen is the major component of Earth's atmosphere and plays important roles in biochemistry. Biological systems have evolved a variety of mechanisms for fixing and recycling environmental nitrogen sources, which links them tightly with terrestrial nitrogen reservoirs. However, prior to the emergence of biology, al...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1700
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the impact of active M dwarf stars on the atmospheric equilibrium and surface conditions of a habitable zone Earth-like planet is key to assessing M dwarf planet habitability. Previous modeling of the impact of electromagnetic (EM) radiation and protons from a single large flare on an Earth-like atmosphe...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1794
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Remote sensing data are abundant, whereas surface in situ verification of atmospheric conditions is rare on Mars. Earth-based analogs could help gain an understanding of soil and atmospheric processes on Mars and refine existing models. In this work, we evaluate the applicability of the Weather Research and Forecastin...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2019.2024
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two terrestrial environments that have been proposed as analogs for the iron oxide precipitation in the Meridiani Planum region of Mars include the Rio Tinto precipitates and southern Utah marble concretions. Samples of two typical Utah iron oxide concretions and iron oxide precipitates in contact with biofilms from R...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2006.6.527
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The five major mass extinctions identified in 1982 by Raup and Sepkoski have expanded to six, with the suggestion that the Permian-Triassic extinction was a double event. Is there a general explanation for great mass extinctions, or can they result from different triggers, or even from internal system instabilities? T...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/153110703321632480
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In spite of the spectacular developments in our understanding of the molecular basis that underlies biological phenomena, we still lack a generally agreed-upon definition of life, but this is not for want of trying. Life is an empirical concept; and, as suggested by the many unsuccessful efforts to define it, this tas...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0535
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 1976 Viking Labeled Release (LR) experiment was positive for extant microbial life on the surface of Mars. Experiments on both Viking landers, 4000 miles apart, yielded similar, repeatable, positive responses. While the authors eventually concluded that the experiment detected martian life, this was and remains a ...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1464
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modern ecological niches are teeming with an astonishing diversity of microbial life in biofilms closely associated with mineral surfaces, which highlights the remarkable success of microorganisms in conquering the challenges and capitalizing on the benefits presented by the mineral-water interface. Biofilm formation ...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2011.0776
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fungi are not only present on Earth but colonize spacecraft and space stations as well. This review provides an extensive overview of the large and diverse group of fungal species that have been found in space, as well as those corresponding detection methods used and the existing and potential future prevention and c...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/ast.2018.1854
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We show that terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of M dwarfs older than ∼1 Gyr could have been in runaway greenhouses for several hundred million years following their formation due to the star's extended pre-main sequence phase, provided they form with abundant surface water. Such prolonged runaway greenhouses...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2014.1231
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The emergence of an RNA entity capable of synthesizing peptides was a key prebiotic development. It is hypothesized that a precursor of the modern ribosomal exit tunnel was associated with this RNA entity (e.g., "protoribosome" or "bonding entity") from the earliest time and played an essential role. Various compounds...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2011.0692
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Atacama Desert has long been considered a good Mars analogue for testing instrumentation for planetary exploration, but very few data (if any) have been reported about the geomicrobiology of its salt-rich subsurface. We performed a Mars analogue drilling campaign next to the Salar Grande (Atacama, Chile) in July 2...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2011.0654
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Equilibrium adsorption isotherm data for the purine base adenine has been obtained on several prebiotically relevant minerals by frontal analysis using water as a mobile phase. Adenine is far displaced toward adsorption on pyrite (FeS2), quartz (SiO2), and pyrrhotite (FeS), but somewhat less for magnetite (Fe3O4) and ...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/153110701753593874
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stromatolite structures in Early Archean carbonate deposits form an important clue for the existence of life in the earliest part of Earth's history. Since Mars is thought to have had similar environmental conditions early in its history, the question arises as to whether such stromatolite structures also evolved ther...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2009.0388
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a summary of the physical principles and design of the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument onboard NASA's 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. The DAN instrument will use the method of neutron-neutron activation analysis in a space application to study the abundance and depth distribution of ...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2007.0157
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aqueous solutions on Mars are theorized to contain very different ion compositions than those on Earth. To determine the effect of such solutions on typical environmental micro-organisms, which could be released from robotic spacecraft or human exploration activity, we investigated the resistance of Sphingomonas desic...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2018.1840
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The self-assembly of simple amphiphiles like fatty acids into cell-like membranous structures suggests that such structures were available on prebiotic Earth to support the origin of cellular life. However, the composition of primitive membranes remains unclear because the physical properties of the aqueous environmen...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2009.0384
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibody microarrays are becoming frequently used tools for analytical purposes. A key factor for optimal performance is the stability of the immobilized (capturing) antibodies as well as those that have been fluorescently labeled to achieve the immunological test (tracers). This is especially critical for long-distan...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2011.0647
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possible meteorite parent body origin of Earth's pregenetic nucleobases is substantiated by the guanine (G), adenine (A), and uracil (U) measured in various meteorites. Cytosine (C) and thymine (T), however, are absent in meteorites, making the emergence of an RNA and later RNA/DNA/protein world problematic. We in...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1451
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Mars Organic Analyzer (MOA) has enabled the sensitive detection of amino acid and amine biomarkers in laboratory standards and in a variety of field sample tests. However, the MOA is challenged when samples are extremely acidic and saline or contain polyvalent cations. Here, we have optimized the MOA analysis, sam...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2009.0357
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two major parameters influencing the survival of Bacillus subtilis spores in space and on bodies within the Solar System are UV radiation and vacuum, both of which induce inactivating damage to DNA. To date, however, spore survival and DNA photochemistry have been explored only at the extremes of Earth-normal atmosphe...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/153110702762470518
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photosynthesis on Earth can occur in a diversity of organisms in the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) range of 10 nmol of photons m(-2) s(-1) to 8 mmol of photons m(-2) s(-1). Similar considerations would probably apply to photosynthetic organisms on Earth-like planets (ELPs) in the continuously habitable zon...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2006.6.668
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A long-term goal of exoplanet studies is the identification and detection of biosignature gases. Beyond the most discussed biosignature gas O2, only a handful of gases have been considered in detail. In this study, we evaluate phosphine (PH3). On Earth, PH3 is associated with anaerobic ecosystems, and as such, it is a...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2018.1954
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary objective of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission, which will launch in 2011, is to characterize the habitability of a site on Mars through detailed analyses of the composition and geological context of surface materials. Within the framework of established mission goals, we have evaluated the valu...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0491
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Raman spectroscopy is being adopted as a nondestructive instrumentation for the robotic exploration of Mars to search for traces of life in the geological record. Here, miniaturized Raman spectrometers of two different types equipped with 532 and 785 nm lasers for excitation, respectively, were compared for the detect...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2012.0879
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery by NASA's Cassini mission at Saturn in 2005 of a large plume of material erupting from the south polar terrain of Enceladus, sourced within a subsurface ocean of salty liquid water laced with organic compounds, has brought together scientists from a diverse range of disciplines over the last decade to ev...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1711
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to analyze tolerance to heavy ions in desiccated animals of the eutardigrade Richtersius coronifer and the bdelloid rotifer Mniobia russeola within the STARLIFE project. Both species were exposed to iron (Fe) and helium (He) ions at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) in Chiba,...
journal_title:Astrobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1462
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00