The Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) experiment for NASA's 2009 Mars Science Laboratory.

abstract：:Materials blasted into space from the surface of early Earth may preserve a unique record of our planet's early surface environment. Armstrong et al. (2002) pointed out that such materials, in the form of terrestrial meteorites, may exist on the Moon and be of considerable astrobiological interest if biomarkers from e...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Crawford IA,Baldwin EC,Taylor EA,Bailey JA,Tsembelis K

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Knowledge and understanding of the martian environment has advanced greatly over the past two decades, beginning with NASA's return to the surface of Mars with the Pathfinder mission and its rover Sojourner in 1997 and continuing today with data being returned by the Curiosity rover. Reduced carbon, however, is yet to...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Harris LV,Hutchinson IB,Ingley R,Marshall CP,Marshall AO,Edwards HG

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent measurements of methane (CH4) by the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) now confront us with robust data that demand interpretation. Thus far, the MSL data have revealed a baseline level of CH4 (∼0.4 parts per billion by volume [ppbv]), with seasonal variations, as well as greatly enhanced spikes of CH4 with peak ab...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Yung YL,Chen P,Nealson K,Atreya S,Beckett P,Blank JG,Ehlmann B,Eiler J,Etiope G,Ferry JG,Forget F,Gao P,Hu R,Kleinböhl A,Klusman R,Lefèvre F,Miller C,Mischna M,Mumma M,Newman S,Oehler D,Okumura M,Oremland R,

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The chemical basis of life involves more than simply the presence of biological molecules; biochemical systems embody a complex network of reactions with characteristic topological features. At the same time, chemical complexity is also present in nonbiological contexts, inviting us to clarify the relationship between...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Jolley C,Douglas T

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Hayabusa2 mission successfully collected samples from the asteroid Ryugu last year and will return these to Earth in December 2020. It is anticipated that the samples will enable the analysis of terrestrially uncontaminated organic matter and minerals. Such analyses are in turn expected to elucidate the evolution ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Potiszil C,Tanaka R,Kobayashi K,Kunihiro T,Nakamura E

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During three low-altitude (99, 66, 66 km) flybys through the Enceladus plume in 2010 and 2011, Cassini's ion neutral mass spectrometer (INMS) made its first high spatial resolution measurements of the plume's gas density and distribution, detecting in situ the individual gas jets within the broad plume. Since those fl...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Teolis BD,Perry ME,Hansen CJ,Waite JH,Porco CC,Spencer JR,Howett CJA

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two major parameters influencing the survival of Bacillus subtilis spores in space and on bodies within the Solar System are UV radiation and vacuum, both of which induce inactivating damage to DNA. To date, however, spore survival and DNA photochemistry have been explored only at the extremes of Earth-normal atmosphe...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Nicholson WL,Setlow B,Setlow P

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study presents an assay for the detection and quantification of soil metal superoxides and peroxides in regolith and soil. The O2 release (OR) assay is based on the enzymatic conversion of the hydrolysis products of metal oxides to O2 and their quantification by an O2 electrode based on the stoichiometry of the i...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Georgiou CD,Zisimopoulos D,Panagiotidis K,Grintzalis K,Papapostolou I,Quinn RC,McKay CP,Sun HJ

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In June 2003, the geochemical composition of geothermal fluids was determined at 9 sites in the Vulcano hydrothermal system, including sediment seeps, geothermal wells, and submarine vents. Compositional data were combined with standard state reaction properties to determine the overall Gibbs free energy (DeltaG(r) ) ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Rogers KL,Amend JP,Gurrieri S

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The EPOXI Discovery Mission of Opportunity reused the Deep Impact flyby spacecraft to obtain spatially and temporally resolved visible photometric and moderate resolution near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic observations of Earth. These remote observations provide a rigorous validation of whole-disk Earth model simulatio...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Robinson TD,Meadows VS,Crisp D,Deming D,A'hearn MF,Charbonneau D,Livengood TA,Seager S,Barry RK,Hearty T,Hewagama T,Lisse CM,McFadden LA,Wellnitz DD

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antarctic subglacial lakes are often considered suitable analogues to extraterrestrial subglacial aqueous environments. Recently, an environmentally friendly RECoverable Autonomous Sonde (RECAS) was designed at the Polar Research Center of Jilin University (JLU) to sample the water of subglacial lakes without contamin...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Li Y,Talalay PG,Sysoev MA,Zagorodnov VS,Li X,Fan X

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Properties of avenues of transformation and their mutualism with forms of organization in dynamic systems are essential for understanding the evolution of prebiotic order. We have analyzed competition between two avenues of transformation in an A↔B system, using the simulation approach called BiADA (Biotic Abstract Du...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Popa R,Cimpoiasu VM

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The articles associated with this Special Collection focus on the NASA BASALT (Biologic Analog Science Associated with Lava Terrains) Research Program, which aims at answering the question, "How do we support and enable scientific exploration during human Mars missions?" To answer this the BASALT team conducted scient...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Lim DSS,Abercromby AFJ,Kobs Nawotniak SE,Lees DS,Miller MJ,Brady AL,Miller MJ,Mirmalek Z,Sehlke A,Payler SJ,Stevens AH,Haberle CW,Beaton KH,Chappell SP,Hughes SS,Cockell CS,Elphic RC,Downs MT,Heldmann JL

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This experiment was aimed at establishing, for the first time, the survival capability of lichens exposed to space conditions. In particular, the damaging effect of various wavelengths of extraterrestrial solar UV radiation was studied. The lichens used were the bipolar species Rhizocarpon geographicum and Xanthoria e...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Sancho LG,de la Torre R,Horneck G,Ascaso C,de Los Rios A,Pintado A,Wierzchos J,Schuster M

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Raman spectroscopy is being adopted as a nondestructive instrumentation for the robotic exploration of Mars to search for traces of life in the geological record. Here, miniaturized Raman spectrometers of two different types equipped with 532 and 785 nm lasers for excitation, respectively, were compared for the detect...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Vítek P,Jehlička J,Edwards HG,Hutchinson I,Ascaso C,Wierzchos J

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cloud layer has been hypothesized to be the most habitable region of Venus. In the lower clouds, both temperature and pressure fall within bounds that support reproduction of microbial life on Earth, although the water activity of the sulfuric acid cloud droplets makes the clouds uninhabitable to known life. In th...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Cockell CS,Higgins PM,Johnstone AA

更新日期：2021-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Fungi are not only present on Earth but colonize spacecraft and space stations as well. This review provides an extensive overview of the large and diverse group of fungal species that have been found in space, as well as those corresponding detection methods used and the existing and potential future prevention and c...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： De Middeleer G,Leys N,Sas B,De Saeger S

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of potentially habitable planets around the ultracool dwarf star Trappist-1 naturally poses the question: could Trappist-1 planets be home to life? These planets orbit very close to the host star and are most susceptible to the UV radiation emitted by the intense and frequent flares of Trappist-1. Here, ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Estrela R,Palit S,Valio A

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent discoveries about Europa--the probable existence of a sizeable ocean below its ice crust; the detection of hydrated sodium carbonates, among other salts; and the calculation of a net loss of sodium from the subsurface--suggest the existence of an alkaline ocean. Alkaline oceans (nicknamed "soda oceans" in analo...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Kempe S,Kazmierczak J

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Small-scale terracing (microterracettes) is a surface geomorphic feature that recurs under a range of environmental settings, such as those existing in high to low temperature geothermal springs and evaporitic environments, through the single or combined action of physicochemical agents and microbiological processes. ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Barbieri R,Cavalazzi B

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The five major mass extinctions identified in 1982 by Raup and Sepkoski have expanded to six, with the suggestion that the Permian-Triassic extinction was a double event. Is there a general explanation for great mass extinctions, or can they result from different triggers, or even from internal system instabilities? T...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Alvarez W

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Raman spectroscopy can provide chemical information about organic and inorganic substances quickly and nondestructively with little to no sample preparation, thus making it an ideal instrument for Mars rover missions. The ESA ExoMars planetary mission scheduled for launch in 2018 will contain a miniaturized Raman spec...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Marshall CP,Olcott Marshall A

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbial contamination of human-tended spacecraft is unavoidable, making the study of microbial growth under space conditions essential for the preservation of astronauts' health and equipment integrity. Previous studies suggested that spaceflight conditions, such as microgravity, cause a range of physiological micro...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Garschagen LS,Mancinelli RL,Moeller R

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The self-assembly of simple amphiphiles like fatty acids into cell-like membranous structures suggests that such structures were available on prebiotic Earth to support the origin of cellular life. However, the composition of primitive membranes remains unclear because the physical properties of the aqueous environmen...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Maurer SE,Deamer DW,Boncella JM,Monnard PA

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To estimate the occurrence of terrestrial exoplanets and maximize the chance of finding them, it is crucial to understand the formation of planetary systems in general and that of terrestrial planets in particular. We show that a reliable formation theory should not only explain the formation of the Solar System, with...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Alibert Y,Broeg C,Benz W,Wuchterl G,Grasset O,Sotin C,Eiroa C,Henning T,Herbst T,Kaltenegger L,Léger A,Liseau R,Lammer H,Beichman C,Danchi W,Fridlund M,Lunine J,Paresce F,Penny A,Quirrenbach A,Röttgering H,Selsi

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two terrestrial environments that have been proposed as analogs for the iron oxide precipitation in the Meridiani Planum region of Mars include the Rio Tinto precipitates and southern Utah marble concretions. Samples of two typical Utah iron oxide concretions and iron oxide precipitates in contact with biofilms from R...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Souza-Egipsy V,Ormö J,Beitler Bowen B,Chan MA,Komatsu G

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery by NASA's Cassini mission at Saturn in 2005 of a large plume of material erupting from the south polar terrain of Enceladus, sourced within a subsurface ocean of salty liquid water laced with organic compounds, has brought together scientists from a diverse range of disciplines over the last decade to ev...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Porco CC

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We show that terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of M dwarfs older than ∼1 Gyr could have been in runaway greenhouses for several hundred million years following their formation due to the star's extended pre-main sequence phase, provided they form with abundant surface water. Such prolonged runaway greenhouses...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Luger R,Barnes R

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Initially, Raman spectroscopy was a specialized technique used by vibrational spectroscopists; however, due to rapid advancements in instrumentation and imaging techniques over the last few decades, Raman spectrometers are widely available at many institutions, allowing Raman spectroscopy to become a widespread analyt...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Marshall CP,Olcott Marshall A

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Photosynthesis on Earth can occur in a diversity of organisms in the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) range of 10 nmol of photons m(-2) s(-1) to 8 mmol of photons m(-2) s(-1). Similar considerations would probably apply to photosynthetic organisms on Earth-like planets (ELPs) in the continuously habitable zon...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Raven JA,Cockell CS

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00