Abstract：
:The objective of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), which is planned to follow the Mars Exploration Rovers and the Phoenix lander to the surface of Mars, is to explore and assess quantitatively a site on Mars as a potential habitat for present or past life. Specific goals include an assessment of the past or present biological potential of the target environment and a characterization of its geology and geochemistry. Included in the 10 investigations of the MSL rover is the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite, which is designed to obtain trace organic measurements, measure water and other volatiles, and measure several light isotopes with experiment sequences designed for both atmospheric and solid-phase samples. SAM integrates a gas chromatograph, a mass spectrometer, and a tunable laser spectrometer supported by sample manipulation tools both within and external to the suite. The sub-part-per-billion sensitivity of the suite for trace species, particularly organic molecules, along with a mobile platform that will contain many kilograms of organic materials, presents a considerable challenge due to the potential for terrestrial contamination to mask the signal of martian organics. We describe the effort presently underway to understand and mitigate, wherever possible within the resource constraints of the mission, terrestrial contamination in MSL and SAM measurements.
journal_name
Astrobiologyjournal_title
Astrobiologyauthors
ten Kate IL,Canham JS,Conrad PG,Errigo T,Katz I,Mahaffy PRdoi
10.1089/ast.2007.0160subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-06-01 00:00:00pages
571-82issue
3eissn
1531-1074issn
1557-8070journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
ASTROBIOLOGY文献大全abstract：:The articles associated with this Special Collection focus on the NASA BASALT (Biologic Analog Science Associated with Lava Terrains) Research Program, which aims at answering the question, "How do we support and enable scientific exploration during human Mars missions?" To answer this the BASALT team conducted scient...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type：
doi：10.1089/ast.2018.1869
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We show that terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of M dwarfs older than ∼1 Gyr could have been in runaway greenhouses for several hundred million years following their formation due to the star's extended pre-main sequence phase, provided they form with abundant surface water. Such prolonged runaway greenhouses...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2014.1231
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of potentially habitable planets around the ultracool dwarf star Trappist-1 naturally poses the question: could Trappist-1 planets be home to life? These planets orbit very close to the host star and are most susceptible to the UV radiation emitted by the intense and frequent flares of Trappist-1. Here, ...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2019.2126
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review of material relevant to the Conference on Biosignature Preservation and Detection in Mars Analog Environments summarizes the meeting materials and discussions and is further expanded upon by detailed references to the published literature. From this diverse source material, there is a detailed discussion o...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1089/ast.2016.1627
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert is one of the driest and most inhospitable places on Earth, where life is most commonly found in the interior of rocks (i.e., endolithic habitats). Due to the extreme dryness, microbial activity in these habitats is expected to be low; however, the rate of carbon cycling within...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2012.0854
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both hydrogen and methane are consistently discharged in large quantities in hydrothermal fluids issued from ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal fields discovered along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Considering the vast number of these fields discovered or inferred, hydrothermal fluxes represent a significant input of H2 and CH4...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1089/ast.2014.1198
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Knowledge and understanding of the martian environment has advanced greatly over the past two decades, beginning with NASA's return to the surface of Mars with the Pathfinder mission and its rover Sojourner in 1997 and continuing today with data being returned by the Curiosity rover. Reduced carbon, however, is yet to...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2014.1220
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two terrestrial environments that have been proposed as analogs for the iron oxide precipitation in the Meridiani Planum region of Mars include the Rio Tinto precipitates and southern Utah marble concretions. Samples of two typical Utah iron oxide concretions and iron oxide precipitates in contact with biofilms from R...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2006.6.527
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We highlight the role of COSPAR and the scientific community in defining and updating the framework of planetary protection. Specifically, we focus on Mars "Special Regions," areas where strict planetary protection measures have to be applied before a spacecraft can explore them, given the existence of environmental c...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2016.1472
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding the impact of active M dwarf stars on the atmospheric equilibrium and surface conditions of a habitable zone Earth-like planet is key to assessing M dwarf planet habitability. Previous modeling of the impact of electromagnetic (EM) radiation and protons from a single large flare on an Earth-like atmosphe...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2017.1794
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A long-term goal of exoplanet studies is the identification and detection of biosignature gases. Beyond the most discussed biosignature gas O2, only a handful of gases have been considered in detail. In this study, we evaluate phosphine (PH3). On Earth, PH3 is associated with anaerobic ecosystems, and as such, it is a...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2018.1954
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lunar dust toxicity has to be evaluated in view of future manned missions to the Moon. Previous studies on lunar specimens and simulated dusts have revealed an oxidant activity assigned to HO· release. However, the mechanisms behind the reactivity of lunar dust are still quite unclear at the molecular level. In the pr...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2014.1216
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 1976 Viking Labeled Release (LR) experiment was positive for extant microbial life on the surface of Mars. Experiments on both Viking landers, 4000 miles apart, yielded similar, repeatable, positive responses. While the authors eventually concluded that the experiment detected martian life, this was and remains a ...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2015.1464
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacterial endospores in the genus Bacillus are considered good models for studying interplanetary transfer of microbes by natural or human processes. Although spore survival during transfer itself has been the subject of considerable study, the fate of spores in extraterrestrial environments has received less attentio...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2005.5.536
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Modern ecological niches are teeming with an astonishing diversity of microbial life in biofilms closely associated with mineral surfaces, which highlights the remarkable success of microorganisms in conquering the challenges and capitalizing on the benefits presented by the mineral-water interface. Biofilm formation ...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2011.0776
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Small-scale terracing (microterracettes) is a surface geomorphic feature that recurs under a range of environmental settings, such as those existing in high to low temperature geothermal springs and evaporitic environments, through the single or combined action of physicochemical agents and microbiological processes. ...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2017.1646
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Following the suggestion that nucleoside analogues having their nucleobases joined to ribose via a carbon-carbon bond might easily arise prebiotically, the glycosylation of uracil carrying electron-donating substituents (Me, OH, OCH3, NH2) at its 5 or 6 positions was investigated. Of these, only 6-aminouracil gave gly...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2014.1264
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We propose a terahertz (far-infrared) circular dichroism-based life-detection technology that may provide a universal and unequivocal spectroscopic signature of living systems regardless of their genesis. We argue that, irrespective of the specifics of their chemistry, all life forms will employ well-structured, chira...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/153110703322610609
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Granitoids are silicic rocks that make up the majority of the continental crust, but different models arise for the origins of these rocks. One classification scheme defines different granitoid types on the basis of materials involved in the melting/crystallization process. In this end-member case, granitoids may be d...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2014.1248
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stromatolite structures in Early Archean carbonate deposits form an important clue for the existence of life in the earliest part of Earth's history. Since Mars is thought to have had similar environmental conditions early in its history, the question arises as to whether such stromatolite structures also evolved ther...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2009.0388
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Remote sensing data are abundant, whereas surface in situ verification of atmospheric conditions is rare on Mars. Earth-based analogs could help gain an understanding of soil and atmospheric processes on Mars and refine existing models. In this work, we evaluate the applicability of the Weather Research and Forecastin...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2019.2024
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Like all low- and moderate-mass stars, the Sun will burn as a red giant during its later evolution, generating of solar luminosities for some tens of millions of years. During this post-main sequence phase, the habitable (i.e., liquid water) thermal zone of our Solar System will lie in the region where Triton, Pluto-C...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/153110703769016406
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Dry Valleys of Antarctica are one of the coldest and driest environments on Earth with paleosols in selected areas that date to the emplacement of tills by warm-based ice during the Early Miocene. Cited as an analogue to the martian surface, the ability of the Antarctic environment to support microbial life-forms ...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2010.0583
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitrogen is the major component of Earth's atmosphere and plays important roles in biochemistry. Biological systems have evolved a variety of mechanisms for fixing and recycling environmental nitrogen sources, which links them tightly with terrestrial nitrogen reservoirs. However, prior to the emergence of biology, al...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2017.1700
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dryness is one of the main environmental challenges to microbial survival. Understanding the threshold of microbial tolerance to extreme dryness is relevant to better constrain the environmental limits of life on Earth and critically evaluate long-term habitability models of Mars. Biomolecular proxies for microbial ad...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2017.1705
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Meaningful motion is an unambiguous biosignature, but because life in the Solar System is most likely to be microbial, the question is whether such motion may be detected effectively on the micrometer scale. Recent results on microbial motility in various Earth environments have provided insight into the physics and b...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1089/ast.2015.1376
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Materials blasted into space from the surface of early Earth may preserve a unique record of our planet's early surface environment. Armstrong et al. (2002) pointed out that such materials, in the form of terrestrial meteorites, may exist on the Moon and be of considerable astrobiological interest if biomarkers from e...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2007.0215
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The bicarbonate-buffered anoxic vent waters at Chocolate Pots hot springs in Yellowstone National Park are 51-54°C, pH 5.5-6.0, and are very high in dissolved Fe(II) at 5.8-5.9 mg/L. The aqueous Fe(II) is oxidized by a combination of biotic and abiotic mechanisms and precipitated as primary siliceous nanophase iron ox...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2013.1122
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epsomite (MgSO(4).7H(2)O) and hexahydrite (MgSO(4).6H(2)O) are common minerals found in marine evaporite deposits, in saline lakes as precipitates, in weathering zones of coal and metallic deposits, in some soils and their efflorescences, and possibly on the surface of Europa as evaporite deposits. Thermodynamic prope...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/153110703322610708
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent measurements of methane (CH4) by the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) now confront us with robust data that demand interpretation. Thus far, the MSL data have revealed a baseline level of CH4 (∼0.4 parts per billion by volume [ppbv]), with seasonal variations, as well as greatly enhanced spikes of CH4 with peak ab...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1089/ast.2018.1917
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
