Analog Site Experiment in the High Andes-Atacama Region: Surface Energy Budget Components on Ojos del Salado from Field Measurements and WRF Simulations.

Abstract:

:Remote sensing data are abundant, whereas surface in situ verification of atmospheric conditions is rare on Mars. Earth-based analogs could help gain an understanding of soil and atmospheric processes on Mars and refine existing models. In this work, we evaluate the applicability of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model against measurements from the Mars analog High Andes-Atacama Desert. Validation focuses on the surface conditions and on the surface energy budget. Measurements show that the average daily net radiation, global radiation, and latent heat flux amount to 131, 273, and about 10 W/m2, respectively, indicating extremely dry atmospheric conditions. Dynamically, the effect of topography is also well simulated. One of the main modeling problems is the inaccurate initial soil and surface conditions in the area. Correction of soil moisture based on in situ and satellite soil moisture measurements, as well as the removal of snow coverage, reduced the surface skin temperature root mean square error from 9.8°C to 4.3°C. The model, however, has shortcomings when soil condition modeling is considered. Sensible heat flux estimations are on par with the measurements (daily maxima around 500 W/m2), but surface soil heat flux is greatly overestimated (by 150-500 W/m2). Soil temperature and soil moisture diurnal variations are inconsistent with the measurements, partially due to the lack of water vapor representation in soil calculations.

journal_name

Astrobiology

journal_title

Astrobiology

authors

Breuer H,Berényi A,Mari L,Nagy B,Szalai Z,Tordai Á,Weidinger T

doi

10.1089/ast.2019.2024

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-06-01 00:00:00

pages

684-700

issue

6

eissn

1531-1074

issn

1557-8070

journal_volume

20

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Origin and formation of planetary systems.

    abstract::To estimate the occurrence of terrestrial exoplanets and maximize the chance of finding them, it is crucial to understand the formation of planetary systems in general and that of terrestrial planets in particular. We show that a reliable formation theory should not only explain the formation of the Solar System, with...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2009.0372

    authors: Alibert Y,Broeg C,Benz W,Wuchterl G,Grasset O,Sotin C,Eiroa C,Henning T,Herbst T,Kaltenegger L,Léger A,Liseau R,Lammer H,Beichman C,Danchi W,Fridlund M,Lunine J,Paresce F,Penny A,Quirrenbach A,Röttgering H,Selsi

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • Microbial survival rates of Escherichia coli and Deinococcus radiodurans under low temperature, low pressure, and UV-Irradiation conditions, and their relevance to possible Martian life.

    abstract::Viability rates were determined for microbial populations of Escherichia coli and Deinococcus radiodurans under the environmental stresses of low temperature (-35 degrees C), low-pressure conditions (83.3 kPa), and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (37 W/m(2)). During the stress tests the organisms were suspended in saltwa...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2006.6.332

    authors: Diaz B,Schulze-Makuch D

    更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00

  • Biogenesis and early life on Earth and Europa: favored by an alkaline ocean?

    abstract::Recent discoveries about Europa--the probable existence of a sizeable ocean below its ice crust; the detection of hydrated sodium carbonates, among other salts; and the calculation of a net loss of sodium from the subsurface--suggest the existence of an alkaline ocean. Alkaline oceans (nicknamed "soda oceans" in analo...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/153110702753621394

    authors: Kempe S,Kazmierczak J

    更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00

  • Subcritical water extractor for Mars analog soil analysis.

    abstract::Abstract Technologies that enable rapid and efficient extraction of biomarker compounds from various solid matrices are a critical requirement for the successful implementation of in situ chemical analysis of the martian regolith. Here, we describe a portable subcritical water extractor that mimics multiple organic so...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2007.0154

    authors: Amashukeli X,Grunthaner FJ,Patrick SB,Yung PT

    更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00

  • The Case for Extant Life on Mars and Its Possible Detection by the Viking Labeled Release Experiment.

    abstract::The 1976 Viking Labeled Release (LR) experiment was positive for extant microbial life on the surface of Mars. Experiments on both Viking landers, 4000 miles apart, yielded similar, repeatable, positive responses. While the authors eventually concluded that the experiment detected martian life, this was and remains a ...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1464

    authors: Levin GV,Straat PA

    更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00

  • The BASALT Research Program: Designing and Developing Mission Elements in Support of Human Scientific Exploration of Mars.

    abstract::The articles associated with this Special Collection focus on the NASA BASALT (Biologic Analog Science Associated with Lava Terrains) Research Program, which aims at answering the question, "How do we support and enable scientific exploration during human Mars missions?" To answer this the BASALT team conducted scient...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type:

    doi:10.1089/ast.2018.1869

    authors: Lim DSS,Abercromby AFJ,Kobs Nawotniak SE,Lees DS,Miller MJ,Brady AL,Miller MJ,Mirmalek Z,Sehlke A,Payler SJ,Stevens AH,Haberle CW,Beaton KH,Chappell SP,Hughes SS,Cockell CS,Elphic RC,Downs MT,Heldmann JL

    更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00

  • The Growth and Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis in Nanotesla Magnetic Fields.

    abstract::The order of magnitude of increased growth, multiplication rate, and decreased sporulation of Bacillus subtilis after exposure to nanotesla magnetic fields (MFs) relative to control samples were observed experimentally. Earth's total magnetic field intensity was reduced from 47.9 ± 0.4 μT to cover the range from 97.5 ...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2020.2288

    authors: Obhođaš J,Valković V,Kollar R,Hrenović J,Nađ K,Vinković A,Orlić Ž

    更新日期:2020-12-23 00:00:00

  • Calibration of carbonate composition using micro-Raman analysis: application to planetary surface exploration.

    abstract::Stromatolite structures in Early Archean carbonate deposits form an important clue for the existence of life in the earliest part of Earth's history. Since Mars is thought to have had similar environmental conditions early in its history, the question arises as to whether such stromatolite structures also evolved ther...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2009.0388

    authors: Rividi N,van Zuilen M,Philippot P,Ménez B,Godard G,Poidatz E

    更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00

  • A Complex Fluviolacustrine Environment on Early Mars and Its Astrobiological Potentials.

    abstract::Chloride-bearing deposits and phyllosilicates-bearing units are widely distributed in the southern highlands of Mars, but these phases are rarely found together in fluviolacustrine environments. The study of the coexistence of these minerals can provide important insights into geochemistry, water activity, and ultimat...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1757

    authors: Huang 黄俊 J,Salvatore MR,Edwards CS,Harris RL,Christensen PR

    更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00

  • Impact of the Arizona NExSS Winter School on Astrobiology Knowledge and Attitudes.

    abstract::Astrobiology is an inherently interdisciplinary area of study, demanding communication across multiple fields: astronomy, geochemistry, planetary science, and so on. Successful communication requires that researchers be aware of the basic findings, open questions, and tools and techniques of allied fields and possess ...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1710

    authors: Burnam-Fink M,Desch SJ,Scalice D,Davis H,Huff CJ,Apai D

    更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00

  • A sulfur-based survival strategy for putative phototrophic life in the venusian atmosphere.

    abstract::Several observations indicate that the cloud deck of the venusian atmosphere may provide a plausible refuge for microbial life. Having originated in a hot proto-ocean or been brought in by meteorites from Earth (or Mars), early life on Venus could have adapted to a dry, acidic atmospheric niche as the warming planet l...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/153110704773600203

    authors: Schulze-Makuch D,Grinspoon DH,Abbas O,Irwin LN,Bullock MA

    更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00

  • Free-radical chemistry as a means to evaluate lunar dust health hazard in view of future missions to the moon.

    abstract::Lunar dust toxicity has to be evaluated in view of future manned missions to the Moon. Previous studies on lunar specimens and simulated dusts have revealed an oxidant activity assigned to HO· release. However, the mechanisms behind the reactivity of lunar dust are still quite unclear at the molecular level. In the pr...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2014.1216

    authors: Turci F,Corazzari I,Alberto G,Martra G,Fubini B

    更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00

  • "Standoff Biofinder" for Fast, Noncontact, Nondestructive, Large-Area Detection of Biological Materials for Planetary Exploration.

    abstract:UNLABELLED:We developed a prototype instrument called the Standoff Biofinder, which can quickly locate biological material in a 500 cm(2) area from a 2 m standoff distance with a detection time of 0.1 s. All biogenic materials give strong fluorescence signals when excited with UV and visible lasers. In addition, the lu...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1400

    authors: Misra AK,Acosta-Maeda TE,Sharma SK,McKay CP,Gasda PJ,Taylor GJ,Lucey PG,Flynn L,Abedin MN,Clegg SM,Wiens R

    更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00

  • Comparing the evidence relevant to impact and flood basalt at times of major mass extinctions.

    abstract::The five major mass extinctions identified in 1982 by Raup and Sepkoski have expanded to six, with the suggestion that the Permian-Triassic extinction was a double event. Is there a general explanation for great mass extinctions, or can they result from different triggers, or even from internal system instabilities? T...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/153110703321632480

    authors: Alvarez W

    更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00

  • Earth as an extrasolar planet: Earth model validation using EPOXI earth observations.

    abstract::The EPOXI Discovery Mission of Opportunity reused the Deep Impact flyby spacecraft to obtain spatially and temporally resolved visible photometric and moderate resolution near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic observations of Earth. These remote observations provide a rigorous validation of whole-disk Earth model simulatio...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2011.0642

    authors: Robinson TD,Meadows VS,Crisp D,Deming D,A'hearn MF,Charbonneau D,Livengood TA,Seager S,Barry RK,Hearty T,Hewagama T,Lisse CM,McFadden LA,Wellnitz DD

    更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00

  • Physicochemical Requirements Inferred for Chemical Self-Organization Hardly Support an Emergence of Life in the Deep Oceans of Icy Moons.

    abstract:UNLABELLED:An approach to the origin of life, focused on the property of entities capable of reproducing themselves far from equilibrium, has been developed recently. Independently, the possibility of the emergence of life in the hydrothermal systems possibly present in the deep oceans below the frozen crust of some of...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1412

    authors: Pascal R

    更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00

  • Microbial Morphology and Motility as Biosignatures for Outer Planet Missions.

    abstract::Meaningful motion is an unambiguous biosignature, but because life in the Solar System is most likely to be microbial, the question is whether such motion may be detected effectively on the micrometer scale. Recent results on microbial motility in various Earth environments have provided insight into the physics and b...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1376

    authors: Nadeau J,Lindensmith C,Deming JW,Fernandez VI,Stocker R

    更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00

  • Review of wet environment types on Mars with focus on duration and volumetric issues.

    abstract::The astrobiological significance of certain environment types on Mars strongly depends on the temperature, duration, and chemistry of liquid water that was present there in the past. Recent works have focused on the identification of signs of ancient water on Mars, as it is more difficult to estimate the above-mention...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1089/ast.2011.0686

    authors: Kereszturi A

    更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00

  • In Situ Geochronology on Mars and the Development of Future Instrumentation.

    abstract::We review the in situ geochronology experiments conducted by the Mars Science Laboratory mission's Curiosity rover to understand when the Gale Crater rocks formed, underwent alteration, and became exposed to cosmogenic radiation. These experiments determined that the detrital minerals in the sedimentary rocks of Gale ...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1089/ast.2018.1871

    authors: Cohen BA,Malespin CA,Farley KA,Martin PE,Cho Y,Mahaffy PR

    更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00

  • Detection and Degradation of Adenosine Monophosphate in Perchlorate-Spiked Martian Regolith Analogue, by Deep-Ultraviolet Spectroscopy.

    abstract::The search for organic biosignatures on Mars will depend on finding material protected from the destructive ambient radiation. Solar ultraviolet can induce photochemical degradation of organic compounds, but certain clays have been shown to preserve organic material. We examine how the SHERLOC instrument on the upcomi...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2020.2362

    authors: Razzell Hollis J,Fornaro T,Rapin W,Wade J,Vicente-Retortillo Á,Steele A,Bhartia R,Beegle LW

    更新日期:2021-01-25 00:00:00

  • A Community Grows around the Geysering World of Enceladus.

    abstract::The discovery by NASA's Cassini mission at Saturn in 2005 of a large plume of material erupting from the south polar terrain of Enceladus, sourced within a subsurface ocean of salty liquid water laced with organic compounds, has brought together scientists from a diverse range of disciplines over the last decade to ev...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1711

    authors: Porco CC

    更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00

  • Experimental simulation of evaporation-driven silica sinter formation and microbial silicification in hot spring systems.

    abstract::Evaporation of silica-rich geothermal waters is one of the main abiotic drivers of the formation of silica sinters around hot springs. An important role in sinter structural development is also played by the indigenous microbial communities, which are fossilized and eventually encased in the silica matrix. The combina...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2012.0887

    authors: Orange F,Lalonde SV,Konhauser KO

    更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00

  • Field trial of a dual-wavelength fluorescent emission (L.I.F.E.) instrument and the Magma White rover during the MARS2013 Mars analog mission.

    abstract::Abstract We have developed a portable dual-wavelength laser fluorescence spectrometer as part of a multi-instrument optical probe to characterize mineral, organic, and microbial species in extreme environments. Operating at 405 and 532 nm, the instrument was originally designed for use by human explorers to produce a ...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1081

    authors: Groemer G,Sattler B,Weisleitner K,Hunger L,Kohstall C,Frisch A,Józefowicz M,Meszyński S,Storrie-Lombardi M,Bothe C,Boyd A,Dinkelaker A,Dissertori M,Fasching D,Fischer M,Föger D,Foresta L,Frischauf N,Fritsch L,Fuchs

    更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00

  • Analysis of competition between transformation pathways in the functioning of biotic abstract dual automata.

    abstract::Properties of avenues of transformation and their mutualism with forms of organization in dynamic systems are essential for understanding the evolution of prebiotic order. We have analyzed competition between two avenues of transformation in an A↔B system, using the simulation approach called BiADA (Biotic Abstract Du...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2012.0933

    authors: Popa R,Cimpoiasu VM

    更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00

  • Lessons learned from the microbial analysis of the Herschel spacecraft during assembly, integration, and test operations.

    abstract::Understanding microbial diversity in spacecraft assembly clean rooms is of major interest with respect to planetary protection considerations. A coordinated screening of different clean rooms in Europe and South America by three German institutes [Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1024

    authors: Moissl-Eichinger C,Pukall R,Probst AJ,Stieglmeier M,Schwendner P,Mora M,Barczyk S,Bohmeier M,Rettberg P

    更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00

  • An exit cavity was crucial to the polymerase activity of the early ribosome.

    abstract::The emergence of an RNA entity capable of synthesizing peptides was a key prebiotic development. It is hypothesized that a precursor of the modern ribosomal exit tunnel was associated with this RNA entity (e.g., "protoribosome" or "bonding entity") from the earliest time and played an essential role. Various compounds...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2011.0692

    authors: Fox GE,Tran Q,Yonath A

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00

  • Biologically Available Chemical Energy in the Temperate but Uninhabitable Venusian Cloud Layer: What Do We Want to Know?

    abstract::The cloud layer has been hypothesized to be the most habitable region of Venus. In the lower clouds, both temperature and pressure fall within bounds that support reproduction of microbial life on Earth, although the water activity of the sulfuric acid cloud droplets makes the clouds uninhabitable to known life. In th...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2020.2280

    authors: Cockell CS,Higgins PM,Johnstone AA

    更新日期:2021-01-19 00:00:00

  • The PROCESS experiment: amino and carboxylic acids under Mars-like surface UV radiation conditions in low-earth orbit.

    abstract::The search for organic molecules at the surface of Mars is a top priority of the next Mars exploration space missions: Mars Science Laboratory (NASA) and ExoMars (ESA). The detection of organic matter could provide information about the presence of a prebiotic chemistry or even biological activity on this planet. Ther...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2011.0756

    authors: Noblet A,Stalport F,Guan YY,Poch O,Coll P,Szopa C,Cloix M,Macari F,Raulin F,Chaput D,Cottin H

    更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00

  • A possible prebiotic origin on volcanic islands of oligopyrrole-type photopigments and electron transfer cofactors.

    abstract::Tetrapyrroles are essential to basic biochemical processes such as electron transfer and photosynthesis. However, it is not known whether these evolutionary old molecules have a prebiotic origin. We have serendipitously obtained pyrroles, which are the corresponding monomers, in laboratory experiments that simulated t...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2012.0934

    authors: Fox S,Strasdeit H

    更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00

  • A microbial oasis in the hypersaline Atacama subsurface discovered by a life detector chip: implications for the search for life on Mars.

    abstract::The Atacama Desert has long been considered a good Mars analogue for testing instrumentation for planetary exploration, but very few data (if any) have been reported about the geomicrobiology of its salt-rich subsurface. We performed a Mars analogue drilling campaign next to the Salar Grande (Atacama, Chile) in July 2...

    journal_title:Astrobiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/ast.2011.0654

    authors: Parro V,de Diego-Castilla G,Moreno-Paz M,Blanco Y,Cruz-Gil P,Rodríguez-Manfredi JA,Fernández-Remolar D,Gómez F,Gómez MJ,Rivas LA,Demergasso C,Echeverría A,Urtuvia VN,Ruiz-Bermejo M,García-Villadangos M,Postigo M,Sánchez-R

    更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00