Abstract:
:Streptococcus pyogenes is a significant pathogen of humans, annually causing over 700,000,000 infections and 500,000 deaths. Virulence in S. pyogenes is closely linked to mobile genetic elements like phages and chromosomal islands (CI). S. pyogenes phage-like chromosomal islands (SpyCI) confer a complex mutator phenotype on their host. SpyCI integrate into the 5' end of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutL, which also disrupts downstream operon genes lmrP, ruvA, and tag. During early logarithmic growth, SpyCI excise from the bacterial chromosome and replicate as episomes, relieving the mutator phenotype. As growth slows and the cells enter stationary phase, SpyCI reintegrate into the chromosome, again silencing the MMR operon. This system creates a unique growth-dependent and reversible mutator phenotype. Additional CI using the identical attachment site in mutL have been identified in related species, including Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus parauberis, and Streptococcus canis. These CI have small genomes, which range from 13 to 20 kB, conserved integrase and DNA replication genes, and no identifiable genes encoding capsid proteins. SpyCI may employ a helper phage for packaging and dissemination in a fashion similar to the Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPI). Outside of the core replication and integration genes, SpyCI and related CI show considerable diversity with the presence of many indels that may contribute to the host cell phenotype or fitness. SpyCI are a subset of a larger family of streptococcal CI who potentially regulate the expression of other host genes. The biological and phylogenetic analysis of streptococcal chromosomal islands provides important clues as to how these chromosomal islands help S. pyogenes and other streptococcal species persist in human populations in spite of antibiotic therapy and immune challenges.
journal_name
Front Cell Infect Microbioljournal_title
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiologyauthors
Nguyen SV,McShan WMdoi
10.3389/fcimb.2014.00109subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-08-12 00:00:00pages
109issn
2235-2988journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Salmonella are common enteric bacterial pathogens that infect both humans and animals. Intestinal epithelial barrier, formed by a single layer of epithelial cells and apical junctional complex (AJC), plays a crucial role in host defense against enteric pathogens to prevent bacterial translocation. However, the underly...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.606541
更新日期:2020-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::Shigella spp. are highly adapted human pathogens that cause bacillary dysentery (shigellosis). Via the type III secretion system (T3SS), Shigella deliver a subset of virulence proteins (effectors) that are responsible for pathogenesis, with functions including pyroptosis, invasion of the epithelial cells, intracellula...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2015.00100
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abstract::The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant (AR) Salmonella has a major concern worldwide. This study was designed to determine the AR profiles and serovars distribution of Salmonella enterica isolated from different breeds of breeder chickens in the province of Henan, China. For this, 2,139 dead embryo samples were coll...
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doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00497
更新日期:2020-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Vibrio parahaemolyticus, autochthonous to estuarine, marine, and coastal environments throughout the world, is the causative agent of food-borne gastroenteritis. More than 80 serotypes have been described worldwide, based on antigenic properties of the somatic (O) and capsular (K) antigens. Serovar O3:K6 emerged in In...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Antifungal agents for the treatment of Candida albicans infections are limited. We recently discovered a novel antifungal small molecule, SM21, with promising in vivo activity. Herein, we employed the newly developed C. albicans haploid toolbox to uncover the mechanism of action of SM21. Comprehensive RNA-Seq analyses...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
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doi:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00164
更新日期:2018-06-08 00:00:00
abstract::Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) has been increasingly associated with perturbations to the microbial communities that reside in and on the body (the microbiome), in both human and animal studies. To date, such studies have mainly focused on the microbial communities that inhabit the gut and oral cavity. Mounting evidence su...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2019.00440
更新日期:2020-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::The formation of granulomas is associated with the resolution of Q fever, a zoonosis due to Coxiella burnetii; however the molecular mechanisms of granuloma formation remain poorly understood. We generated human granulomas with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and beads coated with C. burnetii, using BCG ext...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2014.00172
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abstract::Murid and cricetid rodents were previously believed to be the principal reservoir hosts of hantaviruses. Recently, however, multiple newfound hantaviruses have been discovered in shrews, moles, and bats, suggesting a complex evolutionary history. Little is known about the genetic diversity and geographic distribution ...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00438
更新日期:2020-08-27 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to efficiently scavenge nutrients in the host is essential for the viability of any pathogen. All catabolic pathways must begin with the transport of substrate from the environment through the cytoplasmic membrane, a role executed by membrane transporters. Although several classes of cytoplasmic membrane t...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00033
更新日期:2018-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::Non-encapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae often possess two genes, aliB-like ORF 1 and aliB-like ORF 2, in place of capsule genes. AliB-like ORF 1 is thought to encode a substrate binding protein of an ABC transporter which binds peptide SETTFGRDFN, found in 50S ribosomal subunit protein L4 of Enterobacteriaceae. Here...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2019.00320
更新日期:2019-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives: The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae, has become a major concern in clinic settings. Combination therapy is gaining momentum to counter the secondary resistance and potential suboptimal efficacy of monotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00246
更新日期:2017-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::Escherichia coli carrying prophage with genes that encode for Shiga toxins are categorized as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) pathotype. Illnesses caused by STEC in humans, which are often foodborne, range from mild to bloody diarrhea with life-threatening complications of renal failure and hemolytic uremic syndr...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00378
更新日期:2020-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::Cerebral malaria is characterized by permanent cognitive impairments in Plasmodium-infected children. Antimalarial therapies show little effectiveness to avoid neurological deficits and brain tissue alterations elicited by severe malaria. Melatonin is a well-recognized endogenous hormone involved in the control of bra...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.541624
更新日期:2020-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia worldwide. Given the critical role of dendritic cells (DCs) in regulating and modulating the immune response to pathogens, we investigated here the role of DCs in S. pneumoniae lung infections. Using a well-established transgenic mouse line which allow...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2013.00021
更新日期:2013-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::The spirochete endoflagellum is a unique motility apparatus among bacteria. Despite its critical importance for pathogenesis, the full composition of the flagellum remains to be determined. We have recently reported that FcpA is a novel flagellar protein and a major component of the sheath of the filament of the spiro...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00130
更新日期:2018-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::Tularemia is an endemic zoonotic disease in many parts of the world including Asia. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine genome-based prevalence of Francisella tularensis (Ft) in soil, assess an association between its occurrence in soil and likely predictors i.e., macro and micro-nutrients and several c...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2019.00089
更新日期:2019-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism by which microRNAs (miRNAs) modulate innate immunity and autophagy has not been fully elucidated in Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infections. In this study, we identified that miR-199a inhibited key innate immune responses and autophagy in murine macrophages infected with M. bovis. Using ex vivo and in ...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00238
更新日期:2018-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Interferon (IFN)-sensitive and replication-incompetent influenza viruses are likely to be the alternatives to inactivated and attenuated virus vaccines. Some IFN-sensitive influenza vaccine candidates with modified non-structural protein 1 (NS1) are highly attenuated in IFN-competent hosts but induce robust antiviral ...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00127
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intraspecific differences in biological traits between Neospora caninum isolates have been widely described and associated with variations in virulence. However, the molecular basis underlying these differences has been poorly studied. We demonstrated previously that Nc-Spain7 and Nc-Spain1H, high- and low-virulence i...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2019.00354
更新日期:2019-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Background and Purpose: Early life microbiota plays a crucial role in human health by acting as a barrier from pathogens' invasion and maintaining the intestinal immune homoeostasis. Altered fecal microbiota (FM) ecology was reported in newborns affected by intestinal ischemia. Our purpose was to describe, in these pa...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00059
更新日期:2020-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::HIGHLIGHTS What is already known about this subject?Celiac disease (CD) has a high clinical and histological diversity and the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive.H. pylori is a bacterium that chronically infect gastric and duodenal mucosa activating both a Th1/Th17 and T-reg pathways.The role of H. p...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00376
更新日期:2017-08-23 00:00:00
abstract::Ticks are vectors of pathogens affecting human and animal health worldwide. Nevertheless, the ecological and evolutionary interactions between ticks, hosts, and pathogens are largely unknown. Here, we integrated a framework to evaluate the associations of the tick Ixodes ricinus with its hosts and environmental niches...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00234
更新日期:2017-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::Neutrophils are the first cells recruited to the dermal site of Leishmania infection following injection by needle or sand fly bite. The role of neutrophils in either promoting or suppressing host immunity remains controversial. We discuss the events driving neutrophil recruitment, their interaction with the parasite ...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2012.00059
更新日期:2012-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is a significant human pathogen. Upon infection, HSV-1 expresses its immediate early (IE) genes, and the IE transcription factor ICP4 (infectious cell protein-4) plays a pivotal role in initiating the downstream gene-expression cascade. Using live-cell time-lapse fluorescence microscopy,...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00265
更新日期:2020-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the parameters associated with post-treatment recurrence of bacterial vaginosis (BV), clinical factors and vaginal microbiota were examined and analyzed for BV patients who received standard metronidazole therapy. The variables associated with BV recurrence included clinical factors of past BV history, ...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2019.00189
更新日期:2019-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::The hemostatic system comprises platelet aggregation, coagulation and fibrinolysis and is a host defense mechanism that protects the integrity of the vascular system after tissue injury. During bacterial infections, the coagulation system cooperates with the inflammatory system to eliminate the invading pathogens. How...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2014.00128
更新日期:2014-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Infections with parasites of the genus Leishmania lead to a rapid, but transient activation of natural killer (NK) cells. In mice activation of NK cells requires a toll-like-receptor 9-dependent stimulation of dendritic cells (DC) which is followed by the production of IL-12. Although NK cells appear to be non-essenti...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2012.00069
更新日期:2012-05-29 00:00:00
abstract::Shigella is a Gram-negative bacterium that is responsible for shigellosis. Over the years, the study of Shigella has provided a greater understanding of how the host responds to bacterial infection, and how bacteria have evolved to effectively counter the host defenses. In this review, we provide an update on some of ...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2016-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::Brucella is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes zoonotic infection known as brucellosis which results in abortion and infertility in natural host. Humans, especially in low income countries, can acquire infection by direct contact with infected animal or by consumption of animal products and show high mor...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2016.00030
更新日期:2016-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Salmonella is a facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacterium, responsible for a wide range of food- and water-borne diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to typhoid fever depending on hosts and serotypes. Salmonella thus represents a major threat to public health. A key step in Salmonella pathogenesis is the inva...
journal_title:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00500
更新日期:2017-12-08 00:00:00